Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: NUP62 localizes to ALS/FTLD pathological assemblies and contributes to TDP-43 insolubility

doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31098-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a HEK293 cells were co-transfected with mRuby-NUP62 and eGFP-TDP-43 (wild type). The cells were observed through live-scan confocal microscopy starting 3 h after transfection and images were obtained every 5 min over the course of 15 h. Two populations of cytoplasmic mRuby-NUP62 condensates were observed: reversible or irreversible. Reversible structures exhibit more dynamic activity and appear circular (see arrow). Irreversible structures appear less mobile or more static and have an angular structure (see asterisks). b Schematic depicting characteristics of cytoplasmic mRuby-NUP62 structures is shown at bottom. Representative still images were obtained from the 6–10 h time points of the imaging session. c Quantification of NUP62 area in confocal microscopy images obtained during live imaging (5–15 h timepoints) described in Fig. 5A, B. Irreversible condensates were significantly larger than reversible structures. The size of reversible granules was determined at times point immediately prior to dissipation. Irreversible granule area was calculated at final time point collected during live imaging session. n = 50 (reversible), 20 (irreversible) NUP62 + granules. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed, unpaired student’s t-test. Data are shown as mean + /- SEM. d The percentage of reversible and irreversible mRuby-NUP62 granules containing eGFP-TDP-43 were calculated for each frame taken throughout the duration of living imaging session (5–15 h timepoints) described in Fig. 5a, b. A greater percentage of irreversible mRuby-NUP62 condensates contained eGFP-TDP43. n = 12 frames per group. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed, unpaired student’s t-test. Data are shown as mean + /- SEM. e mRuby-NUP62 condensates were characterized for circularity score at the final time point of live image session (5–15 h timepoints) described in Fig. 5a, b. Irreversible mRuby-NUP62 + eGFP-TDP-43 + condensates ( n = 26 condensates) had a significantly reduced circularity score relative to eGFP-TDP-43 - ( n = 17 condensates) and reversible mRuby-NUP62 + eGFP-TDP-43 + condensates ( n = 12 condensates). Statistically differences were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis. Data are shown as mean + /- SEM. f Representative FRAP analysis images of nuclear eGFP-TDP-43 (reference solubility control) and cytoplasmic eGFP-TDP-43 and mRuby-NUP62 condensates. g Quantification of FRAP analysis shows reduced fluorescence signal recovery in cytoplasmic eGFP-TDP-43 and mRuby-NUP62 condensates relative to nuclear eGFP-TDP-43 control. Data are shown as mean + /- SD. h HEK293 cells were transfected with indicated plasmids for 24 h. Soluble and insoluble biochemical fractionation was then conducted, and Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate TDP-43 and GAPDH (protein loading control). mRuby-NUP62 promotes the formation of increased insoluble TDP-43. Representative western blot image is shown. i HEK293 cells were transfected with mRuby-NUP62 and eGFP-TDP-43 (WT or ΔNLS) for 24 h. Samples were then immunoprecipitated by ChromoTek GFP-Trap Magnetic Agarose affinity beads. Samples were then immunoblotted for NUP62 and TDP-43. * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; **** p ≤ 0.0001 vs control. Scale bar: 10 µm.

Article Snippet: NUP62 (Gift from Akiko Takedo) and mRuby (from Addgene Plasmid# 54614) fragments were PCR-amplified.

Techniques: Transfection, Confocal Microscopy, Activity Assay, Imaging, Two Tailed Test, Solubility, Control, Fluorescence, Fractionation, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: Current biology : CB

Article Title: Microtubule-Dependent Confinement of a Cell Signaling and Actin Polymerization Control Module Regulates Polarized Cell Growth.

doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.076

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Microtubules Confine SPK1 Signaling Nodules to the Branch Apex (A) YFP:SPK1 punctae are clustered within a microtubule-depletion zone. Right: representative intensity plot of YFP:SPK1 and mRUBY2:MBD signal along the cell periphery below the yellow line. (B) Microtubule organization in developing tri- chomes expressing GFP:MBD with and without oryzalin treatment. Microtubules are completely depolymerized after 1.5 hr of oryzalin treatment, but recovered after inhibitor washout. (C–E) SPK1 localization becomes progressively unfocused following oryzalin treatment, and the effect is reversible following inhibitor washout (C). Perimeter length of the SPK1 signal, normalized by tip radius of curvature, as a function of oryzalin treatment time and inhibitor washout (D). Signal intensity of the cortical SPK1 signal normalized to local cytosolic signal intensity as a function of oryzalin treatment time and inhibitor washout (E). Mean ± SD (n = 22). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (ANOVA with Tukey HSD test). Scale bars represent 5 mm. See also Figure S4.

Article Snippet: The MYB5 promoter, mRUBY2 and MBD-nos terminator were amplified from pEGADMYB5pro (provided by D Marks, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN), pFA6a-link-yomRuby2-Kan (Addgene, Cambridge, MA) and GFP:MBD [36], respectively.

Techniques: Expressing