Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Innate immune signaling in Drosophila shifts anabolic lipid metabolism from triglyceride storage to phospholipid synthesis to support immune function

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009192

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic representation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis via the Kennedy pathway. ( B ) Late third instar fat body levels of eas , Pect , and CG7149 transcripts, normalized to Rp49 , n = 7/group. ***p = 0.0002 and ****p = 0.0001 versus GFP. ( C ) Late third instar fat body levels of CG2201 , Pcyt1 , and bbc transcripts, normalized to Rp49 . n = 7/group. **p ≤ 0.0071 versus GFP. ( D,E ) Western blot analysis of eas (D) and Pcyt1 (E) protein levels in fat bodies expressing GFP or Toll 10b under control of r4-GAL4. Histone H3 levels are shown as loading controls. ( F,G ) eas (F) and Pcyt1 (G) mRNA levels, normalized to Rp49 , in third instar larval fat bodies from uninfected controls, larvae subjected to sterile injury, and larvae infected with Enterococcus faecalis at 6–36 hours post infection, n = 7-10/group. *p ≤ 0.0496, **p ≤ 0.0035, and ***p = 0.0009 versus uninfected controls. ( H ) Mass spectrometry analysis of total phosphatidylethanolamine levels (PE, left) and phosphatidylcholine levels (PC, right) in lipid extracts from late third instar larval fat bodies expressing GFP or Toll 10b , n = 6/group. *p = 0.0417 and **p = 0.0080 versus GFP. ( I ) Mass spectrometry analysis of PE (left) and PC species (right) in lipid extracts from late third instar larval fat bodies expressing GFP or Toll 10b , n = 6/group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus GFP. Data are shown as means ± SD. p values were determined by Student’s unpaired t test (B, C, H, I) and one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (F, G).

Article Snippet: Standards were phosphatidylcholine (3 μL at 1 μg/μL; egg L-α-phosphatidylcholine Avanti Polar Lipids, 131601) and phosphatidylethanolamine (3 μL at 1 μg/μL; egg L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine Avanti Polar Lipids, 840021).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Sterility, Infection, Mass Spectrometry

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Glucose may be biotransformed and then react with alcohol, fats, endocannabinoids, or various amino acids to form dopamine or norepinephrine in vivo

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1715092

Figure Lengend Snippet: D-glucose may be biotransformed and then react with various molecules to form catecholamines in vivo . In this scenario, D-glucose is converted to gallic acid (or a similar phenylic molecule) and then reacts with ethanol, various amino acids (alanine, aspartate, serine), endocannabinoids (anandamide, 2-AG), or fats (phosphatidylethanolamine or related molecules) to form dopamine or norepinephrine. The yellow boxes inside the blue circle highlight the moiety, in many cases ethylamine or ethanolamine, that reacts with gallic acid (which is decarboxylated) to form dopamine or norepinephrine, which can then lead to formation of epinephrine through the canonical molecular pathway described over 70 years ago. Double arrows indicate two or more chemical reactions.

Article Snippet: Instead of ethanol, the following other molecules could be administered (as shown in ): alanine (MilliporeSigma; D,L-alanine-2,3,3,3-d4; catalog # 488917), aspartate (MilliporeSigma; D,L-aspartic acid-2,3,3-d3; catalog # 589667), serine (MilliporeSigma; D,L-serine-2,3,3-d3; catalog # 688436), anandamide (could be custom synthesized by various companies), 2-AG (MedChemExpress; 2-arachidonoylglycerol-d5; catalog # HY-W011051S1), or phosphatidylethanolamine (BOC Sciences, Shirley, NY).

Techniques: In Vivo

Journal: Cell stem cell

Article Title: The Mitochondrial Transacylase, Tafazzin, Regulates AML Stemness by Modulating Intracellular Levels of Phospholipids

doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: Soy PE , Avanti Polar Lipids , Cat# 840024P.

Techniques: Recombinant, Modification, Western Blot, Binding Assay, XF Assay, Electron Microscopy, Staining, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Reverse Transcription, Plasmid Preparation, Apoptosis Assay, DC Protein Assay, SYBR Green Assay, Gene Expression, shRNA, Control, CRISPR, Software