Journal: PPAR Research

Article Title: Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.1155/2012/219319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 5 mg/kg rosiglitazone (RGZ) on parameters of renal function in Sprague-Dawley rats in renal I/R injury. After either a sham operation or a bilateral clamping of the renal arteries for 60 min, rosiglitazone was applied i.p. or not, and parameters of renal function were determined 24 h afterwards. Parameters were additionally determined in untreated control rats. n as indicated. # Statistically significant difference as indicated. (a) Renal clearance of inulin was determined as a measure of GFR as described in (GFR = ( I U × V U )/( I P × t ), where I U is inulin concentration in urine, I P is inulin concentration in plasma, V U is urine volume, t is time of measurement, and GFR is glomerular filtration rate). (b) Renal clearance of PAH was determined as described in (PAH clearance = (PAH U × V U )/(PAH P × t ), where PAH U is PAH concentration in urine, PAH P is PAH concentration in plasma). (c) Renal net secretion of PAH (PNS) was determined as described in {PNS = [(PAH U × V U )/ t ]−[GFR × PAH P ]}.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (RGZ, AVANDIA) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, Middlesex, UK).

Techniques: Control, Concentration Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Filtration

Journal: PPAR Research

Article Title: Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.1155/2012/219319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of rosiglitazone (RGZ) on morphological alterations in the kidney of Sprague-Dawley rats in renal I/R injury. Renal cryostat sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Injury was graded by a score as described in . (a) Total injury score (mean values from were taken together). n as indicated. # , *Statistically significant difference as indicated. (b) Single criteria of histopathologic investigations are shown. n from 4 to 6 for each group. *Statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) between clamp versus clamp + RGZ; $ statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) between control, sham, sham + RGZ versus clamp and clamp+RGZ; statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) between control, sham, sham + RGZ versus clamp alone. (c) Representative sections of images of the renal cortex after PAS staining are shown. Control group, clamp group, and clamp + RGZ group as indicated on the sections. Some of the lesion criteria are exemplified. Arrowhead points to loss of the brush border. Arrow shows vacuolization in epithelial cells of the tubuli. Lines without arrowheads show tubular epithelial cells with defragmented nuclei.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (RGZ, AVANDIA) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, Middlesex, UK).

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: PPAR Research

Article Title: Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.1155/2012/219319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 5 mg/kg rosiglitazone (RGZ) on the mRNA levels of (a) endothelial and (b) inducible NO-Synthase (eNOS and iNOS) in Sprague-Dawley rats in renal I/R injury. Total RNA was generated from kidney cortex. Real-time PCR against eNOS, iNOS, and β -actin was performed as described in . Quantification was performed using the DDC T method using β -actin as a reference gene, and expression in untreated control animal (control 0 h) was normalized to 100. n is given in the respective bars. (a) Effect RGZ on the mRNA levels of eNOS. The amount of eNOS mRNA signal normalized to the respective signal from β -actin. # ,* Statistically significant difference as indicated. n.s.: Statistically not significant. (b) Effect of RGZ on the mRNA levels of iNOS. The amount of iNOS mRNA signal normalized to the respective signal from β -actin. # ,*Statistically significant.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (RGZ, AVANDIA) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, Middlesex, UK).

Techniques: Generated, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Control

Journal: PPAR Research

Article Title: Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.1155/2012/219319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 5 mg/kg rosiglitazone (RGZ) on nitrite/nitrate (NO x ) concentration in plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats in renal I/R injury. NO x as a measure of NO was detected by Griess-reaction as described in . NO x concentration is given in μ M. n is given in the respective bars. *, # Indicate statistically significant difference with P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (RGZ, AVANDIA) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, Middlesex, UK).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: PPAR Research

Article Title: Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.1155/2012/219319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 5 mg/kg rosiglitazone (RGZ) on the relative expression of cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) in renal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats in renal I/R injury. Antibody against CC3 recognized a band in the range of 18 kDa; the anti- β -actin antibody recognized a band at 42 kDa. The amount of CC3 Western blot against CC3 and β -actin was performed as described in . Western blot signal was normalized to the respective signal from β -actin. *Statistically significant difference with P < 0.05; n as indicated.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (RGZ, AVANDIA) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, Middlesex, UK).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: PPAR Research

Article Title: Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.1155/2012/219319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 5 mg/kg rosiglitazone (RGZ) on invasion of ED-1-positive cells (monocytes/macrophages) in renal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats in renal I/R injury. (a) ED-1-positive cells were detected in renal cryostat sections by immunofluorescence as described in . (a) Macrophage/monocyte invasion is given as the amount of ED-1-positive cells per visual field. n as indicated. * and # indicate statistically significant difference with P < 0.05. (b) Representative immunohistochemistry images of the renal cortex (magnification 1 : 10) after ED1 staining are depicted. Respective groups as indicated on the sections.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (RGZ, AVANDIA) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, Middlesex, UK).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: PPAR Research

Article Title: Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.1155/2012/219319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic figure of factors contributing to renal dysfunction in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The downregulation of eNOS causes endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction. The upregulation of iNOS in acute kidney injury is associated with an increase in cell apoptosis and inflammatory cell damage. Moreover, elevated levels of iNOS directly suppress the expression of eNOS. The application of rosiglitazone in ischemic acute kidney injury and reperfusion may help to correct the imbalance of eNOS/iNOS expression.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (RGZ, AVANDIA) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, Middlesex, UK).

Techniques: Expressing