Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Emergence and Mechanism of Resistance of Tulathromycin Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a PK/PD Model and the Fitness Costs of 23S rRNA Mutants

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.801800

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC and MPC of four antibiotics against M. hyopneumoniae and mutants.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin 75.8%, tiamulin 99.0% and tylosin 82.6% were purchased from Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Guangdong, China).

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: The in vitro model that simulates the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in lung tissues of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum -infected chickens and determines a drug’s effect on the growth and susceptibility of M. gallisepticum . EC, external compartment; IC, internal compartment.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques: In Vitro, Drug discovery, Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time–killing studies of tilmicosin (as multiples of the MIC) against M. gallisepticum at constant concentrations. Data are presented as geometric means based on triplicates. MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; CFU, colony forming units.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: The best-fit curve obtained from the E max model of M. gallisepticum exposed to tilmicosin between 0 and 48 h. R 2 is the correlation coefficient. E max , sigmoid maximum effect.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dynamic time-killing curves were depicted at different concentrations of tilmicosin for the seven simulated doses. Data points represent geometric means of three experiments.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration–time curves of seven doses of tilmicosin according to the lung pharmacokinetic data of chickens in the in vitro dynamic model.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, In Vitro

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Main pharmacokinetic parameters of different tilmicosin dosages in the in vitro PK/PD model.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670

Figure Lengend Snippet: The MIC of six antimicrobial agents against M. gallisepticum S6 and M1–M7 strains.

Article Snippet: Tilmicosin (80.04%), tylosin (82.6%), erythromycin (85.0%), tiamulin (99.0%), doxycycline (85.8%), and enrofloxacin (99.0%) were kindly supplied by Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products (Xincheng, China); and amikacin (99.0%) and lincomycin (84.6%) were purchased from Guangdong Puboxing Animal Health Products, and stored at −80°C before using.

Techniques:

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of various antimicrobials against field mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae isolates in Egypt

doi: 10.3382/ps/pez576

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of initial and final MIC ranges (μg/mL) of the isolated M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae isolates with the suggested non-official breakpoints

Article Snippet: The following 8 antibiotic agents of 5 different groups; macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, lincosamide, and pleuromutilins were used for the susceptibility tests: tylvalosin (Pharmgate Animal Health Canada, Inc), tilmicosin (ELANCO, Geneva), tylosin (ELANCO, USA), enrofloxacin (INVESA, Spain), doxycycline (Oxoid, UK), chlortetracycline (Oxoid, UK), lincomycin (Oxoid, UK), and tiamulin (Sandoz GmbH, Basel, Switzerland).

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Isolation of coagulase-positive staphylococci from bitches’ colostrum and milk and genetic typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains

doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0490-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (Kirby Bauer method): results of methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains

Article Snippet: Discs of penicillin G (10 IU), ampicillin (10 μg), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20 + 10 μg), oxacillin (1 μg), cefalotin (30 μg), spiramycin (100 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), tilmicosin (15 μg), tylosin (30 μg), enrofloxacin (5 μg), licosamides (clindamycin CC 2 μg), tiamulin (30 μg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25 + 23.75 μg) (BD BBL, New Jersey, USA), and cefquinone (30 μg) (Oxoid Ltd, Basingstoke, UK) were used for the antimicrobial sensitivity test.

Techniques: