Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: The in vitro model that simulates the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in lung tissues of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum -infected chickens and determines a drug’s effect on the growth and susceptibility of M. gallisepticum . EC, external compartment; IC, internal compartment.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques: In Vitro, Drug discovery, Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time–killing studies of tilmicosin (as multiples of the MIC) against M. gallisepticum at constant concentrations. Data are presented as geometric means based on triplicates. MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; CFU, colony forming units.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: The best-fit curve obtained from the E max model of M. gallisepticum exposed to tilmicosin between 0 and 48 h. R 2 is the correlation coefficient. E max , sigmoid maximum effect.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dynamic time-killing curves were depicted at different concentrations of tilmicosin for the seven simulated doses. Data points represent geometric means of three experiments.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration–time curves of seven doses of tilmicosin according to the lung pharmacokinetic data of chickens in the in vitro dynamic model.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, In Vitro

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Main pharmacokinetic parameters of different tilmicosin dosages in the in vitro PK/PD model.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: The MIC of six antimicrobial agents against M. gallisepticum S6 and M1–M7 strains.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Emergence and Mechanism of Resistance of Tulathromycin Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a PK/PD Model and the Fitness Costs of 23S rRNA Mutants

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.801800

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC and MPC of four antibiotics against M. hyopneumoniae and mutants.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin 75.8%, tiamulin 99.0% and tylosin 82.6% were purchased from Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Guangdong, China).

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: The Epidemiologic and Pharmacodynamic Cutoff Values of Tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00385

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primary MIC distribution of tilmicosin against 103 Haemophilus parasuis isolates .

Article Snippet: According to the determined MIC of H. parasuis SH0165, agar plates were prepared with concentrations of tilmicosin (Dr. Ehrenstorfer standards, Augsburg, Germany)) ranging from 1/4 to 32 MIC.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: The Epidemiologic and Pharmacodynamic Cutoff Values of Tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00385

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cumulative MIC distribution of tilmicosin against H. parasuis after non-linear regression .

Article Snippet: According to the determined MIC of H. parasuis SH0165, agar plates were prepared with concentrations of tilmicosin (Dr. Ehrenstorfer standards, Augsburg, Germany)) ranging from 1/4 to 32 MIC.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: The Epidemiologic and Pharmacodynamic Cutoff Values of Tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00385

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optimum non-linear least squares regression fitting of pooled MICs (μg/mL) for tilmicosin and Haemophilus parasuis.

Article Snippet: According to the determined MIC of H. parasuis SH0165, agar plates were prepared with concentrations of tilmicosin (Dr. Ehrenstorfer standards, Augsburg, Germany)) ranging from 1/4 to 32 MIC.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: The Epidemiologic and Pharmacodynamic Cutoff Values of Tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00385

Figure Lengend Snippet: The in vitro time killing curve of tilmicosin against H. parasuis . Fixed concentration (10 6 CFU/mL) of H. parasuis was incubated with different concentration of tilmicosin (1/4 MIC, ½ MIC, ……, 32 MIC). The X-axis was the different time point and the Y-axis was log 10 transformed number of H. parasuis .

Article Snippet: According to the determined MIC of H. parasuis SH0165, agar plates were prepared with concentrations of tilmicosin (Dr. Ehrenstorfer standards, Augsburg, Germany)) ranging from 1/4 to 32 MIC.

Techniques: In Vitro, Concentration Assay, Incubation, Transformation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: The Epidemiologic and Pharmacodynamic Cutoff Values of Tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00385

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration-time curve of tilmicosin in plasma and in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) after oral administration at a single dose of 40 mg/kg to pigs ( n = 6). The concentration of tilmicosin in plasma was determined at 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h after drug administration. The concentration of tilmicosin in ELF was detected at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h post-drug administration.

Article Snippet: According to the determined MIC of H. parasuis SH0165, agar plates were prepared with concentrations of tilmicosin (Dr. Ehrenstorfer standards, Augsburg, Germany)) ranging from 1/4 to 32 MIC.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: The Epidemiologic and Pharmacodynamic Cutoff Values of Tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00385

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma and ELF after oral administration of tilmicosin at a single dose of 40 mg/kg.bw.

Article Snippet: According to the determined MIC of H. parasuis SH0165, agar plates were prepared with concentrations of tilmicosin (Dr. Ehrenstorfer standards, Augsburg, Germany)) ranging from 1/4 to 32 MIC.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Screening of antibiotic residues in raw bovine milk in Lombardy, Italy: Microbial growth inhibition assay and LC-HRMS technique integration for an accurate monitoring

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15395

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular formulas, retention times, adducts and monoisotopic exact masses of 62 analytes and deuterated internal standards used for LC-HRMS acquisition.

Article Snippet: , Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) , Tilmicosin , C46H80N2O13 , 13.6 , [M+2H] 2+ , 435.2903.

Techniques:

Journal: Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)

Article Title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Histophilus somni isolated from clinically affected cattle in Australia

doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.008

Figure Lengend Snippet: Disc diffusion distribution and susceptibility zones of 53 Histophilus somni isolates.

Article Snippet: Disc diffusion susceptibility testing was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of H. somni isolates against ceftiofur (30 μg), enrofloxacin (5 μg), florfenicol (30 μg), tilmicosin (15 μg) and tulathromycin (30 μg) according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines ( ).

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)

Article Title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Histophilus somni isolated from clinically affected cattle in Australia

doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.008

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of Australian isolates of Histophilus somni for (a) tetracycline, (b) tilmicosin and (c) tulathromycin. Solid line, resistant breakpoint; broken line, susceptible breakpoint. Isolates with a MIC value less than the lowest concentration tested have been given the value of the lowest concentration tested. Disc diffusion breakpoints for tetracycline are not available. Overlapping of data occurs at some points.

Article Snippet: Disc diffusion susceptibility testing was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of H. somni isolates against ceftiofur (30 μg), enrofloxacin (5 μg), florfenicol (30 μg), tilmicosin (15 μg) and tulathromycin (30 μg) according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines ( ).

Techniques: Comparison, Diffusion-based Assay, Concentration Assay