Journal: BMC Nephrology

Article Title: The effect of SGLT2 inhibitor and HIF-PHI on the podocyte-specific molecules and cytoskeleton of diabetic podocytes

doi: 10.1186/s12882-025-04677-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of high glucose condition, Dapagliflozin, Roxadustat, and combined therapy on the distribution pattern of podocyte-specific molecules in cultured human podocytes. Representative images for nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, and synaptopodin. Original magnification, ×630. Scale bar: 20 μm. NG, normal glucose (5 mM), HG, high glucose (25 mM), DAPA, Dapagliflozin (11 nM), ROXA, Roxadustat (30 µM)

Article Snippet: To establish podocyte injury in vitro, the differentiated podocytes were starved in medium containing 1% FBS for 12 h first and then subjected to different stimuli for 48 h: (1) normal glucose (NG, 5 mM); (2) high glucose (HG, 25 mM); (3) Dapagliflozin (1.1 nM or 11 nM, MedChemExpress); (4) Roxadustat (3 μM or 30 μM, MedChemExpress).

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal: BMC Nephrology

Article Title: The effect of SGLT2 inhibitor and HIF-PHI on the podocyte-specific molecules and cytoskeleton of diabetic podocytes

doi: 10.1186/s12882-025-04677-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intracellular protein levels of podocyte-specific molecules in cultured human podocytes as determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining: ( A ) nephrin; ( B ) podocin; ( C ) podocalyxin; and ( D ) synaptopodin. Quantification of glomerular nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, and synaptopodin level by semiquantitative computerized image analysis. Error bars denote standard error of mean (SEM); data were compared by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (overall p < 0.01); post hoc comparison between groups was performed by unpaired Student’s t test with adjustment for multiple comparison by the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. NG, normal glucose (5 mM), HG, high glucose (25 mM), DAPA, Dapagliflozin (11 nM), ROXA, Roxadustat (30 µM)

Article Snippet: To establish podocyte injury in vitro, the differentiated podocytes were starved in medium containing 1% FBS for 12 h first and then subjected to different stimuli for 48 h: (1) normal glucose (NG, 5 mM); (2) high glucose (HG, 25 mM); (3) Dapagliflozin (1.1 nM or 11 nM, MedChemExpress); (4) Roxadustat (3 μM or 30 μM, MedChemExpress).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Comparison

Journal: BMC Nephrology

Article Title: The effect of SGLT2 inhibitor and HIF-PHI on the podocyte-specific molecules and cytoskeleton of diabetic podocytes

doi: 10.1186/s12882-025-04677-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of high glucose condition, Dapagliflozin, Roxadustat, and combined therapy on the distribution of F-actin and α-actinin-4 in cultured human podocytes: ( A ) representative images for nephrin (green) and F-actin (red); yellow arrow: podocytes with F-actin relocation; white arrow: co-localization of nephrin and F-actin; ( B ) representative images for nephrin (green) and α-actinin-4 (red); arrows: podocytes with α-actinin-4 relocation. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Original magnification, ×630. Scale bar: 20 μm. The immunofluorescence staining intensities and quantification of glomerular ( C ) F-actin and ( D ) α-actinin-4 levels were measured by semiquantitative computerized image analysis. The intensities of all other treatments are normalized to NG levels. Error bars denote standard error of mean (SEM); data were compared by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (overall p < 0.01); post hoc comparison between groups was performed by unpaired Student’s t test with adjustment for multiple comparison by the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. NG, normal glucose (5 mM), HG, high glucose (25 mM), DAPA, Dapagliflozin (11 nM), ROXA, Roxadustat (30 µM)

Article Snippet: To establish podocyte injury in vitro, the differentiated podocytes were starved in medium containing 1% FBS for 12 h first and then subjected to different stimuli for 48 h: (1) normal glucose (NG, 5 mM); (2) high glucose (HG, 25 mM); (3) Dapagliflozin (1.1 nM or 11 nM, MedChemExpress); (4) Roxadustat (3 μM or 30 μM, MedChemExpress).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Low oxygen promotes extravillous trophoblast progenitor expansion but restrains maturation

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.29.685387

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic of the HIF signalling pathway. In ambient oxygen the HIFα subunits are rapidly degraded, however when oxygen tension is low prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) cannot hydroxylate HIFα, allowing it to stabilize and bind to ARNT forming an active transcription factor. The pharmaceutical Roxadustat (ROX) stabilizes the HIFα subunits (HIF1α and EPAS1) by blocking the activity of PHDs. ( B ) Experimental workflow. hTSCs (CT29) were established into organoids and cultured for six days in regenerative media in 3% or 21% O 2 . Organoids were then cultured in EVT media for a total of seven days with the addition of either ROX or a vehicle control (DMSO) in 3% or 21% O 2 . ( C ) Immunoblot showing HIF1α and EPAS1 protein levels in hTSC-TOrgs on Day 0 and Day 7 of EVT differentiation in either 3%, 21%, or 21%+ROX conditions. β-Actin levels serve as loading control. Molecular weights (kDa) are indicated. ( D ) Representative brightfield images of hTSC-TOrgs in 21%, 3%, and 21%+ROX on Day 0 and Day 7 of EVT differentiation. Scale bars, 200µm. (E) Relative transcript levels of cCTB ( NOTCH1, ITGA2, TAGLN ), and the EVT lineage ( HLA-G ) in 21%,3%, and 21%+ROX conditions over 7 days of EVT differentiation. Statistical analyses between groups were performed on each timepoint (Day 0, Day 3, and Day7) using either unpaired t-test or ANOVA and two-tailed Tukey post-test; differences significant at P<0.05.*= P<0.05, ***= P≤0.001. ( F ) Representative flow cytometry histogram of ITGA2/CD49b surface expression in 21%, 3%, and 21%+ROX conditions on Day 7 of EVT differentiation (Left). Bar with scatter plot showing the median fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD49b/ITGA2+ cells in 21%, 3%, and 21%+ROX on Day 7 of EVT differentiation (Right). Data plotted as mean values with standard deviation error. Statistical analyses were performed ANOVA and two-tailed Tukey post-test; differences significant at P<0.05. **= P<0.01,***= P<0.001. ( G ) Relative transcript levels of mature EVT ( ITGA1, SERPINE2, NOTUM ) mRNA in 21%, 3%, and 21%+ROX conditions on Day 7 of EVT differentiation. Statistical analyses between groups were performed ANOVA and two-tailed Tukey post-test; differences significant at P<0.05.*= P<0.05, **= P<0.01,***= P<0.001, ****=P<0.0001. ( H ) Flow cytometry plot showing frequencies of HLA-G+ and CD49a+ cells from hTSC-TOrgs cultured in 21%, 3%, and 21%+ROX conditions following 7 days of differentiation (Left). Bar plots show the proportion of HLA-G+ cells and mature EVT (HLA-G+/ITGA1+) cells in 21%, 3%, and 21%+ROX on Day 7 of EVT differentiation (Right). Data plotted as mean values with standard deviation error. Statistical analyses were performed ANOVA and two-tailed Tukey post-test; differences significant at P<0.05. *= P<0.05,***= P<0.001.

Article Snippet: For ROX experiments, 50μm of Roxadustat (Tocris) or DMSO (Sigma) vehicle control was added to EVT media ( ).

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Control, Western Blot, Two Tailed Test, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Standard Deviation

Journal: Drug Design, Development and Therapy

Article Title: A Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Roxadustat Against Hypoxic Injury at High Altitude

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S390975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Different Doses of Roxadustat on the Survival Time of Mice. Error Bars Indicate SD (n=8/per Group \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{} \DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} {linotext }{} \DeclareSymbolFont{linotext}{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathLINOTEXT}{linotext} \begin{document} $$\bar x \pm {\rm{s}}$$ \end{document} )

Article Snippet: Roxadustat Capsules (Specification: 20 mg × 3 tablets, AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Normal Saline (500 mL: 4.5 g, Shijiazhuang Siyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Batch No. 2007122002); Heparin (Shanghai First Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Acetazolamide (Purity >98.0%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. CAS#59-66-5); Rat TNF-α Elisa kit, Rat IL-6 Elisa kit, MDA kit (Nanjing Jincheng Institute of Bioengineering); SOD kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); GSH Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); 4% Paraformaldehyde (500 mL, Wuhan Xaver Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Drug Design, Development and Therapy

Article Title: A Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Roxadustat Against Hypoxic Injury at High Altitude

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S390975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of Blood Gas Indexes in Each Group. Error Bars Indicate SD (n=6/per Group \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{} \DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} {linotext }{} \DeclareSymbolFont{linotext}{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathLINOTEXT}{linotext} \begin{document} $$\overline x\pm {\rm{s}}$$ \end{document} )

Article Snippet: Roxadustat Capsules (Specification: 20 mg × 3 tablets, AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Normal Saline (500 mL: 4.5 g, Shijiazhuang Siyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Batch No. 2007122002); Heparin (Shanghai First Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Acetazolamide (Purity >98.0%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. CAS#59-66-5); Rat TNF-α Elisa kit, Rat IL-6 Elisa kit, MDA kit (Nanjing Jincheng Institute of Bioengineering); SOD kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); GSH Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); 4% Paraformaldehyde (500 mL, Wuhan Xaver Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Drug Design, Development and Therapy

Article Title: A Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Roxadustat Against Hypoxic Injury at High Altitude

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S390975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of Blood Routine Indexes in Each Group. Error Bars Indicate SD (n=6/per Group \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{} \DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} {linotext }{} \DeclareSymbolFont{linotext}{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathLINOTEXT}{linotext} \begin{document} $$\overline x\pm {\rm{s}}$$ \end{document} )

Article Snippet: Roxadustat Capsules (Specification: 20 mg × 3 tablets, AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Normal Saline (500 mL: 4.5 g, Shijiazhuang Siyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Batch No. 2007122002); Heparin (Shanghai First Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Acetazolamide (Purity >98.0%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. CAS#59-66-5); Rat TNF-α Elisa kit, Rat IL-6 Elisa kit, MDA kit (Nanjing Jincheng Institute of Bioengineering); SOD kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); GSH Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); 4% Paraformaldehyde (500 mL, Wuhan Xaver Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Drug Design, Development and Therapy

Article Title: A Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Roxadustat Against Hypoxic Injury at High Altitude

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S390975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of roxadustat on inflammatory factor and EPO in rats plasma. The content of IFN-γ ( A ), IL-6 ( B ), TNF-α ( C ) and EPO ( D ). Error bars indicate SD (n=6/per group).

Article Snippet: Roxadustat Capsules (Specification: 20 mg × 3 tablets, AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Normal Saline (500 mL: 4.5 g, Shijiazhuang Siyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Batch No. 2007122002); Heparin (Shanghai First Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Acetazolamide (Purity >98.0%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. CAS#59-66-5); Rat TNF-α Elisa kit, Rat IL-6 Elisa kit, MDA kit (Nanjing Jincheng Institute of Bioengineering); SOD kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); GSH Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); 4% Paraformaldehyde (500 mL, Wuhan Xaver Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Drug Design, Development and Therapy

Article Title: A Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Roxadustat Against Hypoxic Injury at High Altitude

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S390975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of roxadustat on SOD activity ( A ), GSH ( B ) and MDA ( C ) content in myocardial, renal, brain, lung and liver of hypoxic rats. Error bars indicate SD (n=6/per group).

Article Snippet: Roxadustat Capsules (Specification: 20 mg × 3 tablets, AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Normal Saline (500 mL: 4.5 g, Shijiazhuang Siyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Batch No. 2007122002); Heparin (Shanghai First Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Acetazolamide (Purity >98.0%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. CAS#59-66-5); Rat TNF-α Elisa kit, Rat IL-6 Elisa kit, MDA kit (Nanjing Jincheng Institute of Bioengineering); SOD kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); GSH Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering); 4% Paraformaldehyde (500 mL, Wuhan Xaver Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Article Title: Oral Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Roxadustat (FG‐4592) for Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Placebo‐Controlled Study of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles in Hemodialysis Patients

doi: 10.1002/jcph.1648

Figure Lengend Snippet: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics by Treatment Arm and for Patients Overall

Article Snippet: The bioanalytical analysis for roxadustat concentration was conducted using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods by Celerion (Lincoln, Nebraska).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Article Title: Oral Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Roxadustat (FG‐4592) for Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Placebo‐Controlled Study of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles in Hemodialysis Patients

doi: 10.1002/jcph.1648

Figure Lengend Snippet: Roxadustat PK Parameters in Patients With ESRD on HD

Article Snippet: The bioanalytical analysis for roxadustat concentration was conducted using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods by Celerion (Lincoln, Nebraska).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Article Title: Oral Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Roxadustat (FG‐4592) for Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Placebo‐Controlled Study of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles in Hemodialysis Patients

doi: 10.1002/jcph.1648

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, Mean plasma concentration‐time profiles of roxadustat administered before and after HD by dosing group (N = 6 per dose group). B, Plasma erythropoietin levels after the first dose of 1.0 mg/kg (dashed green line) or 2.0 mg/kg (solid green line) roxadustat compared to historical epoetin‐alfa (red line) after intravenous dosing 34 (pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous epoetin‐alfa [100 IU/kg] administered to 10 patients with ESRD who were stable on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and not treated with epoetin‐alfa in the 2 months prior to the study). HD, hemodialysis; rhEPO, recombinant human erythropoietin.

Article Snippet: The bioanalytical analysis for roxadustat concentration was conducted using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods by Celerion (Lincoln, Nebraska).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Recombinant

Journal: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Article Title: Oral Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Roxadustat (FG‐4592) for Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Placebo‐Controlled Study of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles in Hemodialysis Patients

doi: 10.1002/jcph.1648

Figure Lengend Snippet: PD Parameters of Endogenous Erythropoietin Response a to Roxadustat Treatment in Patients on HD

Article Snippet: The bioanalytical analysis for roxadustat concentration was conducted using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods by Celerion (Lincoln, Nebraska).

Techniques:

Journal: FASEB BioAdvances

Article Title: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species modify extracellular vesicles secretion rate

doi: 10.1096/fba.2023-00053

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacological HIF‐1α stabilization does not affect EV marker release rate. (A) Schematic illustration of how Roxadustat and COCl 2 cause PHD inhibition and HIF‐1α stabilization. (B) Western blotting of CD9truc‐EGFP cell lysates from 100 μM CoCl 2 treatment for 24 h increased cellular HIF‐1α and Caspase‐3 cleavage abundance in CD9truc‐EGFP cell lysates ( n = 3). (C) Western blotting of CD9truc‐EGFP cell lysates showed that 30 μM Roxadustat treatment for 24 h increased cellular HIF‐1α abundance without Caspase‐3 cleavage ( n = 6) in CD9truc‐EGFP cell lysates. (D) Western blotting on PEG‐precipitated cell‐condition medium from the 30 μM Roxadustat‐treated cells showed no significant difference to control‐treated CD9truc‐EGFP cells in EV marker CD9truc‐EGFP, TSG101, ALIX and Flotillin abundances ( n = 3–9). (E) Quantification on EV markers from (D). An unpaired t‐test was used to compare groups. Full‐length blots and normalized cellular CD9truc‐EGFP abundance are shown in Figure .

Article Snippet: CoCl 2 (Sigma Aldrich), Roxadustat (Astatech), DCA (Sigma Aldrich), 4‐Hydroxy‐TEMPO (Sigma Aldrich) and 4‐nitrobenzoate (Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in PC1‐serum‐free medium and added to a final concentration of 100 μM, 30 μM, 30 mM, 2 mM, and 2 mM, respectively.

Techniques: Marker, Inhibition, Western Blot, Control