Journal: Human Molecular Genetics

Article Title: Coenzyme Q10 modulates sulfide metabolism and links the mitochondrial respiratory chain to pathways associated to one carbon metabolism

doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa214

Figure Lengend Snippet: CoQ 10 supplementation induces changes in pathways that are direct or indirectly related to sulfide metabolism. ( A and B ) Results of the pathway analysis showing the canonical pathways most enriched in the differentially expressed gene list of the CoQ 10 treated cells dataset. The pathways related to sulfide metabolism are indicated by a brown square or a purple arrow. (A) Analysis of the control cells. (B) Analysis of the NDUFS1 mutant cells. ( C ) Pathways related to sulfide metabolism. SQOR, the first enzyme in the mitochondrial hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway, is the target of CoQ 10 .

Article Snippet: Amplification of human genes SQOR (Hs01126963_m1), CBS (Hs01598251_m1), CSE (Hs00542284_m1), TST (Hs00361812_m1), SUOX (Hs00166578_m1), PSAT1 (Hs00795278_mH), MTHFD2L (Hs01017321_m1), CMPK2 (Hs01013364_m1), EIF2AK2 (Hs00169345_m) and the human GADPH probe, as a standard loading control (Hs99999905_m1), was performed using quantitative real-time PCR, specific Taqman probes (from Applied Biosystems) and the standard curve method.

Techniques: Control, Mutagenesis

Journal: Human Molecular Genetics

Article Title: Coenzyme Q10 modulates sulfide metabolism and links the mitochondrial respiratory chain to pathways associated to one carbon metabolism

doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa214

Figure Lengend Snippet: The levels of SQOR are modified under mitochondrial dysfunction or CoQ 10 supplementation, independently of sulfur amino acids availability. ( A – D ) Levels of the proteins of the mitochondrial hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway in human skin fibroblasts from control and patients with mutations in Complex I subunits or CoQ 10 biosynthetic genes. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; differences versus Control. + P < 0.05; ++ P < 0.01; +++ P < 0.001; Control versus Control + CoQ 10 or Complex I deficiency versus Complex I deficiency + CoQ 10 or CoQ 10 deficiency versus CoQ 10 deficiency + CoQ 10 ( t -test; n = 3 for each group; n = 3 for each group). C, control; S1, NDUFS1 mutant; B3, NDUFB3 mutant; S3, NDUFS3 mutant; ND6, ND6 mutant; PDSS2, PDSS2 mutant; CI Def, cells with Complex I deficiency; CoQ Def, cells with CoQ 10 deficiency; Q, CoQ 10 ; -SAA, medium without sulfur aminoacids. The blot image (A) has been made from three different membranes, as follow: blot 1, control and PDSS 2; blot 2, NDUFS1 and ND 6; blot 3, NDUFB3 . ( E ) Levels of SQOR in the liver of C57bl6j mice supplemented with ubiquinol-10 for 1 month. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; WT versus WT + CoQ 10 H 2 ( t -test; n = 4 for each group). ( F ) Levels of SQOR in the brain of Ndufs4 −/− mice. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; Ndufs4 +/+ versus Ndufs4 −/− ( t -test; n = 5 for each group). ( G ) Levels of SQOR in the kidneys of Coq9 R239X with vehicle, NAC or under SAAR. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; differences versus Coq9 +/+ ( t -test; n = 3 for each group; n = 3–5 for each group).

Article Snippet: Amplification of human genes SQOR (Hs01126963_m1), CBS (Hs01598251_m1), CSE (Hs00542284_m1), TST (Hs00361812_m1), SUOX (Hs00166578_m1), PSAT1 (Hs00795278_mH), MTHFD2L (Hs01017321_m1), CMPK2 (Hs01013364_m1), EIF2AK2 (Hs00169345_m) and the human GADPH probe, as a standard loading control (Hs99999905_m1), was performed using quantitative real-time PCR, specific Taqman probes (from Applied Biosystems) and the standard curve method.

