Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Early administration of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors improves survival and cardiac remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0339600

Figure Lengend Snippet: The decrease in NO levels in vivo following the ingestion of HFD and L-NAME decreased the activity of the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway. cGMP-activated PKG has hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects; therefore, decreased activity of the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway may lead to inflammation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis, leading to the development of HFpEF. Furthermore, the decrease in NO levels in vivo converts Ang I to Ang II; hence, a decrease in NO activates RAS. Ang II increased by RAS activity increases TGF-β expression, which consequently activates the MAPK signaling pathway, leading to fibroblast proliferation, ECM overdeposition, and fibrosis. Ang II also activates the PI3K-Akt and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, which may trigger inflammation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis, leading to HFpEF development. Early administration of the RAS inhibitors Cap and Sac/Val may suppress downstream signaling by inhibiting RAS, thereby reducing inflammation and fibrosis and preventing the onset of HFpEF. NO: nitric oxide; HFD: high-fat diet; L-NAME: NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; sGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; PKG: protein kinase G; Ang I: angiotensin I; Ang II: angiotensin II; RAS: renin-angiotensin system; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ECM: extracellular matrix; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; Akt: serine/threonine protein kinase; JAK: janus kinase; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription.

Article Snippet: The cannula was then connected to a transducer (MLT0670, BP transducer, AD Instruments, Oxford, UK), and blood pressure was continuously monitored for 10 min using the PowerLab® system (AD Instruments), with the average value calculated [ ].

Techniques: In Vivo, Activity Assay, Expressing, Protein-Protein interactions

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Src family kinases interfere with dimerization of STAT5A through a phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interaction

doi: 10.1186/s12964-014-0081-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: The SH2 domain of STAT5A is required for efficient binding to Src kinases. (A) Domain structure of fluorescently labeled STAT5A-eYFP. (B) Subcellular localization of STAT5A-eYFP in the absence or presence of Epo. HeLa T-REx HA-EpoR cells stably transfected with STAT5A-eYFP were stimulated with 1 U/ml Epo for 30 min and the localization of STAT5A-eYFP was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm. (C) Subcellular localization of STAT5A-eYFP (upper panel), STAT5A R618Q -eYFP (middle panel) and STAT3-eYFP (lower panel) was investigated in the presence of vSrc-dsRed. HeLa T-REx vSrc-dsRed cells were treated with 5 ng/ml doxycycline and transfected with the indicated constructs and the distribution of fluorescently labeled fusion proteins was analyzed after 24 h by confocal microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm. (D) Quantification of the relative subcellular distribution of eYFP-labeled STAT3 and STAT5A constructs in HeLa T-REx HA-EpoR cells stably expressing STAT5A-eYFP (B) and HeLa T-REx vSrc-dsRed cells transfected with STAT5A-eYFP, STAT5A R618Q -eYFP or STAT3-eYFP (C) . The expression of the HA-EpoR and vSrc-dsRed was induced with 5 ng/ml doxycycline for 24 hours. Mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of the cytoplasm and nucleus were determined using the Zen 2012 software and changes in the ratio between the compartments were plotted. The data shown are means ± SD of n = 30 cells and were statistically evaluated by Student’s t -test. ***p < 0.0005. n.s. = not significant. (E + F) HeLa T-REx FRT cells were co-transfected with plasmids coding for STAT5A-eYFP or STAT5A R618Q -eYFP and vSrc-dsRed or Hck-dsRed. Fluorescently labeled STAT5 was immunoprecipitated from cell lysates using a GFP antibody and analyzed by immunoblotting for the presence of vSrc-dsRed or Hck-dsRed 24 h after transfection. The expression and phosphorylation of STAT5A and vSrc/Hck proteins was analyzed in the whole cellular lysates (WCL) using antibodies against pY 416 -Src, Src, Hck, pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B and GFP.

Article Snippet: Anti-pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B (#9351), anti-pY 416 -Src (#2101), anti-pY 412 -Abl (#2865), anti-Hsp70 (#4872, Cell Signaling, Beverly, USA), anti-STAT5A (clone #5073, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was kindly provided by Richard Moriggl, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria), anti-GFP (600-103-215, Rockland, Gilbertsville, USA), anti-FLAG (F3165), anti-α-tubulin (T5168, Sigma, St. Louis, USA), anti-GAPDH (sc-32233), anti-Abl (sc-131), anti-Hck (sc-72), anti-cSrc (sc-19, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, USA), anti-vSrc (MABS193, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) antibodies were used for immunoblotting.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Labeling, Stable Transfection, Transfection, Confocal Microscopy, Construct, Expressing, Fluorescence, Software, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Src family kinases interfere with dimerization of STAT5A through a phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interaction

