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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
Two Way Repeated Measures (Rm) Anova, supplied by SAS institute, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
Normal Distribution Model Residuals, supplied by SAS institute, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way <t>RM</t> <t>ANOVA</t> ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.
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Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way RM ANOVA ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: The Constitutive Lack of α7 Nicotinic Receptor Leads to Metabolic Disorders in Mouse

doi: 10.3390/biom10071057

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way RM ANOVA ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.

Article Snippet: Statistical significance was determined between two groups by using the non-parametric two-tailed Mann–Whitney test, parametric two-tailed Multiple t tests and Two-Way Repeated Measures (RM) ANOVA from GraphPad Prism version 8.0 software (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Injection, Clinical Proteomics, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test