Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Sap Peptide Conserved across Flowering Plants Positively Regulates Lignin Biosynthesis, Biomass and Immunity

doi: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594799

Figure Lengend Snippet: The changes of monolignol metabolites of (A) the debarked stems on Populus trichocarpa and (B) the stems on Eucalyptus grandis after one month of ASAP treatment. (C) Lignin deposition on roots and the changes of monolignol metabolites on stems and leaves of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) after 24 hours of ASAP treatment. Ten monolignol metabolites were quantified using LC-SRM-MS analysis. Metabolites in the main fluxes of H-lignin, G-lignin and S-lignin biosynthesis are represented. The detected compounds were highlighted, pink for significant up-regulation, dark grey for no significant change, light grey for no detection. C-Aci, caffeic acid; G-Aci, ferulic acid; 5H-Aci, 5-hydroxyferulic acid; S-Aci, sinapic acid; G-Ald, coniferaldehyde; 5H-Ald, 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde; S-Ald, sinapaldehyde; H-Alc, 4-coumaryl alcohol; G-Alc, coniferyl alcohol; S-Alc, sinapyl alcohol. Lignin staining using 5% phloroglucinol in ethanol for tomato roots. The lignified tissues were showed as the pink-red coloration. Three individual plants were performed as biological replicates for each treatment.

Article Snippet: Nine standards were purchased, including caffeic acid (98%, AK Scientific), ferulic acid (99%, Acros Organics), 4-coumaryl alcohol (98%, Toronto Research Chemicals), coniferaldehyde (99.94%, MedChemExpress), coniferyl alcohol (97.5%, Supelco Merck), 5-hydroxyferulic acid (95%, Sigma-Aldrich Merck), sinapic acid (98%, AK Scientific), sinapaldehyde (99.96%, MedChemExpress) and sinapyl alcohol (95%, Biosynth).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Sap Peptide Conserved across Flowering Plants Positively Regulates Lignin Biosynthesis, Biomass and Immunity

doi: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594799

Figure Lengend Snippet: The changes of monolignol metabolites on (A) the debarked stems of Populus trichocarpa and (B) the stems of Eucalyptus grandis with different concentrations (0.1 μM, 0.5 μM and 1 μM) of ASAP treatment after one month, and (C) the leaves and (D) the stems of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) with 1 μM ASAP treatment after 24 hours. Ten monolignol metabolites were quantified using LC-SRM-MS analysis. Metabolites in the main fluxes of H-lignin, G-lignin and S-lignin biosynthesis are represented. The detected compounds were highlighted, pink for significant up-regulation, dark grey for no significant change, light grey for no detection. C-Aci, caffeic acid; G-Aci, ferulic acid; 5H-Aci, 5-hydroxyferulic acid; S-Aci, sinapic acid; G-Ald, coniferaldehyde; 5H-Ald, 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde; S-Ald, sinapaldehyde; H-Alc, 4-coumaryl alcohol; G-Alc, coniferyl alcohol; S-Alc, sinapyl alcohol. One and two asterisks represent Student’s t -test p < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. Three individual plants were performed as biological replicates for each treatment.

Article Snippet: Nine standards were purchased, including caffeic acid (98%, AK Scientific), ferulic acid (99%, Acros Organics), 4-coumaryl alcohol (98%, Toronto Research Chemicals), coniferaldehyde (99.94%, MedChemExpress), coniferyl alcohol (97.5%, Supelco Merck), 5-hydroxyferulic acid (95%, Sigma-Aldrich Merck), sinapic acid (98%, AK Scientific), sinapaldehyde (99.96%, MedChemExpress) and sinapyl alcohol (95%, Biosynth).

Techniques:

Journal: The Plant Cell

Article Title: Syringyl Lignin Is Unaltered by Severe Sinapyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Suppression in Tobacco ^[W]

doi: 10.1105/tpc.111.089037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kinetic Properties of Recombinant Tobacco CAD and SAD

Article Snippet: Data from many different groups show that the accumulation in lignin of derivatives of sinapaldehyde, the precursor of S monomers, is a characteristic of severe CAD suppression ( Halpin et al., 1994 ; Ralph et al., 1998 , 2001 ; Kim et al., 2002 ; Sibout et al., 2003 ); indeed, the level of the indene derivative shows a close inverse correlation with CAD activity ( Lapierre et al., 2004 ).

Techniques: Recombinant

Journal: The Plant Cell

Article Title: Syringyl Lignin Is Unaltered by Severe Sinapyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Suppression in Tobacco ^[W]

doi: 10.1105/tpc.111.089037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Production and Characterization of SAD and SAD CAD Transgenics. (A) Constructs introduced into tobacco to suppress expression of SAD (pSAD) or of SAD and CAD simultaneously (pSADCAD). (B) Sinapaldehyde-reducing activity in primary transformants harboring the pSAD construct and wild-type plants. Plants selected for further study are indicated by arrows (S4, S18, S21, S32, S45). (C) Sinapaldehyde-reducing activity in primary transformants harboring the pSADCAD construct and in wild-type plants. Plants selected for further study are indicated by arrows (SC3, SC7, SC34). (D) Color of woody xylem of stem sections of SAD CAD and wild-type plants after removal of outer epidermal and cortical tissues. Plant number is shown underneath each section.

Article Snippet: Data from many different groups show that the accumulation in lignin of derivatives of sinapaldehyde, the precursor of S monomers, is a characteristic of severe CAD suppression ( Halpin et al., 1994 ; Ralph et al., 1998 , 2001 ; Kim et al., 2002 ; Sibout et al., 2003 ); indeed, the level of the indene derivative shows a close inverse correlation with CAD activity ( Lapierre et al., 2004 ).

Techniques: Construct, Expressing, Activity Assay

Journal: The Plant Cell

Article Title: Syringyl Lignin Is Unaltered by Severe Sinapyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Suppression in Tobacco ^[W]

doi: 10.1105/tpc.111.089037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Thioacidolysis S and G Monomers and 384 Sinapaldehyde-Derived Compound in Lignin from SAD, SAD CAD, and the Wild-Type Plants. Yields of thioacidolysis products were determined on EXR samples collected from the stem base of 10-week-old plants. The data are means and se of three plants per line. (A) Yields of G and S lignin monomers. (B) Yields of m/z 384 peak derived from sinapaldehyde incorporated into lignin. * significantly different to wild-type plants (P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Data from many different groups show that the accumulation in lignin of derivatives of sinapaldehyde, the precursor of S monomers, is a characteristic of severe CAD suppression ( Halpin et al., 1994 ; Ralph et al., 1998 , 2001 ; Kim et al., 2002 ; Sibout et al., 2003 ); indeed, the level of the indene derivative shows a close inverse correlation with CAD activity ( Lapierre et al., 2004 ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay