Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine

Article Title: Simultaneous Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Systems and the Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) Wearable for Patients with Comorbid Diabetes and Migraine: An Interventional Single-Arm Compatibility Study

doi: 10.3390/jcm15031097

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of the study design and timeline. ( A ) Illustration of a participant with a remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) wearable device and a FreeStyle Libre 3 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor, both using BLE to transmit data to the same smartphone. ( B ) Same, with a Dexcom G7 CGM sensor. ( C ) Study timeline, showing the sequence of REN activity and CGM data collection across the three timepoints (t i ), A i = REN ‘ON’, Bi 2 = REN’ OFF’, SR = CGM sensor sampling rate. Timing intervals between ON/OFF readings were set according to each CGM system’s SR (intervals of 2 min for Freestyle Libre and 6 min for Dexcom, given corresponding SR of 1 and 5 min).

Article Snippet: CGM systems including FreeStyle Libre 2 or 3 systems (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) and Dexcom G6 or G7 systems (Dexcom Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), continuously measure interstitial glucose concentrations via subcutaneous sensors, transmitting data wirelessly to smartphone applications or to designated receiver devices.

Techniques: Sequencing, Activity Assay, Sampling

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Beyond Euglycemia: Case Studies Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Elite Athletes Without Diabetes During Record Athletic Events

doi: 10.3390/s26051624

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interstitial glucose dynamics during the Race Across the West ultra-endurance relay cycling event. CGM data are shown across the full duration of the two-person RAW event (44 h 20 min). Glucose values are color-coded according to activity state: orange segments represent glucose values recorded during active cycling, whereas blue segments represent glucose values recorded during off-bike recovery periods (i.e., while the other team member was undergoing active cycling). A discontinuity in the CGM trace is shown at ~18 h into the race and intermittently between ~28 and 31 h, indicating a total of ~3 h 30 min of missing CGM data, which were excluded from all quantitative analyses.

Article Snippet: Interstitial glucose was measured using a CGM biosensor (Abbott Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biosensor, Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) which recorded glucose values (minimum to maximum range 54–200 mg/dL [3.0–11.1 mmol/L]) at a 1 min sampling frequency via an integrated surface recorder/transmitter that communicated in real time with a smartphone application (Supersapiens Inc., TT1 Products, Atlanta, GA, USA) using Bluetooth technology.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Beyond Euglycemia: Case Studies Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Elite Athletes Without Diabetes During Record Athletic Events

doi: 10.3390/s26051624

Figure Lengend Snippet: The distinct panels show continuous glucose monitoring and performance data during an “Everesting” record attempt, with panels denoting ( a ) time course of interstitial glucose concentration (CGM) (orange) across the entire “Everesting” cycling effort (i.e., cycling climbing elevation gain equivalent to the height of Mt Everest), illustrating a sustained TAR profile throughout the climb repetitions and time-aligned heart rate (red); ( b ) power output and across the entire Everesting effort; and ( c ) course profile and elevation gain of the Everesting attempt performed on the Mamore Gap (Republic of Ireland). The athlete completed repeated ascents and descents of an 810 m road segment, accumulating a total vertical gain of 8848 m in just under 7 h. Glucose data were recorded at 15 min intervals during periods when the smartphone was out of range of the sensor (during the record attempt), as CGM devices store data at a 15 min sampling frequency for up to 8 h when not actively connected. Notes: TAR140 = time > 140 mg/dL.

Article Snippet: Interstitial glucose was measured using a CGM biosensor (Abbott Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biosensor, Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) which recorded glucose values (minimum to maximum range 54–200 mg/dL [3.0–11.1 mmol/L]) at a 1 min sampling frequency via an integrated surface recorder/transmitter that communicated in real time with a smartphone application (Supersapiens Inc., TT1 Products, Atlanta, GA, USA) using Bluetooth technology.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Sampling

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Beyond Euglycemia: Case Studies Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Elite Athletes Without Diabetes During Record Athletic Events

doi: 10.3390/s26051624

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interstitial glucose and capillary lactate responses following a maximal breath-hold depth dive. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and capillary lactate concentrations are shown across baseline, immediate post-dive, and recovery following a constant-weight without fins (CNF) dive to 93 m. CGM data were recorded before the dive and resumed immediately after surfacing, while lactate was measured at baseline, as soon as feasible post-dive, and at 5 min intervals during recovery. The dive period (3 min 55 s) is indicated on the x-axis. The blue CGM line represents glucose values collected outside of exercise, i.e., prior to and following the dive.

Article Snippet: Interstitial glucose was measured using a CGM biosensor (Abbott Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biosensor, Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) which recorded glucose values (minimum to maximum range 54–200 mg/dL [3.0–11.1 mmol/L]) at a 1 min sampling frequency via an integrated surface recorder/transmitter that communicated in real time with a smartphone application (Supersapiens Inc., TT1 Products, Atlanta, GA, USA) using Bluetooth technology.

Techniques: