Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase is required for antifungal resistance and virulence of Candida glabrata

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serial 10-fold dilutions of logarithmic-phase cells of C . glabrata were spotted onto SC plates containing the indicated compounds at the specified concentrations. Plates were incubated at 30°C for 48 h and photographed. The images are representative of three independent replicate experiments. BPS, bathophenanthroline disulfonate; and DFO, desferrioxamine.

Article Snippet: Desferrioxamine (DFO) was purchased from EMD Chemicals (San Diego, CA) and bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPS) was from MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH).

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The astrocyte α1-adrenoreceptor is a key component of the neuromodulatory system in mouse visual cortex

doi: 10.1101/2023.05.02.538934

Figure Lengend Snippet: α1A-NAR signaling triggers astrocyte responses in V1. A. Calcium imaging of Rhod-2-loaded astrocytes expressing the Adra1a-shRNA construct. (Left) example picture of EGFP-Adra1a-shRNA positive astrocytes and (right) pseudo-color images of the Rhod-2 channel for the same cells at baseline and following phenylephrine (PHE) application at two different timepoints. The pseudo-color images represent an average of multiple frames acquired over a 10s period centered on the indicated timepoints. Arrowheads and numbers represent three cells of interest B. Example ΔF/F 0 traces for cells of interest indicated in (A). The red dotted lines represent the timepoints around which the averaged pseudo-color images in (A) were obtained. C. Scatter plots of the time to peak for the PHE response as a function of the absolute EGFP fluorescence measured in shRNA expressing astrocytes (circles). The thick yellow line indicates a linear regression model fitted to the data; the dashed yellow lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals. The model parameters are indicated in the main text. The black dashed line indicates the chosen boundary segregating low and high EGFP intensity bins, used in the following figure panels. D-E (Left) averaged ΔF/F 0 traces (solid line) and corresponding SEM (shaded area) for astrocytes expressing scrambled-shRNA (black) or Adra1a-shRNA (magenta). (Right) Properties of astrocyte responses to PHE. Cells were grouped as low or high EGFP intensity cells depending on their absolute EGFP fluorescence, as indicated in (C). ((D), scrambled-shRNA: n = 38 astrocytes; Adra1a-shRNA: n = 70 astrocytes; (E), scrambled-shRNA: n = 49 astrocytes; Adra1a-shRNA: n = 32 astrocytes). Scrambled-shRNA: n = 8 mice. Adra1a-shRNA: n = 7 mice. p-values for Wilcoxon rank sum test are indicated above the box-plot graphs and are displayed in bold when below 5%. White circles indicate values from individual astrocytes. All descriptive statistics and statistical test parameters are summarized in Table S1.

Article Snippet: First, recording ACSF containing 50 µM (R)-(-)- Phenylephrine hydrochloride, (PHE, Tocris Bioscience) was applied at t + 60 s and maintained for the remaining duration of the recording period (240 s).

Techniques: Imaging, Expressing, shRNA, Construct, Fluorescence