Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Phase Separation-based Antiviral Decoy Particles as Basis for Programmable Broad-spectrum Therapeutics

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.28.610020

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Scheme of assay: ACE2 labelled with an mCherry fluorescent protein and fused to tdPCP is incubated with a slncRNA cassette, encoding for multiple PCP-binding hairpins. 1h post incubation, an sfGFP-labelled RBD is added, facilitating FRET with the mCherry-labelled ACE2 proteins bound to the slncRNA granules. (B) (Left) Representative image of ACE2 granules in a typical field of view. Scalebar: 5µm. (Right) Enlarged images highlighted by white squares on the left. (Right-top) protein only condensate. (Right-bottom) An sRNP granule of protein co-localized with slncRNA. Scalebar for enlarged images 1µm and 2µm for top and bottom, respectively. (C) Correlation between mCherry and AF405 signals intensities of 339 mCherry-positive events. Representative events – see 1 and 2 from panel B and Supplementary Figure 2A. (D) (Left) Representative image of ACE granules together with RBD (green label). Scalebar: 5µm. (Right) Enlarged images highlighted by white squares on the left showing typical triple labelled structures. Scalebar: 5µm. (E-F) FRET intensity signal (E) and FRET efficiency (F) measured for the highlighted granule structures shown in . ( G) Putative green-red FRET excitation events obtained for various RBD concentrations. (H-I) (Left) Images of triple-labelled granules, FRET intensity and FET efficiency, and (right) putative intensity of FRET excitation events obtained for the non-dimerizing ACE2 (Δ616-726) (h) and the non-RBD-binding missense ACE2 mutant (D355A) (I).

Article Snippet: The enzyme was then heat-inactivated by incubating the restriction reaction at 65 °C for 20 min. For fluorescently labeled RNA, 1µg of the restriction product was used as template for in vitro transcription using HighYield T7 Alexafluor-405 (AF405) RNA labeling kit (Jena Bioscience, cat. RNT-101-AF405), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Incubation, Binding Assay, Mutagenesis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Phase Separation-based Antiviral Decoy Particles as Basis for Programmable Broad-spectrum Therapeutics

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.28.610020

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Predicted AlphaFold structure for LAMP1-mCherry-tdPCP. Black, red, and green are LAMP1, mCherry, and tdPCP, respectively. Putative sialylation sites are marked by light-blue shading (asparagine residues in an N-X-S/T motif), yellow (serine residue), and magenta (threonine residue). (B) Typical field-of-view of SNA-LAMP1 granule biocondensate divided into the individual channels. (Top-left) protein (mCherry). (Top-right) SNA (AF488). (Bottom-left) slncRNA (AF405). (Bottom-right) Merged panel with all three images overlayed. (Top-set) No SNA added (scalebar: 5µm FoV, 1µm enlargement). (Bottom-set) High SNA concentration (scalebar: 5µm). (C) Box-plot distributions for D RNA for each candidate sialoprotein. The mean of each distribution is marked by red circle. Low and high SNA concentrations were set at below 1µg/ml (molar ratio of ∼1 SNA : 50 sialoproteins) and above 50µg/ml (molar ratio of ∼3 SNA : 2 sialoproteins), respectively. (D) Plot showing ΔD avg as a function of putative sialylated sited. ΔD avg is defined as the difference between the high and low mean D RNA values obtained for each protein in panel C. Color and size of dot correspond to the student t-test p-value computed for each panel in .

Article Snippet: The enzyme was then heat-inactivated by incubating the restriction reaction at 65 °C for 20 min. For fluorescently labeled RNA, 1µg of the restriction product was used as template for in vitro transcription using HighYield T7 Alexafluor-405 (AF405) RNA labeling kit (Jena Bioscience, cat. RNT-101-AF405), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Residue, Concentration Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Phase Separation-based Antiviral Decoy Particles as Basis for Programmable Broad-spectrum Therapeutics

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.28.610020

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Typical field-of-view of SNA-LAMP1 granule biocondensate divided into individual channels. (Top-left) protein (mCherry). (Top-right) SNA (AF488). (Bottom-left) slncRNA (AF405). (Bottom-right) Merged panel with all three images overlayed. Scalebar: 5µm. (B) Close-up on the two features highlighted in panel a displayed via the same three separated channels and merged image. Scalebar: 5μm. (C) LAMP1 dose-response curves for RNA-displacement (blue), SNA binding to protein (green), and triple colocalized biocondensate structures (purple). (Left) decision tree used to classify the different structures. (D) Dose responses (see Supplementary Figure S7B) displayed as a normalized heatmap for SNA binding (top) and RNA displacement (bottom). Each row was normalized by its maximum value. (E) Plot of the combined agglutination score for each candidate sialoprotein as a function of the number of putative sialylation site showing a strong linear dependence. Each score is the summation of three separate values: ΔD RNA, ΔΔG SNA binding , and ΔΔG RNA displacement (see methods and text for definitions).

Article Snippet: The enzyme was then heat-inactivated by incubating the restriction reaction at 65 °C for 20 min. For fluorescently labeled RNA, 1µg of the restriction product was used as template for in vitro transcription using HighYield T7 Alexafluor-405 (AF405) RNA labeling kit (Jena Bioscience, cat. RNT-101-AF405), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Agglutination

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Restoring Shugoshin 1 reduces chromosome errors in human eggs

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.08.698387

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative immunofluorescence images showing the localization nascent transcripts (EU, green) inside the nucleus (blue) of early GV oocytes. Images show EU levels in negative control (no EU), control (with EU), upon treatment with α-amanitin, and triptolide. Scale bar: 10 µm. (B) Frequency of PSSC with α-amanitin measured by scoring the percentage of eggs with PSSC, similar to levels observed with triptolide . Plots show number of eggs analyzed on top. Statistical significance is measured by Fisher’s exact test, ns = not significant. (C) Representative time-lapse images showing the localization of MajSat RNA in GV and MI oocytes and MII eggs upon microinjection of GV oocytes with UTP-X-Cy3 labeled MajSat (top panel) and control (bottom panel) RNA. MajSat RNA localizes to the pericentromeres during metaphase I and metaphase II stages along with foci present in the cytoplasm. Cy3-labeled control RNA localizes only in the cytoplasm and not on chromosomes. MajSat and control RNA (green), chromosomes (H2B-SNAP, blue) are shown. Scale bars: 10 µm. (D) Co-localization of MajSat RNA and SGO1 observed on metaphase I chromosome spreads upon performing RNA FISH with immunofluorescence. Scale bar: 10 µm.

Article Snippet: The HighYield T7 Cy3 RNA Labelling Kit (Jena Bioscience, #RNT-101-CY3) was used to label amplified sequences with Cy3-labelled UTP (UTP-X-Cy3, 35%), followed by DNA removal using TurboTM DNAse (ThermoFisher).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Negative Control, Control, Microinjection, Labeling