Journal: Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

Article Title: PAC1R genotype to phenotype correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.1002/aur.2051

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene-level brain expression graphs were generated with data from the BrainSpan project (Kang et al., 2011) collected from post-mortem human brain samples. The x-axis shows periods of development with the dark vertical line signifying birth (developmental time points are defined in Table 1). Along the y-axis are values of median expression (Log2-Transformed Signal Intensity) for which values ≥ 6 signify high levels of expression in at least one post-mortem brain sample. A. Expression of PAC1R is observed in multiple brain regions starting at stage 1 of fetal development. B. Differential expression of PAC1R is observed between males and females in multiple brain regions with median values above 0.0 denoting higher expression in males and values below 0.0 denoting higher expression in females. C. Differential expression of PAC1R between males and females only in the amygdala. Abbreviations: AMY, amygdala; CBC, cerebellar cortex; HIP, hippocampus; MD, mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus; NCX, neocortex; STR, striatum.

Article Snippet: PAC1R Interactome To investigate potential interactors of PAC1R protein with other proteins and a potential functional relationship with known ASD susceptibility genes, we generated a protein interactome utilizing Genomatix ( ).

Techniques: Expressing, Generated, Transformation Assay, Quantitative Proteomics

Journal: Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

Article Title: PAC1R genotype to phenotype correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.1002/aur.2051

Figure Lengend Snippet: ISH analyses at E13.5 shows Pac1r mRNA expression in known amygdala progenitor zones (A, boxed regions). Higher magnification image shows numerous Pac1r+ cells (brown) in the emerging amygdala (B) and the VP (C, arrows), a source of progenitors destined to give rise to excitatory output neurons in the BLA. Pac1r+ cells (arrow) are also observed in the POA (D), a source of progenitors destined to give rise to inhibitory output neurons in the MeA. Abbreviations: AMY, Amygdala; BLA, Basolateral Amygdala; CeA, Central Amygdala; CTX, Cortex; HIP, Hippocampus; MeA, Medial Amygdala; LGE, Lateral Ganglionic Eminence; MGE, Medial Ganglionic Eminence; POA, Pre-Optic Area; VP, Ventral Pallium.

Article Snippet: PAC1R Interactome To investigate potential interactors of PAC1R protein with other proteins and a potential functional relationship with known ASD susceptibility genes, we generated a protein interactome utilizing Genomatix ( ).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

Article Title: PAC1R genotype to phenotype correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.1002/aur.2051

Figure Lengend Snippet: ISH analyses at E18.5 shows high levels of Pac1r mRNA in developing amygdala nuclei (A, B). Higher magnification of the MeA (C) and BLA (D) show numerous Pac1r+ cells (arrows). (E) At post-natal day 7 many Pac1r+ cells are observed in multiple amygdala sub-nuclei. Abbreviations: BLA, basolateral amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; MeA, medial amygdala; HYP, hypothalamus; Pir, piriform cortex

Article Snippet: PAC1R Interactome To investigate potential interactors of PAC1R protein with other proteins and a potential functional relationship with known ASD susceptibility genes, we generated a protein interactome utilizing Genomatix ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

Article Title: PAC1R genotype to phenotype correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.1002/aur.2051

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAC1R is at a hub of different signaling cascades involved in stress, metabolism, and inflammatory responses, among others. Plot and legend adapted from Genomatix (v.s. 3.9).

Article Snippet: PAC1R Interactome To investigate potential interactors of PAC1R protein with other proteins and a potential functional relationship with known ASD susceptibility genes, we generated a protein interactome utilizing Genomatix ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

Article Title: PAC1R genotype to phenotype correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.1002/aur.2051

Figure Lengend Snippet: ADI behavioral scores by PAC1R SNP allele status. A significant correlation exists between Reciprocal Social scores and allele status. Bars show standard error, n = 129, p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: PAC1R Interactome To investigate potential interactors of PAC1R protein with other proteins and a potential functional relationship with known ASD susceptibility genes, we generated a protein interactome utilizing Genomatix ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Addiction Biology

Article Title: PACAP Signalling Network in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Regulates Reinstatement Behaviour in Rat

doi: 10.1111/adb.70090

Figure Lengend Snippet: PACAP signalling in the NAcc. (A) Western blots of NAcc punch lysates confirming the presence of PACAP receptor (PAC1R), with specificity validated using a synthetic blocking peptide. (B) Quantification of endogenous PACAP levels in the NAcc extracellular lysate by microdialysis (176.70 ± 53.27 pM, mean ± SEM). (C) Diagram illustrating retrograde tracing, highlighting the neural pathway from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the NAcc. (D) Confocal image (10×) of the NAc injection site showing the spread of fluorescently conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTb 594) labelling (magenta) and cell nuclei stained with DAPI (blue), with the anterior commissure (aca) as an anatomical landmark. (E) Brain section highlighting prefrontal cortical regions with detailed anatomical labelling, including motor areas (M1 and M2), orbital cortices (MO, VO and LO) and agranular insular regions (AIV and AID). The inset (40 × composite) shows PACAP mRNA expression (green), CTb‐labelled projection neurons (magenta), nuclear DAPI staining (blue) and a merged image highlighting colocalization (yellow arrows). Abbreviations: OB (olfactory bulb), Cm (cerebellum), PrL (prelimbic cortex), Cg1 (cingulate cortex area 1), Fr3 (frontal cortex, Area 3).

Article Snippet: This is the first demonstration of PAC1R protein in the NAcc of Sprague–Dawley rats, which extends existing observations documenting the presence of PAC1R protein in the NAcc of Wistar rats [ , ].

Techniques: Western Blot, Blocking Assay, Retrograde Tracing, Injection, Staining, Expressing