Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Modulation of Unfolded Protein Response Restores Survival and Function of β-Cells Exposed to the Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A.

doi: 10.3390/ijms24032023

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Insulin processing is affected by BPA and Tm in MIN6 cells and isolated islets. (A) Time course of BPA-induced Ins2 gene expression at different time points (2, 6, 12, 24, 48 h) in MIN6 cells. RT-qPCR analysis of the Ins2 gene in MIN6 cells (B) and isolated islets (C) after 24 h of treatment with different concentrations of BPA and 5 µg/mL Tm. Fold change values were calculated by normalization to Gapdh and then to the NT values. (D) Representative fluorescence microscopy images with MIN6 cells after 24 h of treatment with 100, 250 µM BPA and 5 µg/mL Tm, marked for proinsulin (red) and insulin (green). The nucleus was stained with DAPI. (E) Graphic representation of the mean intensity of the red fluorescent channel (proinsulin) and (F) the mean intensity of the green fluorescent channel (insulin) per cell (n > 200 cells) in MIN6 cells after 24 h of treatment with increasing concentrations of BPA (as shown) and 5 µg/mL Tm. The mean intensity was determined with QuPath. Graphs display the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles. * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.0001, ns—not significant, based on one way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Antibodies The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence: mouse monoclonal anti-human/mouse proinsulin biotinylated antibody (1:200; R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, United States), #BAM13361), mouse monoclonal anti-calnexin antibody (1:100; Novus Biologicals (Englewood, CO, USA), #NB300-518), rabbit polyclonal anti-GM130 antibody (1:200; Novus Biologicals, #NBP2-53420), guinea pig polyclonal anti-insulin antibody (1:50; GeneTex (Zeeland, MI, USA), #GTX27842).

Techniques: Isolation, Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Microscopy, Staining

Journal: Cell Transplantation

Article Title: Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restored High-Fat-Fed Induced Hyperinsulinemia in Rats at Early Stage of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

doi: 10.1177/0963689720904628

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of the high-fat-fed hyperinsulinemia rat model. Glucose (A), insulin (B), and proinsulin (C) concentration increased in 4-week high-fat-fed rats with obvious deterioration in lipometabolism (D) and abnormal ALT/AST concentration (E). ** P < 0.01 vs control. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDL, low density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol.

Article Snippet: On experimental days, food was removed at 8 am and blood was sampled 4 h later for analysis for insulin (Rat INS (Insulin) ELISA Kit, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), proinsulin (Rat PI (Proinsulin) ELISA Kit, Elabscience), triglyceride (TG) (glycerine phosphate oxidase peroxidase method, JCBio, Wuhan, China), low-density lipoprotein (LDL kit, JCBio), T-CHO (glucose oxidase-phenol amino phenazone method, JCBio), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (microplate method, JCBio), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (microplate method, JCBio).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Cell Transplantation

Article Title: Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restored High-Fat-Fed Induced Hyperinsulinemia in Rats at Early Stage of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

doi: 10.1177/0963689720904628

Figure Lengend Snippet: BM-MSCs attenuated changes in glucose/insulin/proinsulin concentration and restored lipometabolism disorder in high-fat-fed rats. MSCs induced a significant decrease in both glucose (A) and insulin/proinsulin concentration (B). Lipometabolic disorders (C) and concentration of AST/ALT (D) were successfully restored and almost to the normal level by 5 × 10 5 MSCs. ** P < 0.01 vs control (I), # P < 0.05 and ## P < 0.01 vs fat-fed (II). ALT, XXX; AST, XXX; BM-MSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; LDL, XXX; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; TG, XXX; TC, XXX.

Article Snippet: On experimental days, food was removed at 8 am and blood was sampled 4 h later for analysis for insulin (Rat INS (Insulin) ELISA Kit, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), proinsulin (Rat PI (Proinsulin) ELISA Kit, Elabscience), triglyceride (TG) (glycerine phosphate oxidase peroxidase method, JCBio, Wuhan, China), low-density lipoprotein (LDL kit, JCBio), T-CHO (glucose oxidase-phenol amino phenazone method, JCBio), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (microplate method, JCBio), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (microplate method, JCBio).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control, Derivative Assay

Journal: Endocrine Reviews

Article Title: The β Cell in Diabetes: Integrating Biomarkers With Functional Measures

doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnab021

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of current human proinsulin and C-peptide assays

Article Snippet: Further advancements toward understanding β-cell prohormone processing in diabetes will require development of approaches, such as mass spectrometry ( 80 ), that are able to better discriminate the different forms in human plasma while at the same time being sensitive and specific. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 3. caption a7 Propeptide cross-reactivity Mature peptide cross-reactivity Manufacturer Catalog number Sensitivity Intact proinsulin a split-32,33 des-31,32 split-65,66 des-64,65 Mature insulin C-peptide a Proinsulin Abcam ab242235 0.75 pmol/L - NS NS NS NS >50 ng/mL >50 ng/mL Alpco 80-PINHUT-CH01 0.455 pg/mL - NS 100% NS 100% <0.6% <0.1% EMD Millipore EZHPI-15K 0.5 pmol/L - NS 100% NS 81% >200 µU/mL >10 ng/mL Invitron IV2-002 0.02 pmol/L - 5.6% 1.4% 37% 63% 0% 0% Mercodia 10-1118-01 1.7 pmol/L - 95% 95% 90% 84% <0.03% <0.006% Meso Scale Diagnostics K1516MK 0.05 pmol/L - NS NS NS NS <0.5% 0.7% R&D Systems DPINS0 1.43 pmol/L - NS NS NS NS >3450 pmol/L NS TECOmedical Group TE1012 0.3 pmol/L - 5000 pmol/L <200 pmol/L 1000 pmol/L 200 pmol/L <10 000 pmol/L 50 000 pmol/L C-peptide Alpco 80-CPTHU-CH01 <4.32 pg/mL <0.01% NS 0.3% NS 33.2% ND - Alpco 80-CPTHU-E01.1 2.95 pmol/L 3% NS NS NS NS <0.01% - Beckman Coulter b C33451 0.01 ng/mL 3% NS NS NS NS 0% - Invitron IV2-004 5 pmol/L 2% NS NS NS NS 0% - Mercodia 10-1136-01 ≤25 pmol/L (0.076 μg/L) 2% 2% 3% 10% 74% <0.0006% - Mercodia 10-1141-01 2.5 pmol/L (0.0076 µg/L) 5% 2% 3% 10% 74% <0.0006% - Meso Scale Diagnostics K1516JK 14 pg/mL 27% ND ND ND ND 0.50% - Meso Scale Diagnostics K151X5D 4.72 pg/mL 32.4% NS NS NS NS 0.03% - Tosoh 25284 0.2 ng/mL 31.5% NS NS NS NS ND - Open in a separate window Information provided is as stated by the manufacturers and not independently verified.

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