Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: γδ T cells are effectors of immune checkpoint blockade in mismatch repair-deficient colon cancers with antigen presentation defects

doi: 10.1101/2021.10.14.464229

Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Flow cytometry gating strategy on PDTO cells for analysis of surface staining. Selected cells were gated on single, live cells before quantification of staining signal. b. Histogram representation and count for surface staining of MHC-I, PD-L1, and β2m expression on two PDTO lines B2MWT and B2MKO after IFNγ pre-stimulation. Staining with isotype antibodies for each fluorochrome (PE, APC and FITC) were included as negative control. c. Flow cytometry gating strategy on γδ T cell samples for analysis of intracellular staining to test antitumor reactivity upon PDTO stimulation. Lymphocyte population was further gated on single cells, live and CD3+ cells, γδ TCR+ cells and CD8+ as well as CD8–CD4– cells. Reactivity of the sample was based on IFNγ+ cells of the selected population. d. Histogram representation and count for surface staining of NKG2D ligands MICA/B, ULBP1, ULBP2/5/6, ULBP3, and ULBP4 on two PDTO lines B2MWT and B2MKO after IFNγ pre-stimulation. e. Flow cytometry gating strategy on γδ T cell samples for analysis of intracellular staining after stimulation with PDTOs in the presence of NKG2D ligand blocking. Lymphocyte population was further gated on single cells, live and CD3+ cells, followed by γδ TCR+ and CD8+ as well as CD8– cells. Reactivity of final population was based on IFNγ+ or CD107a+ cells.

Article Snippet: Briefly, cells were incubated with human Fc receptor block (BioLegend) and stained with the different cell surface antibodies (1:10 anti-CD112-PE [clone R2.525, BD Biosciences], 1:10 anti-CD155-PE [clone 300907, R&D Systems], 1:50 anti-CD277/BTN3A1-PE [clone BT3.1, Miltenyi], 1:100 anti-HLA-A,B,C-FITC [clone W6/32, eBioscience], 1:20 anti-HLA-E­BV421 [clone 3D12, BioLegend], 1:20 anti-HLA-G-APC [clone 87G, BioLegend], 1:300 anti-MICA/B-PE [clone 6D4, BioLegend], 1:10 anti-ULBP1-PE [clone 170818, R&D Systems], 1:20 anti-ULBP2/5/6-PE [clone 165903, R&D Systems], 1:20 anti-ULBP3-PE [clone 166510, R&D Systems], or 1:20 anti-ULBP4-PE [clone 709116, R&D Systems] for 45 min at 4°C.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Expressing, Negative Control, Blocking Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Low-Dose Gemcitabine Treatment Enhances Immunogenicity and Natural Killer Cell-Driven Tumor Immunity in Lung Cancer

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00331

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of primers used in qRT-PCR.

Article Snippet: Anti-human ULBP1, ULBP2/5/6, and ULBP3 antibody were purchased from R&D Systems.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Low-Dose Gemcitabine Treatment Enhances Immunogenicity and Natural Killer Cell-Driven Tumor Immunity in Lung Cancer

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00331

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gemcitabine up-regulates NKG2D ligands in lung cancer cells. (A) qRT-PCR of H60, Raet-1 , and Ulbp1 mRNA in LLC cells. (B) qRT-PCR of major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A ( MICA ), MICB , and UL16 binding protein ( ULBP ) 1-6 mRNA in A549 cells. Data are the fold-change of mRNA expression in gemcitabine- and cisplatin-treated cells relative to untreated cells. (C) Surface expression of MICA/B, ULBP1, ULBP2/5/6, and ULBP3 was measured by flow cytometry on A549 cells treated with vehicle control (DMSO), gemcitabine or cisplatin. Data are representative of three independent experiments. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Anti-human ULBP1, ULBP2/5/6, and ULBP3 antibody were purchased from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunopeptidomics, Sequencing, Binding Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: International journal of cancer

Article Title: Expression of the ULBP ligands for NKG2D by B-NHL cells plays an important role in determining their susceptibility to rituximab-induced ADCC.

doi: 10.1002/ijc.24351

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 – Correlations between the expression of MHC class I or total NKG2D ligand and rituximab-induced ADCC in B-NHL cell lines. ADCC (upper panels) or CDC (lower panels) in the presence of 10 lg/ml rituximab against 30 different CD201 B-NHL cell lines determined by 51Cr release assays. Y-axis: % lysis. X-axis: MFI ratio of MHC class I (left panels) and total NKG2D ligand (right panels). Each dot plot in each panel represents 1 cell line in the same manner as in Figure 1. The coefficients and P values assessed by Spearman rank correlation coefficient testing are indicated in each panel.

Article Snippet: Mouse mAbs to human UL16-binding protein (ULBP)1 (clone: 170818, IgG2a), ULBP2 (165903, IgG2a), ULBP3 (166510, IgG2a), Allophycocyanin (APC)-conjugated antihuman major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related genes A (MICA) (159227, IgG2b), MHC class I chain-related genes B (MICB) (236511, IgG2b), Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated antihuman NKG2D (149810, IgG1) and appropriate isotype-matched control mAbs were purchased from R&D Systems, (Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: Expressing, Lysis

Journal: International journal of cancer

Article Title: Expression of the ULBP ligands for NKG2D by B-NHL cells plays an important role in determining their susceptibility to rituximab-induced ADCC.

doi: 10.1002/ijc.24351

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 – Correlations between the expression of the NKG2D ligand, ULBP1–3, or MICA/B and rituximab-induced ADCC in B-NHL cell lines. ADCC in the presence of 10 lg/ml rituximab against 30 different CD201 B-NHL cell lines determined by 51Cr release assays. Y-axis: % lysis. X-axis: MFI ratio of ULBP1 (upper left panel), ULBP2 (upper middle panel), ULBP3 (upper right panel), MICA (lower left panel), and MICB (lower right panel). Each dot plot in each panel represents 1 cell line in the same manner as in Figure 1. The coefficients and p values assessed by Spearman rank correlation coefficient testing are indicated in each panel.

Article Snippet: Mouse mAbs to human UL16-binding protein (ULBP)1 (clone: 170818, IgG2a), ULBP2 (165903, IgG2a), ULBP3 (166510, IgG2a), Allophycocyanin (APC)-conjugated antihuman major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related genes A (MICA) (159227, IgG2b), MHC class I chain-related genes B (MICB) (236511, IgG2b), Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated antihuman NKG2D (149810, IgG1) and appropriate isotype-matched control mAbs were purchased from R&D Systems, (Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: Expressing, Lysis

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: The HHV-6A Proteins U20 and U21 Target NKG2D Ligands to Escape Immune Recognition

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of three NKG2D ligands is affected during HHV-6A infection. (A) Detection of surface expression of MICA, MICB, ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3 and HLA class I on the T cell lines HSB-2 (upper panel) or J-Jhan (lower panel), either on uninfected cells (black histograms) or on HHV-6A infected cells at 72 hpi (red histograms). The grey shaded histogram is staining of an IgG isotype control on uninfected cells; the background of infected cells was virtually identical. Due to the lack of ULBP3 expression on HSB-2 cells, HSB-2-ULBP3 overexpression transfectants were stained as well. One representative experiment out of at least four is shown. Quantification of surface expression of MICB, ULBP1 and ULBP3 in uninfected cells (grey bars) and at 72 hpi (red bars) is shown on the right. Averages using median fluorescence intensity of at least 4 experiments were used, *p < 0.005 in student’s t-test. (B) Surface expression of MICB, ULBP1 and ULBP3 kinetics in J-Jhan cells presented as median fluorescence intensity over time. (C) NK cell degranulation towards uninfected (grey bars) or HHV-6A infected or J-Jhan cells at 72 hpi (red bars) in presence of an isotype IgG antibody (left) or a NKG2D blocking antibody (right). Data is merged from four independent experiments and standard error of means is shown, *p < 0.05 in student’s t test; ns = not significant. (D) qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA levels of MICA, MICB, ULBP1, ULBP2 and ULBP3 in J-Jhan cells (black bars) and HSB-2 cells (grey bars). Shown are relative values of HHV-6A infected cells at 72 hpi compared to uninfected cells (=1, grey line) normalized to HPRT. GAPDH was used as additional internal control and yielded similar results. ULBP3 mRNA levels in HSB-2 cells were insufficient to yield reliable results in qRT-PCR, n.d. = not detected. Averaged data out of at least three experiments including standard error of the mean is shown. (E) Western Blot analysis of MICB levels in HSB-2 cells as well as ULBP1 or ULBP3 in J-Jhan. Cells were infected for 72 hours prior to sample preparation. One representative experiment out of three is shown. Quantification was statistically analyzed using a single sample t-test, *p (MICB) = 0.01, *p (ULBP1) = 0.04, *p (ULBP3) = 0.03. (F) ELISA for soluble NKG2D ligands in supernatants of uninfected or HHV-6A infected J-Jhan cells using an NKG2D-Fc fusion protein. Merged data from three independent infections is shown. BJAB cell supernatants served as positive control. Differences between uninfected and infected cells were not significant (ns) according to the student’s t-test.

Article Snippet: Then, following antibodies, all diluted in 5% BSA in PBS, were used to detect the proteins: rabbit-anti-vinculin (1:1000, ab129003, Abcam), mouse-anti-human MICB (1:375, MAB1599, R&D systems), rabbit-anti-human ULBP1 (1:500, H-46, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse-anti-human ULBP3 (1:500, MAB15171, R&D systems), anti-FLAG (DYKDDDDK) (1:1000, L5, Biolegend).

