Journal: Foods

Article Title: A Novel Approach to Serving Plant-Based Confectionery—The Employment of Spray Drying in the Production of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Delivery Systems Enriched with Teucrium montanum L. Extract

doi: 10.3390/foods13030372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Determination of total hydroxycinnamic acids (HC) and individual phenylethanoid glycosides (PGs) of T. montanum extract.

Article Snippet: Secondary analytical standards, i.e., echinacoside (>98%) and verbascoside (>98%), were obtained from Biosynth s.r.o. (Bratislava, Slovakia), whereas caffeine was supplied from Fluka (Taufkirschen, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Foods

Article Title: A Novel Approach to Serving Plant-Based Confectionery—The Employment of Spray Drying in the Production of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Delivery Systems Enriched with Teucrium montanum L. Extract

doi: 10.3390/foods13030372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Encapsulation efficiency (%) and loading capacity (%) of HC and individual PGs of evaluated CMC-based microparticles.

Article Snippet: Secondary analytical standards, i.e., echinacoside (>98%) and verbascoside (>98%), were obtained from Biosynth s.r.o. (Bratislava, Slovakia), whereas caffeine was supplied from Fluka (Taufkirschen, Germany).

Techniques: Encapsulation

Journal: Foods

Article Title: A Novel Approach to Serving Plant-Based Confectionery—The Employment of Spray Drying in the Production of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Delivery Systems Enriched with Teucrium montanum L. Extract

doi: 10.3390/foods13030372

Figure Lengend Snippet: HPLC determination of phenylethanoid glycosides and methylxanthines in formulated jellies.

Article Snippet: Secondary analytical standards, i.e., echinacoside (>98%) and verbascoside (>98%), were obtained from Biosynth s.r.o. (Bratislava, Slovakia), whereas caffeine was supplied from Fluka (Taufkirschen, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Biochemistry

Article Title: Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases

doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structures of olive plant metabolites. Polyphenols present in P. latifolia L. and other olive species, including hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, verbascoside, caffeic acid, and tyrosol, are shown. Hydroxytyrosol (red) is a component of oleuropein and verbascoside, and caffeic acid (blue) is a component of verbascoside.

Article Snippet: Analytical grade hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), verbascoside, and caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid) were obtained from LKT Laboratories.

Techniques:

Journal: Biochemistry

Article Title: Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases

doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olive metabolites enhance DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα. (A) The effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT; red), oleuropein (OE; green), verbascoside (VERB; purple), caffeic acid (CA; blue), and tyrosol (TY; black) on DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα are shown. DNA cleavage levels were calculated relative to a control reaction mixture that contained no metabolite. Error bars represent standard deviations for three independent experiments. (B) DNA cleavage induced by hydroxytyrosol (top), oleuropein (middle), or verbascoside (bottom) is reversible and protein-linked. Ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels are shown. Assay mixtures contained DNA with olive metabolites in the absence of enzyme (−TII), topoisomerase IIα with DNA in the absence of olive metabolites (TII), or complete reactions stopped with SDS prior to the addition of EDTA (SDS). To determine whether the reaction was reversible, EDTA was added prior to SDS (EDTA). To determine whether the cleaved DNA was protein-linked, proteinase K treatment was omitted (−ProK). The mobilities of negatively supercoiled DNA (form I; FI), the nicked circular plasmid (form II; FII), and linear molecules (form III; FIII) are indicated. Gels are representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Analytical grade hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), verbascoside, and caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid) were obtained from LKT Laboratories.

Techniques: Control, Staining, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Biochemistry

Article Title: Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases

doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activity of olive metabolites against topoisomerase IIα and IIβ is enhanced by the presence of an oxidant. (A) The effects of an oxidant, K 3 Fe(CN) 6 , on DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα were determined in the presence of 100 μM olive metabolites [hydroxytyrosol (HT; red), oleuropein (OE; green), verbascoside (VERB; purple), caffeic acid (CA; blue), and tyrosol (TY; black)] or in the absence of a metabolite (TII; gray) (left). The effects of olive leaf metabolites on DNA cleavage were determined in the presence of 10 μM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 (right). (B) The effects of olive metabolites on DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIβ were determined in the presence of 10 μM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 . DNA cleavage levels were calculated relative to a control reaction mixture that contained no metabolite and no oxidant. Error bars represent standard deviations for three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Analytical grade hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), verbascoside, and caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid) were obtained from LKT Laboratories.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Biochemistry

Article Title: Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases

doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of olive leaf metabolites on the sites of DNA cleavage generated by topoisomerase IIα. An autoradiogram of a polyacrylamide gel is shown. Reaction mixtures contained no enzyme (DNA), enzyme in the absence of metabolite (TII), or enzyme in the presence of 10 μM hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleuropein (OE), or verbascoside (VERB) in the presence of 10 μM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 . A control DNA cleavage reaction mixture that contained 20 μM etoposide also is shown. The autoradiogram is representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Analytical grade hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), verbascoside, and caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid) were obtained from LKT Laboratories.

