Journal: Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

Article Title: Low‐Salt Diet Induces Claudin‐3 Expression and Drives Adaptive Changes in Collecting Duct of Claudin‐3‐Deficient Mice

doi: 10.1111/apha.70216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Segmental analysis of sodium transporters and claudins along the nephron in claudin‐3 knockout mice under normal sodium intake. Wild‐type (WT) and claudin‐3 knockout (Claudin‐3 KO) mice were maintained on a normal‐sodium diet (0.18% Na + ; NSD). (A) Representative Western blots showing the expression of the Na + /H + exchanger 3 (NHE3), the Na + –K + –2Cl − cotransporter (NKCC2), the thiazide‐sensitive sodium‐chloride cotransporter (NCC), full‐length and cleaved forms of the α‐ and γ‐subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), β‐ENaC, pendrin, and tight junction claudins (claudin‐2, claudin‐3, claudin‐4, claudin‐7, claudin‐8, and claudin‐10) in the renal cortex of wild‐type and claudin‐3 knockout mice. (B) Densitometric quantification of protein abundance normalized to E‐cadherin from at least five animals per group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U ‐test. Data are presented as mean ± SD. kDa: kilodaltons; OD: optical density.

Article Snippet: NHE3 , Mouse , 1/500 , , StressMarq , SPC‐400.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Expressing, Quantitative Proteomics, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Host biological sex directs immune control of the Plasmodium parasite liver stage in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1734587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sex bias in survival of Plasmodium yoelii infection in BALB/cJ mice. (a) Schematic of male (M), female (F), and orchiectomized male (ORX) BALB/cJ mice infected with 1x10 5 Py -WT spz intravenously (IV) and harvested at 12, 24, and 44 hours post infection (hpi). (b) Livers were excised for absolute pan- Plasmodium 18S rRNA quantification at 12 hpi, 24 hpi and 44 hpi. (c) Density of liver stage parasites per area of liver tissue quantified by microscopic counting at 24 hpi (left) and 44 hpi (right). (d) The size of liver stage parasites was quantified based on area of HSP70 stain with fluorescence microscopy at 24 hpi (left) and 44 hpi (right). Data are shown from two independent experiments (n= 6–8 mice). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison. Error bar represents mean ± s.e.m; box plot depicts median with interquartile range. ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, ns p≥0.05.

Article Snippet: Slides were stained overnight in morphology marker Pf HSP70 antibody (Rabbit polyclonal, 1:42 dilution, StressMarq #SPC-186D), washed twice with 2X SSC for 5 minutes, and detected with a 1 hour incubation in secondary antibody conjugated to AlexaFluor 647 (Goat polyclonal, 1:200 dilution, Jackson ImmunoResearch #111-605-144).

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Host biological sex directs immune control of the Plasmodium parasite liver stage in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1734587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Digital spatial profiling facilitates evaluation of transcriptomes in Plasmodium yoelii infected tissues. (a) The workflow to evaluate fixed liver samples from BALB/cJ mice infected with Py sporozoites. 1) Biopsies from 18 mice were fixed and assembled to evaluate mice challenged with 3x10 5 Py spz IV (3 per group) or mock infected (3 per group) in three groups, adult female (F), male (M), and orchiectomized male (ORX) mice. 2) Liver sections were stained with anti-ASS1, anti-SYTO83, and anti-HSP70 to visualize the liver zone and the presence of Plasmodium parasites and then hybridized with a >19,000 RNA probe panel targeting mouse genes for GeoMX assay. 3 - 4) Region of interests (ROIs) were selected based on the infection status of the mouse and the zonal location of the parasite. To ensure representation from each zone, at least 3 ROIs were selected per infection type (bystander, parasite, mock) and per liver zone (PC, IZ, PP). 5) Targeted extraction of whole transcriptomes within each region enables evaluation of different regions from mouse groups. 6) Computationally dissect the key differences underlying response to infection by biological sex and hormone status. * Py spz samples had 3 ROIs per infection type and mock samples had 2 each. **Up to 3 zones were captured if enough parasites were present at time of collection. Created with BioRender.com . (b) The normalized and batch-corrected data were embedded in Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) space and colored by clusters identified through unsupervised clustering and phenotypes. (c) Proportion of ROIs of annotated conditions (infection status, sex and hormone status, and zonal location) within clusters identified in (b, d). Heat map of top 10 most significant genes (with a |Log 2 Fold Change| > 1) associated with each cluster identified in b.

Article Snippet: Slides were stained overnight in morphology marker Pf HSP70 antibody (Rabbit polyclonal, 1:42 dilution, StressMarq #SPC-186D), washed twice with 2X SSC for 5 minutes, and detected with a 1 hour incubation in secondary antibody conjugated to AlexaFluor 647 (Goat polyclonal, 1:200 dilution, Jackson ImmunoResearch #111-605-144).

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Extraction

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Host biological sex directs immune control of the Plasmodium parasite liver stage in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1734587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microscopy and digital spatial profiling reveal baseline differences by sex skew enrichment of Kupffer cells and other innate immune cells. (a) Deconvolved immune cell type proportions for each ROI in Py parasite-infected mice, separated by biological sex and hormone status, inferred by spatial transcriptomic profiles. An independent Wilcoxon test with BH-correction was used to compare the mean cell type proportions between female (F), male (M), and orchiectomized male (ORX) liver samples. (b) Representative image of a CLEC4F + positive cell proximal to parasite infected hepatocyte within an infected liver at 44 hpi. Nuclear DAPI staining is shown in blue, CLEC4F in red, and HSP70 staining in green. Ring portrays the outer boundary, indicted with white circle and captures a 200 µm radius. (c) Number of CLEC4F + cells normalized by area of ring in infected tissue (left) and fold change of CLEC4F + cells relative to respective mock-infected sample group (right) at 44 hpi. (d) Calculated distance of CLEC4F + cell from center of ROI in infected (+) and mock-infected (-) mice. 5–10 ROI sets were counted for each of the mice. Data for c-d are shown from two independent experiments (n= 7 – 8 mice; up to 10 circles per mouse). One-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison was applied for c; unpaired t-test was applied to (d) . Error bar represents mean ± s.e.m; box plot and violin plots depicts median with interquartile range. ****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05, ns p>0.05.

Article Snippet: Slides were stained overnight in morphology marker Pf HSP70 antibody (Rabbit polyclonal, 1:42 dilution, StressMarq #SPC-186D), washed twice with 2X SSC for 5 minutes, and detected with a 1 hour incubation in secondary antibody conjugated to AlexaFluor 647 (Goat polyclonal, 1:200 dilution, Jackson ImmunoResearch #111-605-144).

Techniques: Microscopy, Infection, Staining, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The expression level of CACNA1C-encoded Ca V 1.2 is a tipping point between promotion and inhibition of dendritic growth in neurons

doi: 10.64898/2025.12.11.693636

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Experimental design. Hippocampal neurons were transfected with eGFP at DIV4, administered with mock, 1µM nifedipine or 1µM calciseptine at DIV5, pf fixed at DIV7, and immunolabeled for p-CaMKIIα. (B) Representative images of cultured hippocampal neurons at the different conditions showing soluble eGFP fluorescence and anti-p-CaMKIIα immunolabeling. Bar, 40µm. ( C ) Sholl analysis; mock, black, n=73; nifedipine, red, n=45; calciseptine, cyan, n=49. Mixed-model Two-Way Anova with Tukey post-hoc test, p values in . ( D ) Dendritic length. Ordinary One-Way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test, *p=0.044; **p=0.004; ns, p=0.774. ( E ) Branching points/µm. Ordinary One-Way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test; ns: 0.824

Article Snippet: Subsequently, they were incubated from DIV 5 to DIV 7 (48 hours) with 1μM FPL 64176 (Sigma Aldrich, cat. # F131-25mg), Bay K 8644 (Sigma, cat. # B112-5m), 1μM nifedipine (Sigma, cat. # N7634), or calciseptine (Alomone, synthetic peptide, cat. # SPC-500) in the culture dish.

Techniques: Transfection, Immunolabeling, Cell Culture, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence