Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Doses (mg/mL) of prebiotic compounds and probiotic formulas used for a screening experiment, and the source for each dose. Doses for prebiotics were calculated from the study doses using an average body weight of 100 mg per bee. Doses for probiotics were calculated from the manufacturer’s instructions, also using an average body weight of 100 mg per bee. All doses were prepared in 50% sucrose syrup.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Probiotics

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean N. ceranae spore number per bee ± SE of non-infected (negative control) or infected bees fed sugar syrup (positive control) or sugar syrup containing prebiotics or probiotics.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Negative Control, Infection, Positive Control, Probiotics, Comparison

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean bee mortality ± SE (%) of non-infected (negative control) and N. ceranae -infected bees fed sugar syrup (positive control) or sugar syrup containing prebiotics or probiotics.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Negative Control, Infection, Positive Control, Probiotics, Comparison

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean feed and water intake ± SE (mg of syrup or water/bee in 16 days) of non-infected (negative control) and N. ceranae -infected bees fed sugar syrup (positive control) or sugar syrup containing prebiotics or probiotics.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Negative Control, Infection, Positive Control, Probiotics

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between N. ceranae spore count (Log10) and concentration (mg/mL) of the probiotics Vetafarm Probotic ( A ), Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( B ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( C ), fed to N. ceranae -infected honey bees. Treatments followed by the same letter are not significantly different.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Probiotics, Infection

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between percent bee mortality and concentration (mg/mL) of the probiotics Vetafarm Probotic ( A ), Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( B ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( C ), fed to N. ceranae -infected honey bees. Treatments followed by the same letter are not significantly different.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Probiotics, Infection

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between feed intake and concentration (mg/mL) of the probiotics Vetafarm Probotic ( A ), Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( B ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( C ), fed to N. ceranae -infected honey bees. Treatments followed by the same letter are not significantly different.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Probiotics, Infection

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between water intake and concentration (mg/mL) of the probiotics Vetafarm Probotic ( A ), Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( B ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( C ), fed to N. ceranae -infected honey bees. Treatments followed by the same letter are not significantly different.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Probiotics, Infection

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera ) Infected with the Microsporidian Parasite Nosema ceranae

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kaplan-Meier survival curves for N. ceranae -infected honey bees fed the probiotics Vetafarm Probotic and Protexin Concentrate single-strain. Curves labelled with the same letter are not significantly different.

Article Snippet: The dietary fiber prebiotics acacia gum, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides, as well as the commercial probiotics Vetafarm Probotic, Protexin Concentrate single-strain ( Enterococcus faecium ), and Protexin Concentrate multi-strain ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus salivarius , and E. faecium ) were tested for their effect on N. ceranae spore loads and honey bee survivorship.

Techniques: Infection, Probiotics

Journal: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Article Title: Probiotics Affect One‐Carbon Metabolites and Catecholamines in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression

doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201701070

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma and tissue concentrations of C1 metabolites in Flinders Sensitive Line rats after 10 weeks of vehicle or probiotic intake at two different doses

Article Snippet: The commercial probiotic formulation Probio'Stick (Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada) was used.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Article Title: Probiotics Affect One‐Carbon Metabolites and Catecholamines in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression

doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201701070

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentrations of C1 metabolites in urine and stool extracts from Flinders Sensitive Line rats after 10 weeks of vehicle or probiotic intake at two different doses

Article Snippet: The commercial probiotic formulation Probio'Stick (Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada) was used.

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Article Title: Probiotics Affect One‐Carbon Metabolites and Catecholamines in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression

doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201701070

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma and tissue concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters in Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats after 10 weeks of vehicle a or probiotic b intake at two different doses

Article Snippet: The commercial probiotic formulation Probio'Stick (Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada) was used.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: The Journal of International Medical Research

Article Title: Synbiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a probiotics strain-specific network meta-analysis

doi: 10.1177/0300060519876753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of included studies.

Article Snippet: Oudhuis 2011 , The Netherlands , Patients >18 years with expected duration of mechanical ventilation of at least 48 h, expected length of ICU stay of at least 72 h, or both; n = 254. , Open label, crossover of units design, randomized clinical trial. , Probiotic group: Lactobacillus plantarum 299/299v. Control group: selective decontamination of the digestive tract. , Dose of 5 × 10 9 CFU together with 6 g of rose-hip (Probi AB, Lund, Sweden). The manufactured freeze-dried powder was dissolved in 75 mL of water and administered twice daily through a nasogastric tube. , Confirmation of clinically suspected VAP required ≥2% cells containing intracellular organisms and/or a quantitative culture result of ≥10 4 CFU/mL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. , 4.

Techniques: Control, Infection, Bacteria, Cell Counting, Biomarker Discovery, Capsules, Probiotics, Staining, Sterility

Journal: The Journal of International Medical Research

Article Title: Synbiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a probiotics strain-specific network meta-analysis

doi: 10.1177/0300060519876753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Forest plot for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), including subgroup analysis of eight different probiotic strains. Fourteen studies were included.

Article Snippet: Oudhuis 2011 , The Netherlands , Patients >18 years with expected duration of mechanical ventilation of at least 48 h, expected length of ICU stay of at least 72 h, or both; n = 254. , Open label, crossover of units design, randomized clinical trial. , Probiotic group: Lactobacillus plantarum 299/299v. Control group: selective decontamination of the digestive tract. , Dose of 5 × 10 9 CFU together with 6 g of rose-hip (Probi AB, Lund, Sweden). The manufactured freeze-dried powder was dissolved in 75 mL of water and administered twice daily through a nasogastric tube. , Confirmation of clinically suspected VAP required ≥2% cells containing intracellular organisms and/or a quantitative culture result of ≥10 4 CFU/mL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. , 4.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of International Medical Research

Article Title: Synbiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a probiotics strain-specific network meta-analysis

doi: 10.1177/0300060519876753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative ranking of eight probiotic strains assessed using SUCRA values.

Article Snippet: Oudhuis 2011 , The Netherlands , Patients >18 years with expected duration of mechanical ventilation of at least 48 h, expected length of ICU stay of at least 72 h, or both; n = 254. , Open label, crossover of units design, randomized clinical trial. , Probiotic group: Lactobacillus plantarum 299/299v. Control group: selective decontamination of the digestive tract. , Dose of 5 × 10 9 CFU together with 6 g of rose-hip (Probi AB, Lund, Sweden). The manufactured freeze-dried powder was dissolved in 75 mL of water and administered twice daily through a nasogastric tube. , Confirmation of clinically suspected VAP required ≥2% cells containing intracellular organisms and/or a quantitative culture result of ≥10 4 CFU/mL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. , 4.

Techniques: BAC Assay

Journal: The Journal of International Medical Research

Article Title: Synbiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a probiotics strain-specific network meta-analysis

doi: 10.1177/0300060519876753

Figure Lengend Snippet: a–b: Forest plot for in-hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. In subgroup analysis, six different probiotic strains were included for in-hospital mortality and five different probiotic strains for ICU mortality.

Article Snippet: Oudhuis 2011 , The Netherlands , Patients >18 years with expected duration of mechanical ventilation of at least 48 h, expected length of ICU stay of at least 72 h, or both; n = 254. , Open label, crossover of units design, randomized clinical trial. , Probiotic group: Lactobacillus plantarum 299/299v. Control group: selective decontamination of the digestive tract. , Dose of 5 × 10 9 CFU together with 6 g of rose-hip (Probi AB, Lund, Sweden). The manufactured freeze-dried powder was dissolved in 75 mL of water and administered twice daily through a nasogastric tube. , Confirmation of clinically suspected VAP required ≥2% cells containing intracellular organisms and/or a quantitative culture result of ≥10 4 CFU/mL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. , 4.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of International Medical Research

Article Title: Synbiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a probiotics strain-specific network meta-analysis

doi: 10.1177/0300060519876753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Forest plot for intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, including subgroup analysis of five probiotic strains. Five studies were included.

Article Snippet: Oudhuis 2011 , The Netherlands , Patients >18 years with expected duration of mechanical ventilation of at least 48 h, expected length of ICU stay of at least 72 h, or both; n = 254. , Open label, crossover of units design, randomized clinical trial. , Probiotic group: Lactobacillus plantarum 299/299v. Control group: selective decontamination of the digestive tract. , Dose of 5 × 10 9 CFU together with 6 g of rose-hip (Probi AB, Lund, Sweden). The manufactured freeze-dried powder was dissolved in 75 mL of water and administered twice daily through a nasogastric tube. , Confirmation of clinically suspected VAP required ≥2% cells containing intracellular organisms and/or a quantitative culture result of ≥10 4 CFU/mL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. , 4.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of International Medical Research

Article Title: Synbiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a probiotics strain-specific network meta-analysis

doi: 10.1177/0300060519876753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Forest plot for diarrhea, including subgroup analysis of five probiotic strains. Six studies were included.

Article Snippet: Oudhuis 2011 , The Netherlands , Patients >18 years with expected duration of mechanical ventilation of at least 48 h, expected length of ICU stay of at least 72 h, or both; n = 254. , Open label, crossover of units design, randomized clinical trial. , Probiotic group: Lactobacillus plantarum 299/299v. Control group: selective decontamination of the digestive tract. , Dose of 5 × 10 9 CFU together with 6 g of rose-hip (Probi AB, Lund, Sweden). The manufactured freeze-dried powder was dissolved in 75 mL of water and administered twice daily through a nasogastric tube. , Confirmation of clinically suspected VAP required ≥2% cells containing intracellular organisms and/or a quantitative culture result of ≥10 4 CFU/mL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. , 4.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of subjects with and without probiotic use ( n = 14,992; N = 46,217,980).

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques: Comparison, Medications

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average probiotic use over time.

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average probiotic type used over time.

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Unadjusted linear regression models for cm outcomes by probiotic use (Yes).

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adjusted linear regression model for outcome: A1c.

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adjusted linear regression model for outcome: triglyceride level.

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of subjects by probiotic supplement type ( n = 169; N = 763,288).

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Unadjusted linear regression models for CM outcomes by probiotic supplement type.

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Association of probiotic supplementation and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with coronary artery disease—a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database between 1999–2019

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1495633

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adjusted linear regression model for outcome: HDL-C.

Article Snippet: MW receives probiotic supplement pills and matching placebo for clinical trials not related to this study from Probi (Lund, Sweden).

Techniques: