Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Evaluation of mdh , dld , tcfA , and folE gene markers for detection of enteric fever using real-time PCR

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35011-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Real-time PCR amplification and confirmation of the 760-bp mdh gene in S. enterica isolates. ( A ) Amplification curves demonstrating consistent SYBR Green fluorescence and exponential amplification across many test samples. ( B ) Ct values and concentration estimations for the detection of the mdh gene in qPCR assays across all isolates. The range of Ct value is 16.68 to 22.56. ( C ) A 760 bp anticipated amplification result is exhibited by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis for all samples (lanes 1–22); M denotes the 1k bp DNA ladder; Lane 1 to 15: Salmonella species; Lane 16: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lane 17: Escherichia coli ; Lane 18: Staphylococcus aureus ; Lane 19: Acinetobacter sp. Lane 20: Enterococcus sp. Lane 21: S. Typhi ATCC 700,931; Lane 22 non-template control (NTC).

Article Snippet: Lane 16: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lane 17: Escherichia coli ; Lane 18: Staphylococcus aureus ; Lane 19: Acinetobacter sp. Lane 20: Enterococcus sp. The amplification in the strain of S. Typhi ATCC 700,931 is confirmed by lane 21.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, SYBR Green Assay, Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Evaluation of mdh , dld , tcfA , and folE gene markers for detection of enteric fever using real-time PCR

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35011-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) SYBR Green chemical amplification graphs exhibiting positive reactions with fluorescence surpassing the threshold. ( B ) Ct value for each sample in the assay range from 14.51 to 28.27. ( C ) Gel electrophoresis confirms the amplification of a 992 bp fragment in several Salmonella isolates; M1 functions as a 1 kb marker; Lane 1 to 15: Salmonella species; Lane 16: Escherichia coli ; Lane 17: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lane 18: Staphylococcus aureus ; Lane 19: Acinetobacter sp. Lane 20: Enterococcus sp. Lane 21: S. Typhi ATCC 700,931; Lane 22 non-template control (NTC).

Article Snippet: Lane 16: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lane 17: Escherichia coli ; Lane 18: Staphylococcus aureus ; Lane 19: Acinetobacter sp. Lane 20: Enterococcus sp. The amplification in the strain of S. Typhi ATCC 700,931 is confirmed by lane 21.

Techniques: SYBR Green Assay, Amplification, Fluorescence, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Marker, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Evaluation of mdh , dld , tcfA , and folE gene markers for detection of enteric fever using real-time PCR

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35011-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Real-time PCR detection of Salmonella Typhi using the tcfA gene. ( A ) Amplification curves demonstrate a clear rise in fluorescence signals in positive samples, while negative controls exhibit no amplification. ( B ) Ct values from separate reactions ranged from 13.97 to 31.25, demonstrating effective detection and analysis of Salmonella species DNA across diverse samples. ( C ) Agarose gel (1.5%) examination of qPCR results verifies the amplification of the approximately 663 bp tcfA motif in positive samples (lanes 1–15); Lanes 16–20 indicate negative results for non- Salmonella species. Lane 16: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lane 17: Escherichia coli ; Lane 18: Staphylococcus aureus ; Lane 19: Acinetobacter sp. Lane 20: Enterococcus sp. Lane 21 confirms the amplification in the S. Typhi ATCC 700,931 strain. Lane 22 shows a negative result in the non-template control (NTC); M1 and M2 signify 100 bp DNA marker, while M3 indicates 1 kb DNA marker.

Article Snippet: Lane 16: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lane 17: Escherichia coli ; Lane 18: Staphylococcus aureus ; Lane 19: Acinetobacter sp. Lane 20: Enterococcus sp. The amplification in the strain of S. Typhi ATCC 700,931 is confirmed by lane 21.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Fluorescence, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Control, Marker

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Evaluation of mdh , dld , tcfA , and folE gene markers for detection of enteric fever using real-time PCR

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35011-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Amplification curves show that positive samples clearly show an increase in fluorescence signals, whilst negative controls show no amplification. ( B ) The effective identification and analysis of Salmonella species DNA across a variety of samples was demonstrated by the Ct values from distinct reactions, which ranged from 13.50 to 30.39 ( C ) Analysis of qPCR findings on an Agarose gel (1.5%) confirms that the about 276 bp motif in Salmonella species (lanes 1–15) was amplified. Results for non-Salmonella species are shown negatively in lanes 16–20. Lane 16: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lane 17: Escherichia coli ; Lane 18: Staphylococcus aureus ; Lane 19: Acinetobacter sp. Lane 20: Enterococcus sp. The amplification in the strain of S. Typhi ATCC 700,931 is confirmed by lane 21. In non-template control (NTC), lane 22 displays a negative result; M1 denotes a 1 kb DNA marker.

Article Snippet: Lane 16: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lane 17: Escherichia coli ; Lane 18: Staphylococcus aureus ; Lane 19: Acinetobacter sp. Lane 20: Enterococcus sp. The amplification in the strain of S. Typhi ATCC 700,931 is confirmed by lane 21.

Techniques: Amplification, Fluorescence, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Control, Marker

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Selection for Phage Resistance Reduces Virulence of Shigella flexneri

doi: 10.1128/AEM.01514-21

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phenotypic characterization of five spontaneous phage-resistant mutants of S. flexneri . (A) Membrane permeability measured as a linear regression of the ratio of green to red fluorescence for different suspensions of live and dead cells stained with SYTO 9 dye and propidium iodide. Error bars show standard deviations of the mean of two technical replicates, and data are representative of 3 separate experiments analyzed by one-way ANOVA of the slopes of linear regressions using Dunnet’s multiple comparisons to M90T. (B) Total LPS measured as μg per CFU. Error bars show standard deviations of the mean of four biological replicates (one-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s multiple comparisons to M90T). (C through F) Fold change in MIC compared to MIC of wild-type M90T for erythromycin, vancomycin (shaded region indicates limit of detection), ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. Error bars show standard errors of the mean for three to four biological replicates (one-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s multiple comparisons to M90TΔ ompA ). (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Whole-cell lysates and fractions were run at 200 V for 45 min on a 10% Tris-Glycine polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a PVDF membrane (90 V for 60 min) and blotted with an anti-OmpA antibody (Biorbyt orb241331).

Techniques: Membrane, Permeability, Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Selection for Phage Resistance Reduces Virulence of Shigella flexneri

doi: 10.1128/AEM.01514-21

Figure Lengend Snippet: OmpA expression in phage-resistant mutants of S. flexneri , compared to controls. (A) Western blot for OmpA of whole bacterial cell extract of M90T, M90TΔ ompA , M90TΔ mxiH , R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5. (B) Western blot for OmpA of cytoplasmic (C), periplasmic (P) and membrane (M) fractions of M90T, R3, R4 and R5.

Article Snippet: Whole-cell lysates and fractions were run at 200 V for 45 min on a 10% Tris-Glycine polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a PVDF membrane (90 V for 60 min) and blotted with an anti-OmpA antibody (Biorbyt orb241331).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Membrane