Techniques: Modification, Control, Mutagenesis

Journal: Human Molecular Genetics

Article Title: Coenzyme Q10 modulates sulfide metabolism and links the mitochondrial respiratory chain to pathways associated to one carbon metabolism

doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa214

Figure Lengend Snippet: CoQ 10 regulates the enzymes of transsulfuration pathway independently of sulfur amino acids availability. ( A – D ) Levels of the proteins of the transsulfuration pathway in human skin fibroblasts from control and patients with mutations in Complex I subunits or CoQ 10 biosynthetic genes. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; differences versus Control. + P < 0.05; ++ P < 0.01; +++ P < 0.001; Control versus Control + CoQ 10 or Complex I deficiency versus Complex I deficiency + CoQ 10 or CoQ 10 deficiency versus CoQ 10 deficiency + CoQ 10 ( t -test; n = 3 for each group; n = 3 for each group). C, control; S1, NDUFS1 mutant; B3, NDUFB3 mutant; S3, NDUFS3 mutant; ND6, ND6 mutant; PDSS2, PDSS2 mutant; CI Def, cells with Complex I deficiency; CoQ Def, cells with CoQ 10 deficiency; Q, CoQ 10 ; -SAA, medium without sulfur aminoacids. The blot image (A) has been made from three different membranes, as follow: blot 1, control and PDSS 2; blot 2, NDUFS1 and ND 6; blot 3, NDUFB3 . ( E ) Levels of CBS in the liver of C57bl6j mice supplemented with ubiquinol-10 for 1 month. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; WT versus WT + CoQ 10 H 2 ( t -test; n = 4 for each group). ( F ) Levels of CBS in the brain of Ndufs4 −/− mice. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; Ndufs4 +/+ versus Ndufs4 −/− ( t -test; n = 5 for each group). ( G ) Levels of SQOR in the kidneys of Coq9 R239X with vehicle, NAC or under SAAR. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; differences versus Coq9 +/+ ( t -test; n = 3 for each group; n = 3–5 for each group).

Article Snippet: Amplification of human genes SQOR (Hs01126963_m1), CBS (Hs01598251_m1), CSE (Hs00542284_m1), TST (Hs00361812_m1), SUOX (Hs00166578_m1), PSAT1 (Hs00795278_mH), MTHFD2L (Hs01017321_m1), CMPK2 (Hs01013364_m1), EIF2AK2 (Hs00169345_m) and the human GADPH probe, as a standard loading control (Hs99999905_m1), was performed using quantitative real-time PCR, specific Taqman probes (from Applied Biosystems) and the standard curve method.

Techniques: Control, Mutagenesis

Journal: Human Molecular Genetics

Article Title: Coenzyme Q10 modulates sulfide metabolism and links the mitochondrial respiratory chain to pathways associated to one carbon metabolism

doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa214

Figure Lengend Snippet: CoQ 10 indirectly regulates the transsulfuration pathway through SQOR. ( A – C ) Effect of genetic overexpression of SQOR in the expression levels of the genes SQOR , CBS and CSE . ( D – G ) Effect of genetic overexpression of SQOR in the levels of the proteins SQOR, CBS and CSE. ( H – K ) Effect of genetic overexpression of SQOR in the expression levels of the genes PSAT1 , MTHFD2L , CMPK2 and EIF2AK2 . C, control; B3, NDUFB3 mutant; S1, NDUFS1 mutant; NT, non-transduced; T-SQOR, lentiviral vector containing SQOR cDNA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; * * P < 0.01; * * * P < 0.001; differences versus Control NT. + P < 0.05; ++ P < 0.01; +++ P < 0.001; Control NT versus Control T-SQOR or Complex I deficiency NT versus Complex I deficiency T-SQOR or CoQ 10 deficiency NT versus CoQ 10 deficiency T-SQOR ( t -test; n = 3 for each group; n = 3–4 for each group).

Article Snippet: Amplification of human genes SQOR (Hs01126963_m1), CBS (Hs01598251_m1), CSE (Hs00542284_m1), TST (Hs00361812_m1), SUOX (Hs00166578_m1), PSAT1 (Hs00795278_mH), MTHFD2L (Hs01017321_m1), CMPK2 (Hs01013364_m1), EIF2AK2 (Hs00169345_m) and the human GADPH probe, as a standard loading control (Hs99999905_m1), was performed using quantitative real-time PCR, specific Taqman probes (from Applied Biosystems) and the standard curve method.

Techniques: Over Expression, Expressing, Control, Mutagenesis, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70285

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSS‐induced acute UC significantly reduced SQOR levels. (A) C57BL/6 mice were treated with 3% DSS or water for 7 days, representative immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of SQOR in the colon, red arrows indicated intestinal epithelial cells (scale bar: 200 µm; enlarged scale bar: 100 µm; n = 3). (B, C) Mice were treated with 3% DSS for 7 days, and then colon was prepared to detect SQOR expression using western blot ( n = 4). (D, E) Mice were treated with 3% DSS for 3, 5, and 7 days, representative photograph of colon tissue during DSS‐induced acute UC in colon tissue of WT mice, and the colon length was recorded at days 0, 3, 5, 7 ( n = 3). (F, G) Relative SQOR protein expression in colonic tissues from controls or DSS‐treated WT mice during days 0, 3, 5, 7 using western blot ( n = 3). The data were represented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ns, no significant difference.

Article Snippet: SiRNA‐ SQOR and negative control (NC) siRNA were purchased from Genepharma (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70285

Figure Lengend Snippet: SQOR deficiency in the intestinal epithelial cells exacerbates DSS‐induced UC. (A) Western blot analysis of SQOR level in intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice ( n = 3). (B) Immunofluorescence analysis of SQOR (green), Villin (red), and DAPI (blue) in the mouse colonic section was determined by immunofluorescence staining (scale bar: 100 µm; n = 3). (C, D) Daily body weight changes and DAI of Sqor FL/FL and SQOR CKO mice treated with 3% DSS. (E, F) A representative photograph of colon of Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice on day 7 after DSS treated or not, and the colon length was recorded. (G, H) The histological analysis of colon sections was performed H&E staining from Sqor FL/FL and SQOR CKO mice after DSS treated or not (scale bar: 200 µm; enlarged scale bar: 100 µm), histological scores from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 3). (I, J) Apoptotic cells in colonic sections as determined by TUNEL assay (scale bar: 200 µm; n = 3). (K) Cytokines and chemokines mRNA levels in colon tissues from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not. The data were represented as mean ± SD. n = 6 mice per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ns, no significant difference.

Article Snippet: SiRNA‐ SQOR and negative control (NC) siRNA were purchased from Genepharma (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, TUNEL Assay

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70285

Figure Lengend Snippet: SQOR deficiency reduces intestinal barrier function in DSS‐induced acute UC in mice. (A) FITC‐dextran of serum determined intestinal permeability from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 4). (B) Representative TEM images of tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treatment or not, white arrows indicating tight junctions. (C, D) The occludin in the mouse colon sections was determined by immunofluorescence staining from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not (scale bar: 200 µm). (E, F) The ZO‐1 in the mouse colon sections was determined by immunofluorescence staining from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not (scale bar: 200 µm). The data were represented as mean ± SD. n = 3 per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ns, no significant difference.

Article Snippet: SiRNA‐ SQOR and negative control (NC) siRNA were purchased from Genepharma (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Permeability, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70285

Figure Lengend Snippet: SQOR deficiency drives mitochondrial damage in intestinal epithelial cells. (A) Representative mitochondria images of DSS‐stimulated intestinal epithelial cells by TEM from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not, red arrows indicate damaged mitochondria (scale bar: 5 µm; enlarged scale bar: 500 nm; n = 3). (B) Percentage of damaged mitochondria ( n = 3). (C) Detection of the mRNA levels of Atp5a1, Cox4i1, Uqcrc1, and Ndufab1 in intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 5). (D) The mtDNA copy number in intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 6). (E) The ATP level in intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 4). The data were represented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ns, no significant difference.

Article Snippet: SiRNA‐ SQOR and negative control (NC) siRNA were purchased from Genepharma (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70285

Figure Lengend Snippet: SQOR maintains mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis. (A) Mito‐Tracker was employed to mark mitochondria in NCM460 cells with transfected siRNA‐ SQOR or NC siRNA in the presence or absence of DSS (scale bar: 20 µm; enlarged scale bar: 5 µm). (B) Representative TEM of mitochondria images in intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not, red lines represent mitochondrial length measurements. (C) Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial length in TEM images. (D, E) Western blot analysis of SQOR and DRP1 in intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not. (F, G) The DRP1 in the mouse colon sections was determined by immunofluorescence staining from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not (scale bar: 100 µm). The data were represented as mean ± SD. n = 3 per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. ns, no significant difference.

Article Snippet: SiRNA‐ SQOR and negative control (NC) siRNA were purchased from Genepharma (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Transfection, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70285

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intestinal epithelial cell function is associated with ROS. (A) Detection of ROS level in intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 4). (B) GSH/GSSG ratio in intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 6). (C) The mRNA levels of PGC1α, Nrf1, and Tfam in mouse intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 6). (D) The mRNA levels of Gpx, Trx2, and Sod2 in mouse intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 4). (E) The mRNA levels of Ucp2, Ucp4, and Ucp5 in mouse intestinal epithelial cells from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice after DSS treated or not ( n = 3). The data were represented as mean ± SD. n = 6 per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: SiRNA‐ SQOR and negative control (NC) siRNA were purchased from Genepharma (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Cell Function Assay

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70285

Figure Lengend Snippet: NAC alleviates DSS‐induced colitis model. (A) Daily DAI of Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO colitis mice treated with NAC. (B, C) A representative photograph of colon of Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice colitis mice treated with NAC, and the colon length was recorded. (D, E) The histological analysis of colon sections was performed H&E staining from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice treated with NAC (scale bar: 100 µm), histological scores from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice treated with NAC ( n = 3). (F, G) Cytokines and chemokines mRNA levels in colon tissues from Sqor FL/FL and Sqor CKO mice treated with NAC ( n = 3). The data were represented as mean ± SD. n = 6 mice per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ns, no significant difference.

Article Snippet: SiRNA‐ SQOR and negative control (NC) siRNA were purchased from Genepharma (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70285

Figure Lengend Snippet: A proposed mechanism by which SQOR alleviated DSS‐induced acute UC by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction.

Article Snippet: SiRNA‐ SQOR and negative control (NC) siRNA were purchased from Genepharma (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of SQOR involvement in ferroptosis resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in hypoxic environments

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513589

Figure Lengend Snippet: The workflow of our study. (A) TCGA, GTEx and GEO datasets were downloaded for bioinformatics analysis. Hypoxia scores were calculated using the “progeny” package. (B) Construct a MIL-based hypoxia discrimination model and interpret it at slide level, tile level and cell level. (C) The relationship between hypoxia, SQOR and ferroptosis was investigated by transcriptomics, pathomics, proteomics, drug sensitivity, clinical data analysis and in vitro experiments. TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; GTEx, Genotype-Tissue Expression; scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq; MIL, multi-instance learning; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; ROI, region-of-interest.

Article Snippet: Lentiviral packaged shRNA targeting SQOR for SQOR knockdown, as well as the control lentiviral empty vector, are both purchased from Shanghai Genechem Company Limited (GeneChem, China).

Techniques: Construct, In Vitro, Expressing, RNA Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of SQOR involvement in ferroptosis resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in hypoxic environments

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513589

Figure Lengend Snippet: SQOR may be involved in PDAC progression in a hypoxic microenvironment. (A) Differences in the distribution of SQOR between low and high hypoxic tissues in the TCGA-PAAD dataset (Wilcoxon rank sum test). (B) Differences in the distribution of SQOR in normal and tumor tissues in the bulk dataset at the pan-cancer level (Wilcoxon rank sum test). (C) Differences in the distribution of SQOR in pancreatic normal epithelial and tumor cells at the single-cell level (Wilcoxon rank sum test). (D) UMAP plot of SQOR in normal and tumor epithelial cells of the pancreas. (E) KM survival analysis of SQOR for the TCGA-PAAD dataset (Log-rank test). (F) KM survival analysis of SQOR for the GSE183795 dataset (Log-rank test). (G) Univariate Cox analysis of SQOR in pan-cancer. (H) RT-qPCR results of SQOR of BxPC3 and PANC1 cells under normal and hypoxia conditions (Student’s t-test). (I) Counting results of SQOR IHC staining of tumor samples and normal samples from clinical samples (McNemar test). (J) SQOR IHC staining results of normal pancreatic ductal tissue. (K) SQOR IHC staining results of PDAC (red: SQOR IHC-positive cells, blue: SQOR IHC-negative cells). ns, P≥ 0.05; *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001; ****, P<0.0001. PDAC, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; KM, Kaplan-Meier; IHC, immunohistochemistry; RT-qPCR, Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay; KICH, Kidney Chromophobe; THCA, Thyroid carcinoma; PRAD, Prostate adenocarcinoma; CESC, Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma; LGG, Brain Lower Grade Glioma; ACC, Adrenocortical carcinoma; LIHC, Liver hepatocellular carcinoma; MESO, Mesothelioma; KIRP, Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma; SARC, Sarcoma; PAAD, Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; BRCA, Breast invasive carcinoma; LUAD, Lung adenocarcinoma; COAD, Colon adenocarcinoma; UVM, Uveal Melanoma; GBM, Glioblastoma multiforme; BLCA, Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma; STAD, Stomach adenocarcinoma; OV, Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma; TGCT, Testicular Germ Cell Tumors; UCS, Uterine Carcinosarcoma; HNSC, Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma; CHOL, Cholangiocarcinoma; THYM, Thymoma; UCEC, Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma; LAML, Acute Myeloid Leukemia; PCPG, Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma; ESCA, Esophageal carcinoma; KIRC, Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; SKCM, Skin Cutaneous Melanoma; LUSC, Lung squamous cell carcinoma; READ, Rectum adenocarcinoma; DLBC, Lymphoid Neoplasm Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Article Snippet: Lentiviral packaged shRNA targeting SQOR for SQOR knockdown, as well as the control lentiviral empty vector, are both purchased from Shanghai Genechem Company Limited (GeneChem, China).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of SQOR involvement in ferroptosis resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in hypoxic environments

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513589

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spatial co-localization of hypoxia and SQOR expression. (A) Spatial localization of SQOR and hypoxia in GSM749817 samples. (B) Spatial localization of SQOR and hypoxia in GSM749811 samples. (C) Heatmap of clinical samples. (D) Original pathological images of clinical samples. (E) SQOR IHC staining results of high attention weighted regions (red: SQOR IHC-positive cells, blue: SQOR IHC-negative cells). (F) SQOR IHC staining results of low attention weighted regions (red: SQOR IHC-positive cells, blue: SQOR IHC-negative cells). IHC, immunohistochemistry.

Article Snippet: Lentiviral packaged shRNA targeting SQOR for SQOR knockdown, as well as the control lentiviral empty vector, are both purchased from Shanghai Genechem Company Limited (GeneChem, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of SQOR involvement in ferroptosis resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in hypoxic environments

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513589

Figure Lengend Snippet: High SQOR expression promotes ferroptosis resistance of PDAC cells in hypoxic microenvironments. (A) Correlation analysis of SQOR with multiple pathways/genes set scores including hypoxia and ferroptosis resistance in the bulk dataset at the pan-cancer level (Spearman correlation). (B) IC50 correlation analysis of SQOR with ROS inducers (darinaparsin, BRD-K94991378, BRD-K71935468) and ferroptosis inducers (erastin, 1S,3R-RSL-3, ML162, ML210) (Spearman correlation). (C) The SQOR knockdown PANC1 cell line was validated by western blot (Student’s t-test). (D) SQOR knockdown PANC1 cell line validated by RT-qPCR (Student’s t-test). (E) The SQOR knockdown BxPC3 cell line was validated by western blot (Student’s t-test). (F) SQOR knockdown BxPC3 cell line validated by RT-qPCR (Student’s t-test). (G) Cell viability assay of SQOR knockdown and non-knockdown PANC1 cells in control, plus erastin and plus erastin+Fer-1 groups (Student’s t-test). (H) Cell viability assay of SQOR knockdown and non-knockdown BxPC3 cells in control, plus erastin and plus erastin+Fer-1 groups (Student’s t-test). (I) Cell migration capacity assay of SQOR knockdown and non-knockdown PANC1 cells in control, plus erastin and plus erastin+Fer-1 groups (Student’s t-test). (J) Cell migration capacity assay of SQOR knockdown and non-knockdown BxPC3 cells in control, plus erastin and plus erastin+Fer-1 groups (Student’s t-test). (K) MDA levels were assayed in SQOR knockdown and non-knockdown PANC1 cells in control, plus erastin and plus erastin+Fer-1 groups (Student’s t-test). (L) MDA levels were assayed in SQOR knockdown and non-knockdown BxPC3 cells in control, plus erastin and plus erastin+Fer-1 groups (Student’s t-test). ns, P≥ 0.05; *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. PDAC, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas; ROS, oxygen species; RT-qPCR, Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay; MDA, Malondialdehyde.

Article Snippet: Lentiviral packaged shRNA targeting SQOR for SQOR knockdown, as well as the control lentiviral empty vector, are both purchased from Shanghai Genechem Company Limited (GeneChem, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Viability Assay, Control, Migration, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of SQOR involvement in ferroptosis resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in hypoxic environments

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513589

Figure Lengend Snippet: SQOR inhibitor and ferroptosis inducer have synergistic ferroptosis induction in vivo . (A) Tumor images in mice. (B) Tumor growth curves in mice. (C) Analysis of tumor weights in mice. (D) Body weight change curves in mice. (E) H&E staining of pathological sections of mice tumors. (F) Mechanistic diagram of the promotion of ferroptosis resistance by SQOR in PDAC cells under hypoxia. ns, P≥ 0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. PDAC, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.

Article Snippet: Lentiviral packaged shRNA targeting SQOR for SQOR knockdown, as well as the control lentiviral empty vector, are both purchased from Shanghai Genechem Company Limited (GeneChem, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining