Journal: Genes and immunity

Article Title: Host gene-encoded severe lung TB: from genes to potential pathways

doi: 10.1038/gene.2012.39

Figure Lengend Snippet: We measured the relative changes in MCP-1, MMP-1 , MMP-9, and TIMP gene expression by real-time PCR. Data are presented as the fold change in gene expression normalized to the endogenous reference gene PDHB and relative to untreated controls. Panel 1 , the effect of 10 μM concentration of CCR2 RS504393 inhibiting compound was assessed following 24 hr in vitro stimulation of THP-1 cells with 5 μg/ml sonicated H37Rv M. tuberculosis . Cultures proceeded in 500 μl serum-free RPMI. CCR2 RS504393 inhibiting compound was diluted with DMSO and dispensed in 5 μl volume to produce a final culture concentration of 0.01% DMSO. We also added 5 μl of DMSO to control cultures. The results presented are from six independent experiments showing the mean and standard deviations. We consistently observed significant differences in the mean values across variables (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.01) when testing MCP-1, MMP-1 and MMP-9. We show corrected p-values obtained from student t-tests. Notably, levels of specific mRNAs from non-stimulated cells were not significantly different than those obtained from cultures that proceeded with the CCR2 inhibitor alone. Panel 2 , the effect of 1 μM concentration of MMP-1 inhibitor 4-Aminobenzoyl-Gly-Pro-D-Leu-D-Ala hydroxamic peptide was assessed following 24 hr in vitro stimulation of THP-1 cells with 5 μg/ml sonicated H37Rv M. tuberculosis . Cultures proceeded in 500 μl serum-free RPMI. 4-Aminobenzoyl-Gly-Pro-D-Leu-D-Ala hydroxamic peptide was diluted in incomplete RPMI. The results presented are from six independent experiments showing the mean and standard deviations from the mean. We consistently observed significant differences in the mean values across variables (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.01) when testing MCP-1, MMP-1 and MMP-9. We show corrected p-values obtained from student t-tests. Of note, levels of specific mRNAs from non-stimulated cells were not significantly different from those obtained from cultures that proceeded with the 4-Aminobenzoyl-Gly-Pro-D-Leu-D-Ala hydroxamic peptide inhibitor alone. The inhibitors’ concentrations were selected from dose response-experiments.

Article Snippet: THP-1 cells (1×10 6 cells/ml) were stimulated with the indicated amounts of H37Rv M. tuberculosis lysate obtained after sonication (sonicated H37Rv M. tuberculosis ) as described previously (Ganachari et al. 2010), or the indicated amounts of CCR2 RS504393 (Tocris), MMP-1 4-Aminobenzoyl-Gly-ProD-Leu-D-Ala hydroxamic peptide (SIGMA), PAR-1 SCH79797 (Tocris) inhibitors, and human purified MMP-1 (hMMP-1) activated with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (EMD Chemicals).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Concentration Assay, In Vitro, Sonication, Control

Journal: Genes and immunity

Article Title: Host gene-encoded severe lung TB: from genes to potential pathways

doi: 10.1038/gene.2012.39

Figure Lengend Snippet: We used three-color FACS analysis for these experiments. Exposure of quiescent THP-1 cells to sonicated H37Rv M. tuberculosis for 24 hr induced the differentiation of these cells into CD14-positive/CD16-negative cells. In Panels 1 and 2, Section A shows a low proportion of CD14-positive/CD16-negative cells in quiescent THP-1 cells; Section B shows an increment in the proportion of CD14-positive/CD16-negative THP-1 cells in response to sonicated H37RV M. tuberculosis exposure.; Section C shows minimal (non-significant) variation in this response to sonicated H37Rv M. tuberculosis exposure in the presence of the MMP-1 inhibitor (Panel 1) or CCR2 inhibitor (Panel 2). In Sections D, E, and F of Panel 1, we show that the presence of MMP-1 inhibitor 4-Aminobenzoyl-Gly-Pro-D-Leu-D-Ala hydroxamic peptide prevents the down-regulation of PAR-1 expression by THP-1 cells exposed to sonicated H37Rv M. tuberculosis exposure. In Sections D, E, and F of Panel 2, we show that the presence of CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 also prevents the down-regulation of PAR-1 expression by THP-1 cells exposed to sonicated H37Rv M. tuberculosis exposure. We acquired 100,000 events for experiments in Panel 1, while we acquired 10,000 events for experiments in Panel 2, according to the number of live cells gathered in each experiment. Of note, the MMP-1 inhibitor was dissolved in incomplete RPMI while the CCR2 inhibitor was dissolved in DMSO to obtain a DMSO final culture concentration of 0.01%. Three experiments were done for the assessment of each inhibitor.

Article Snippet: THP-1 cells (1×10 6 cells/ml) were stimulated with the indicated amounts of H37Rv M. tuberculosis lysate obtained after sonication (sonicated H37Rv M. tuberculosis ) as described previously (Ganachari et al. 2010), or the indicated amounts of CCR2 RS504393 (Tocris), MMP-1 4-Aminobenzoyl-Gly-ProD-Leu-D-Ala hydroxamic peptide (SIGMA), PAR-1 SCH79797 (Tocris) inhibitors, and human purified MMP-1 (hMMP-1) activated with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (EMD Chemicals).

Techniques: Sonication, Expressing, Concentration Assay