doi: 10.1186/s12964-014-0081-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: STAT5A binds to the phosphorylated activation loop of SFK. (A) Domain structure of vSrc-dsRed. Selected amino acids are highlighted. A multiple sequence alignment of the activation loop of SFK is shown. Autophosphorylation site is highlighted (red). (*) conserved amino acids, (:) similar properties . Bold characters highlight peptide sequence used for precipitation. (B + C) HeLa T-REx FRT cells stably expressing STAT5A-eYFP were transfected with the indicated vSrc-dsRed variants. Phosphorylation was analyzed 24 h after transfection using antibodies against pY 416 -Src, Src, pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B and STAT5A. CTRL = untransfected cells. (D) Quantification of relative subcellular distribution of STAT5A in HeLa T-REx FRT stably expressing STAT5A-eYFP and the indicated vSrc-dsRed mutants. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of eYFP-fluorescence in the cytoplasm and nucleus were determined using the Zen 2012 software and changes in the ratio between the compartments were plotted. Data show means ± SD of n = 10 cells and were statistically evaluated by Student’s t -test. ***p < 0.0005, **p < 0.005, *p < 0.05, n.s. = not significant. (E) HeLa T-REx FRT cells stably expressing STAT5A-eYFP were transfected with vSrc K295N -dsRed or vSrc Y416F -dsRed. Subcellular distribution of STAT5A-eYFP was analyzed 24 h after transfection by confocal microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm. (F + G) HeLa T-REx FRT cells were co-transfected with plasmids coding for vSrc-dsRed (Hck-dsRed), vSrc K295N -dsRed (Hck K269N -dsRed) or vSrc Y416F -dsRed (Hck Y390F -dsRed) and STAT5A-eYFP. STAT5-eYFP was immunoprecipitated from cell lysates using a GFP antibody and analyzed by immunoblotting for the presence of vSrc-dsRed (Hck-dsRed) 24 h after transfection. Expression and phosphorylation of STAT5A and vSrc proteins was analyzed in the WCL using antibodies against pY 416 -Src, Src, Hck, pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B and GFP. (s) short exposure, (l) long exposure. (H) HeLa T-REx FRT cells expressing STAT5A-eYFP or STAT5A R618Q -eYFP were lysed and incubated with a Src-peptide containing tyrosine- or phosphotyrosine 416. Precipitates and WCL were analyzed by immunoblotting using a GFP-specific antibody.

Article Snippet: Anti-pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B (#9351), anti-pY 416 -Src (#2101), anti-pY 412 -Abl (#2865), anti-Hsp70 (#4872, Cell Signaling, Beverly, USA), anti-STAT5A (clone #5073, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was kindly provided by Richard Moriggl, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria), anti-GFP (600-103-215, Rockland, Gilbertsville, USA), anti-FLAG (F3165), anti-α-tubulin (T5168, Sigma, St. Louis, USA), anti-GAPDH (sc-32233), anti-Abl (sc-131), anti-Hck (sc-72), anti-cSrc (sc-19, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, USA), anti-vSrc (MABS193, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) antibodies were used for immunoblotting.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Sequencing, Stable Transfection, Expressing, Transfection, Fluorescence, Software, Confocal Microscopy, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Incubation

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Src family kinases interfere with dimerization of STAT5A through a phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interaction

doi: 10.1186/s12964-014-0081-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: SFK-mediated cytoplasmic localization of STAT5A is dominant over BCR-ABL induced nuclear accumulation. (A) HeLa T-REx BCR-ABL cells were transiently transfected with STAT5A-eYFP and either treated with 5 ng/ml doxycycline for 24 h to induce BCR-ABL expression (lower panel) or left untreated (upper panel). Fixation was performed with methanol. Fixed cells were stained for BCR-ABL using a cABL-specific primary antibody and a secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor-405. The subcellular distribution of STAT5A-eYFP was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm. (B) The subcellular distribution of STAT5A-eYFP was investigated in the presence of vSrc-dsRed (upper panel), vSrc K295N -dsRed (middle panel) or vSrc Y416F -dsRed (lower panel) in HeLa T-REx BCR-ABL cells that were treated with 5 ng/ml doxycycline for 24 h. Fixation was performed with methanol. Fixed cells were stained for BCR-ABL using an Abl-specific primary antibody and a secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor-405. Scale bars: 20 μm. (C) HeLa T-REx BCR-ABL cells were co-transfected with vSrc-dsRed, or the respective kinase activity affecting mutants vSrc K295N -dsRed or vSrc Y416F -dsRed and STAT5A-eYFP. The cells were either treated with 5 ng/ml doxycycline for 24 h (lanes 1–3) to induce the expression of BCR-ABL or left untreated (lane 4). Protein expression and phosphorylation in the cellular extracts was investigated by immunoblotting with antibodies against pY 412 -cABL, cABL, pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B, STAT5A, pY 416 -Src and Src. α-Tubulin served as a loading control.

Article Snippet: Anti-pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B (#9351), anti-pY 416 -Src (#2101), anti-pY 412 -Abl (#2865), anti-Hsp70 (#4872, Cell Signaling, Beverly, USA), anti-STAT5A (clone #5073, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was kindly provided by Richard Moriggl, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria), anti-GFP (600-103-215, Rockland, Gilbertsville, USA), anti-FLAG (F3165), anti-α-tubulin (T5168, Sigma, St. Louis, USA), anti-GAPDH (sc-32233), anti-Abl (sc-131), anti-Hck (sc-72), anti-cSrc (sc-19, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, USA), anti-vSrc (MABS193, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) antibodies were used for immunoblotting.

Techniques: Transfection, Expressing, Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Activity Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Src family kinases interfere with dimerization of STAT5A through a phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interaction

doi: 10.1186/s12964-014-0081-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding of STAT5A to Src kinases interferes with dimerization. (A) HeLa T-REx HA-EpoR cells stably expressing STAT5A-eYFP were transfected with STAT5A-FLAG. The cells were treated with 5 ng/ml doxyxcyline for 24 h to induce the expression of the HA-tagged EpoR and stimulated with 5 U/ml Epo for 30 minutes or left untreated. HeLa T-REx vSrc-dsRed cells stably expressing STAT5A-eYFP were transfected with STAT5A-FLAG. The expression of vSrc-dsRed was induced for 8 h with 5 ng/ml doxycycline or the cells were left untreated. STAT5A-eYFP was immunoprecipitated from cell lysates using a GFP antibody and analyzed by immunoblotting for the presence of STAT5A-FLAG. The expression and phosphorylation of STAT5A-eYFP and STAT5A-FLAG was analyzed in the WCL using antibodies against pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B, GFP and the FLAG-tag. (B) HeLa T-REx HA-EpoR cells stably expressing STAT5A-eYFP were treated with 5 ng/ml doxyxcyline for 24 h to induce the expression of the human EpoR and stimulated with 5 U/ml Epo for 30 minutes or left untreated. HeLa T-REx vSrc-dsRed cells stably expressing STAT5A-eYFP or a STAT5A S710F -eYFP were treated with 5 ng/ml doxyxcline for 8 h or the cells were left untreated. Cellular extracts were prepared under native conditions and STAT5A-eYFP dimers were separated from monomers by blue native PAGE electrophoresis (NP). STAT5A-eYFP dimer complexes were measured by the detection of the eYFP fluorescence. The cellular extracts were subjected to immunoblotting using antibodies against pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B, STAT5A, Src and the HA-tag of the EpoR. (C) Confocal microscopy analysis of HeLa T-REx FRT cells co-expressing vSrc-dsRed together with STAT5A S710F -eYFP (upper panel), a serine phosphorylation mimicking mutant STAT5A S710D -eYFP (middle panel) or a serine phosphorylation deficient mutant STAT5A S710A -eYFP (lower panel). Methanol fixation was performed 24 h after transfection. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Article Snippet: Anti-pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B (#9351), anti-pY 416 -Src (#2101), anti-pY 412 -Abl (#2865), anti-Hsp70 (#4872, Cell Signaling, Beverly, USA), anti-STAT5A (clone #5073, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was kindly provided by Richard Moriggl, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria), anti-GFP (600-103-215, Rockland, Gilbertsville, USA), anti-FLAG (F3165), anti-α-tubulin (T5168, Sigma, St. Louis, USA), anti-GAPDH (sc-32233), anti-Abl (sc-131), anti-Hck (sc-72), anti-cSrc (sc-19, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, USA), anti-vSrc (MABS193, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) antibodies were used for immunoblotting.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Stable Transfection, Expressing, Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, FLAG-tag, Blue Native PAGE, Electrophoresis, Fluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Mutagenesis

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Src family kinases interfere with dimerization of STAT5A through a phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interaction

doi: 10.1186/s12964-014-0081-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activated SFK interfere with dimerization and nuclear translocation of pSTAT5A in BCR-ABL expressing cells. Left scheme: Classical activation of the JAK2-STAT5A signaling pathway downstream of the EpoR. Right scheme: BCR-ABL directly phosphorylates STAT5A Y694 resulting in STAT5A dimerization, nuclear accumulation and finally target gene expression . In the presence of BCR-ABL, a predominantly cytoplasmic localization of pSTAT5A is achieved (i) upon binding to the scaffolding adaptor Gab2 resulting in pro-survival signaling through PI3K/Akt activation and (ii) through binding of the STAT5A SH2 domain to the phosphorylated activation loop of SFK, a mechanism that interferes with STAT5A dimerization and subsequent nuclear accumulation. Constitutively active STAT5A S710F escapes the SFK-mediated cytoplasmic retention. Flashes indicate phosphorylation events.

Article Snippet: Anti-pY 694/699 -STAT5A/B (#9351), anti-pY 416 -Src (#2101), anti-pY 412 -Abl (#2865), anti-Hsp70 (#4872, Cell Signaling, Beverly, USA), anti-STAT5A (clone #5073, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was kindly provided by Richard Moriggl, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria), anti-GFP (600-103-215, Rockland, Gilbertsville, USA), anti-FLAG (F3165), anti-α-tubulin (T5168, Sigma, St. Louis, USA), anti-GAPDH (sc-32233), anti-Abl (sc-131), anti-Hck (sc-72), anti-cSrc (sc-19, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, USA), anti-vSrc (MABS193, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) antibodies were used for immunoblotting.

Techniques: Translocation Assay, Expressing, Activation Assay, Binding Assay, Scaffolding