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Staining, Control, Over Expression, Fluorescence, Blocking Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Sample Prep, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Positive Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: The HHV-6A Proteins U20 and U21 Target NKG2D Ligands to Escape Immune Recognition

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viral U20 and U21 proteins suppress expression of ULBP1 and ULBP3, respectively. (A) Surface staining of MICB, ULBP1 and ULBP3 on J-Jhan transfectants that overexpress the viral U20 (red) or U21 (blue). The black histogram depicts staining for these ligands on an empty vector control transfectant, the grey shaded histogram depicts an IgG isotype staining on these control cells. Staining of this isotype on the transfectants expressing viral genes was virtually identical. (B) Quantification of ULBP1 and ULBP3 levels on J-Jhan, statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with post hoc Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test, *p < 0.05. (C) Surface staining of MICB, ULBP1 and ULBP3 on 293T transfectants that overexpress the viral U20 (red) or U21 (blue). The black histogram depicts staining for these ligands on an empty vector control transfectant, the grey shaded histogram depicts an IgG isotype staining on these control cells. Staining of this isotype on the transfectants expressing viral genes was virtually identical. (D) Quantification of ULBP1 and ULBP3 levels on 293T, statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD test, *p < 0.05. (E) Comparison of U20 and U21 RNA levels between cells after HHV-6A infection of J-Jhan cells, and J-Jhan cells overexpressing U20 or U21, respectively, by qRT-PCR. GAPDH was used for normalization. (F) NK cell degranulation towards transfected U20-293T (red bar), U21-293T (blue bar) and controls (grey) measured in flow cytometry by CD107a. Data is representative from two independent donors. U20 and U21 were found significantly changed by One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey Honestly Significant Difference Test, no significant differences were observed when NK cells blocked with an antibody blocking NKG2D was used (ns). (G) J-Jhan cells transfected with an empty control vector (EV), a sgRNA expressing an irrelevant guide RNA (ctrl sgRNA) or each two sgRNAs targeting U20 (left) or U21 (right) stained for ULBP1 or ULBP3 respectively after three days of infection with HHV-6A. Restoration was significant (*p < 0.05 in student’s t test) both compared to EV and the control guide RNA. Merged data of at least 3 experiments (2 for ctrl guide RNA in ULBP1 staining) with averages and standard error of the means is shown.

Article Snippet: Then, following antibodies, all diluted in 5% BSA in PBS, were used to detect the proteins: rabbit-anti-vinculin (1:1000, ab129003, Abcam), mouse-anti-human MICB (1:375, MAB1599, R&D systems), rabbit-anti-human ULBP1 (1:500, H-46, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse-anti-human ULBP3 (1:500, MAB15171, R&D systems), anti-FLAG (DYKDDDDK) (1:1000, L5, Biolegend).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Transfection, Comparison, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, Blocking Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: The HHV-6A Proteins U20 and U21 Target NKG2D Ligands to Escape Immune Recognition

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viral U20 and U21 proteins localize to the secretory pathway. (A) Localization of U20, U21 and U23 in 293T cells determined by FLAG tag staining (yellow). PDI was co-stained to assess the localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (red, left); CD107a served as a marker for late endosomes (red, right). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Pearson’s correlation coefficients describe overlap of FLAG staining and organelle marker staining. (B) Flow cytometric analysis of ULBP3 on J-Jhan and 293T transfected with U21 or controls treated for 6 hours with Concanamycin A that inhibits lysosomal degradation of proteins. A representative plot is presented for ULBP3 expression on J-Jhan transfectants. (C) Bar histograms show quantification of one of two independent experiments, *p < 0.05 in student’s t test for U21-transfectants in J-Jhan and 293T cells. Differences in all other transfectants are non-significant.

Article Snippet: Then, following antibodies, all diluted in 5% BSA in PBS, were used to detect the proteins: rabbit-anti-vinculin (1:1000, ab129003, Abcam), mouse-anti-human MICB (1:375, MAB1599, R&D systems), rabbit-anti-human ULBP1 (1:500, H-46, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse-anti-human ULBP3 (1:500, MAB15171, R&D systems), anti-FLAG (DYKDDDDK) (1:1000, L5, Biolegend).

Techniques: FLAG-tag, Staining, Marker, Transfection, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: The HHV-6A Proteins U20 and U21 Target NKG2D Ligands to Escape Immune Recognition

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primer pairs for human and viral genes used in qPCR.

Article Snippet: Then, following antibodies, all diluted in 5% BSA in PBS, were used to detect the proteins: rabbit-anti-vinculin (1:1000, ab129003, Abcam), mouse-anti-human MICB (1:375, MAB1599, R&D systems), rabbit-anti-human ULBP1 (1:500, H-46, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse-anti-human ULBP3 (1:500, MAB15171, R&D systems), anti-FLAG (DYKDDDDK) (1:1000, L5, Biolegend).

Techniques: Sequencing