Techniques: Generated, Control

Journal: Biochemistry

Article Title: Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases

doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of olive leaf metabolites on DNA cleavage complex stability. (A) The ability of human topoisomerase IIα to ligate cleaved DNA is shown. Reactions (20 s) were conducted in the presence of no metabolite (TII; gray), hydroxytyrosol (HT; red), oleuropein (OE; green), verbascoside (VERB; purple), or 100 μM etoposide (ETOP; black). Reaction mixtures contained 1 mM metabolite and no oxidant (left) or 10 μM metabolite in the presence of 10 μM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 (right). (B) The effects of olive metabolites on the persistence of topoisomerase IIα–DNA cleavage complexes in the absence or presence of oxidant are shown. Assays were conducted in the presence of 1 mM metabolite (empty circles) or 10 μM metabolite with 10 μM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 (filled circles). Colors are as described above. For the ligation and persistence reactions, DNA cleavage levels at time zero were set to 100% to allow a direct comparison. Error bars represent the standard deviation of at least three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Analytical grade hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), verbascoside, and caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid) were obtained from LKT Laboratories.

Techniques: Ligation, Comparison, Standard Deviation

Journal: Biochemistry

Article Title: Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases

doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olive metabolites are covalent topoisomerase II poisons. (A) Effects of DTT on the ability of olive metabolites to enhance DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα. DNA cleavage reactions were performed in the absence of DTT (filled bars, No DTT), in the presence of 100 μM DTT that was added after the cleavage–ligation equilibrium was established (stippled bars, Post DTT), or in the presence of 100 μM DTT that was added at the start of the reaction (empty bars, Pre DTT). Reaction mixtures contained 1 mM hydroxytyrosol (HT; red), oleuropein (OE; green), or verbascoside (VERB; purple). DNA cleavage levels were calculated relative to a control reaction mixture that contained no metabolite. (B) Effects of 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethanol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol on topoisomerase IIα-mediated DNA cleavage. The effects of 500 μM 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethanol (black bar) or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol (white bar) on the cleavage of negatively supercoiled plasmid DNA by topoisomerase IIα were determined in the presence 10 μM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 . Data for reaction mixtures that contained no compounds are colored gray. DNA cleavage levels were calculated relative to a control reaction mixture that contained no compounds or oxidant. In all cases, error bars represent standard deviations for three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Analytical grade hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), verbascoside, and caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid) were obtained from LKT Laboratories.

Techniques: Ligation, Control, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Biochemistry

Article Title: Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases

doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olive metabolites inhibit topoisomerase IIα when incubated with the enzyme prior to DNA. The effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT; red), oleuropein (OE; green), and verbascoside (VERB; purple) are shown. Metabolites were incubated with the human enzyme in the absence of oxidant (1 mM metabolite, filled circles, left) or in the presence of 10 μM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 (10 μM metabolite, empty circles, right). DNA cleavage levels were calculated relative to a control reaction mixture to which the metabolite was added after the addition of DNA to assay mixtures. Error bars represent standard deviations of at least three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Analytical grade hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), verbascoside, and caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid) were obtained from LKT Laboratories.

Techniques: Incubation, Control

Journal: Biochemistry

Article Title: Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases

doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olive metabolites require the N-terminal domain to enhance DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα. The effects of olive metabolites on DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα lacking the C-terminal domain (Δ1175) or both the C-terminal and N-terminal domains (Catalytic core) are shown in panels A and B, respectively. DNA cleavage reactions were performed using 1 mM metabolite [hydroxytyrosol (HT; red), oleuropein (OE; green), or verbascoside (VERB; purple)] in the absence of an oxidant (filled bars) or 10 μM metabolite in the presence of 10 μM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 . Results with no metabolite (TII, gray) or 100 μM etoposide (ETOP, black) in the absence or presence of an oxidant are shown as controls. DNA cleavage levels were calculated relative to scission generated by restriction endonucease Eco RI, which was set to 100%. Error bars represent the standard deviation of at least three independent experiments. Baseline levels of DNA cleavage generated by the catalytic core are lower than those generated by full-length topoisomerase IIα.

Article Snippet: Analytical grade hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), verbascoside, and caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid) were obtained from LKT Laboratories.

Techniques: Generated, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Foodborne Pathogen Survival in Commercial Aloreña de Málaga Table Olive Packaging

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02471

Figure Lengend Snippet: Physicochemical characteristics and additives levels of the different Aloreña de Málaga commercial packaging brines used in the present study.

Article Snippet: Hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and verbascoside were purchased from Extrasynthese SA (Genay, France).

Techniques:

Journal: Antibiotics

Article Title: Olive Leaf as a Source of Antibacterial Compounds Active against Antibiotic-Resistant Strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12010026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantification of main phenolic and secoiridoid compounds present in olive-leaf extracts (E1 and E2). Results are expressed as mean value ± standard deviation for dry matter (mg/100 g).

Article Snippet: The 3,4-DHBA (protocatechuic acid) (>90%), 4-HPE (tyrosol) (>95%), trans -4-HCA ( trans -4-coumaric acid) (>98%), trans -3,4-DHCA ( trans -caffeic acid) (>99%), trans -3-M,4-HCA ( trans -ferulic acid) (>98%), quercetin 3- O -rhamnoside (quercitrin) (>93.3%), luteolin 3’,7-di- O -glucoside (>97%), eriodictyol-7- O -rutinoside (>98%), eriodictyol 7- O -glucoside (>98%), luteolin 7- O -glucoside (>98%), and 3,4-DHPE caffeoyl glucoside (verbascoside) (>95%) were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).

Techniques: Standard Deviation