Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Increased fibroblast growth factor-21 in chronic kidney disease is a trade-off between survival benefit and blood pressure dysregulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55643-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: FGF21 is required to survive CKD. Wild-type mice ( WT ) and FGF21 knockout mice ( Fgf21 −/− ) were subjected to either uninephrectomy followed by high phosphate diet feeding (CKD) or sham-operation followed by normal diet feeding (Control). Ten out of the 20 Fgf21 −/− CKD mice were administered with the AAV8-FGF21 vector when the high phosphate diet feeding was started at 12 weeks of age (CKD + AAV). Serum creatinine ( a ), serum phosphate ( b ), and urine phosphate ( c ) were indicated. Relative mRNA expression levels of osteopontin ( d ), Ngal ( e ), and MCP1 ( f ) in the kidney were indicated. Relative mRNA expression levels of osteopontin ( g ), Runx2 ( h ), and osteocalcin ( i ) in the aorta were indicated. ( j ) Serum FGF21 levels. The bars indicate mean ± SD, ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05 by t-test. ( k ) Survival curves of CKD mice. FGF21 knockout mice ( Fgf21 −/− ) showed poorer prognosis than wild-type mice (WT, P = 0.017 by log-rank test), but survived as well as WT when treated with the AAV8-FGF21 vector at 12 weeks of age.

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using FGF21 Mouse/Rat ELISA Kit (Funakoshi BLM RD291108200R) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Increased fibroblast growth factor-21 in chronic kidney disease is a trade-off between survival benefit and blood pressure dysregulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55643-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of FGF21 on blood pressure. Arterial pressure was monitored continuously for 48 hours using a mouse telemetry system in wild-type control mice ( a ), wild-type CKD mice ( b ), Fgf21 −/− control mice ( c ), Fgf21 −/− CKD mice ( d ), wild-type mice injected with the AAV8-LacZ ( e ), and wild-type mice injected with the AAV8-FGF21 ( f ). The systolic blood pressure data from 6 mice were overlapped in each group. The wild-type CKD mice ( b ) and wild-type mice injected with the AAV8-FGF21 ( f ) showed higher variability of systolic blood pressure than the other mice. The black bars indicate the nighttime (light off).

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using FGF21 Mouse/Rat ELISA Kit (Funakoshi BLM RD291108200R) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control, Injection

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Increased fibroblast growth factor-21 in chronic kidney disease is a trade-off between survival benefit and blood pressure dysregulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55643-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: FGF21 augments the pressor response during physical activity. The histograms of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were modeled as sum of two normal distributions, Distribution 1 (D1) and Distribution 2 (D2). ( a ) The averages of D1 (blue circle) and D2 (red circle) in the nighttime. The averages of D1 were similar across the groups. The averages of D2 in the wild-type CKD mice were significantly higher than those in the wild-type control mice. The averages of D2 in the Fgf21 −/− CKD mice were not different from those in the Fgf21 −/− control mice and the wild-type control mice and significantly lower than those of the wild-type CKD mice. The averages of D2 in the wild-type mice treated with the AAV8-FGF21 vector were significantly higher than those in the wild-type mice treated with the control vector (LacZ) and similar to those in the wild-type CKD mice. ( b ) The averages of D1 (blue circle) and D2 (red circle) in the daytime. As in the nighttime, the averages of D2 in the wild-type CKD mice were significantly higher than those in the wild-type control mice. However, the difference between the wild-type CKD mice and the Fgf21 −/− CKD mice did not reach statistical significance. The difference between the wild-type mice treated with the AAV8-FGF21 vector and the wild-type mice treated with the control vector did not reach statistical significance, either. The bars indicate mean ± SD, ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05 by t-test. ( c , d ) The averages of D2 (red circle) were similar to the averages of SBP during physical activity (red square).

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using FGF21 Mouse/Rat ELISA Kit (Funakoshi BLM RD291108200R) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Increased fibroblast growth factor-21 in chronic kidney disease is a trade-off between survival benefit and blood pressure dysregulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55643-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: FGF21 is required to enhance sympathetic activity and suppress parasympathetic activity in CKD. The sympathetic activity (LF and LF/HF) and the parasympathetic activity (HF) during physical activity in the nighttime ( a , c , e ) and in the daytime ( b , d , f ) were calculated in wild-type control mice, wild-type CKD mice, Fgf21 −/− control mice, Fgf21 −/− CKD mice, wild-type mice injected with the AAV8-LacZ vector (LacZ) and wild-type mice injected with the AAV8-FGF21 vector (FGF21). The bars indicate mean ± SD, ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05 by t-test.

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using FGF21 Mouse/Rat ELISA Kit (Funakoshi BLM RD291108200R) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Injection, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Increased fibroblast growth factor-21 in chronic kidney disease is a trade-off between survival benefit and blood pressure dysregulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55643-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: FGF21 is required to increase serum noradrenalin and corticosterone levels in CKD. Serum levels of noradrenalin ( a ) and corticosterone ( b ) were measured in wild-type control mice (WT, Control), wild-type CKD mice (WT, CKD), Fgf21 −/− control mice ( Fgf21 −/− , Control), Fgf21 −/− CKD mice ( Fgf21 −/− , CKD), Fgf21 −/− CKD mice injected with the AAV8-FGF21 vector (CKD + FGF21). The bars indicate mean ± SD, ** P < 0.01 by t-test.

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using FGF21 Mouse/Rat ELISA Kit (Funakoshi BLM RD291108200R) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control, Injection, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Increased fibroblast growth factor-21 in chronic kidney disease is a trade-off between survival benefit and blood pressure dysregulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55643-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: FGF21 activates NTS neurons and may suppress baroreflex. ( a ) Correlation between serum FGF21 levels and baroreflex sensitivity by Pearson correlation coefficient in 184 CKD patients. Adjusted for age and sex. Immunohistochemistry of the NTS region after intracerebroventricular injection of 0 ng ( b ), 10 ng ( c ), 100 ng ( d ), and 1000 ng ( e ) of FGF21. Bar = 100 mm. ( f ) The number of c-Fos positive cells was increased in an FGF21 dose-dependent manner. P < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using FGF21 Mouse/Rat ELISA Kit (Funakoshi BLM RD291108200R) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Injection

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Increased fibroblast growth factor-21 in chronic kidney disease is a trade-off between survival benefit and blood pressure dysregulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55643-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Independent determinates of baroreflex sensitivity.

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using FGF21 Mouse/Rat ELISA Kit (Funakoshi BLM RD291108200R) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: