Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bactericidal activity of 50% SPPP and 50% HISPPP decomplemented by heating at 56 °C for 30 min against wild-type (WT) Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival of Salmonella enterica strains during eight passages in 50% human serum from platelet-poor plasma (SPPP). Black/bottom line–survival of Salmonella enterica in 50% SPPP counted as log 10 of colony forming units per ml (CFU/mL −1 ) connected with dashed trendline formula; blue/upper line (control)–survival of bacteria in heat-inactivated (56 °C, 30 min) sera (HISPPP); SS–serum sensitive; SR–serum resistant; ( A )— S . Isaszeg P8 (SR); ( B )— S . Erlangen P8 (SR); ( C )— S . Hammonia P8 (SR); ( D )— S . Enteritidis ATCC 13076 P8 (SR); ( E )— S . Typhimurium ATCC 14028 P8 (SS); ( F )— S . Senftenberg P8 (SS).

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Control, Bacteria

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: SDS-PAGE analysis of the membrane protein (MP) profiles (12 μg/10 μL per well) of the studied Salmonella enterica isolates. Definitions of abbreviations: M—protein marker (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany), Line 1— S . Isaszeg, Line 2— S . Erlangen, Line 3— S . Hammonia, Line 4— S . Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Line 5— S . Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Line 6— S . Senftenberg; ( A ) WT (serum sensitive, SS) Salmonella strains, ( B ) Salmonella strains passaged eight times in 50% SPPP (P8); SR—serum resistant. The bottom half of represents densitograms obtained with Image Lab. V. 4.1 (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques: SDS Page, Membrane, Marker

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dot blot C1q and C3c-binding assays performed for membrane proteins (MPs) isolated from serum-resistant (SR) and serum-sensitive (SS) strains. 1—MPs of SS S . Hammonia, 2—MPs of SR S . Hammonia P8, 3—MPs of SS S . Typhimurium ATCC 14028, 4—MPs of SS S . Typhimurium ATCC 14028 P8. MPs in concentrations of ( A ) (25 × diluted in H 2 O miliQ , 0.24 mg/mL −1 ) and ( B ) (50 × diluted in H 2 O miliQ, 0.12 mg/mL −1 ) were loaded onto nitrocellulose membrane. K1—positive control 1; K2—positive control 2; K3—negative control 1, instead of MPs PBS was used; K4, negative control 2—instead of SPPP PBS was used.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques: Dot Blot, Binding Assay, Membrane, Isolation, Positive Control, Negative Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Minimal inhibitory concentrations for six antibiotics (MIC, mg L −1 ) and three disinfectants (MIC, %) in Salmonella enterica passages in 50% SPPP.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Virulence genes (VGs) profiles of Salmonella enterica strains.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilm production by wild-type Salmonella enterica strains and passaged in 50% SPPP determined by microtiter plate assay at 28 °C and 37 °C. Interpretation of the results: OD ≤ 0.011–non-biofilm producer; 0.011 < OD ≤ 0.022—weak-biofilm producer; 0.022 < OD ≤ 0.044—moderate-biofilm producer; 0.044 < OD—strong-biofilm producer; SS—serum sensitive, SR—serum resistant.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes of cells’ hydrophobicity after passages in 50% SPPP.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphology of bacterial colonies produced by serum-sensitive (SS) and serum-resistant (SR) strains. ( A ) Salmonella strains not passaged in SPPP, ( B ) Salmonella strains passaged eight times in 50% SPPP; 1— S . Erlangen, 2 — S . Hammonia, 3 — S . Typhimurium ATCC 14028.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques: Produced

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Swarming motility assay. Definitions of abbreviations: ( A )— Salmonella strains not passaged in SPPP, ( B )— Salmonella strains passaged eight times in 50% SPPP; 1— S . Erlangen, 2— S . Hammonia, 3— S . Isaszeg, 4— S . Senftenberg, 5— S . Enteritidis ATCC 13076, 6— S . Typhimurium ATCC 14028.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques: Motility Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: Swimming motility assay. Definitions of abbreviations: ( A )—the average (n = 3) diameter of bacterial cultures (WT and P8) grown on 0.3% soft agar supplemented with TTC at 28 °C and 37 °C. ( B )—differences between inoculum growth of pairs S . Erlangen (SS)/ S . Erlangen P8 (SR) and S . Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (SS)/ S . Typhimurium ATCC 14028 P8 (SS); WT—wild-type strain (SS), P8—strain passaged eight times in 50% SPPP; * indicates a statistically significant difference in values ( p < 0.05) with respect to the WT strains, SS—serum sensitive, SR—serum resistant.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques: Motility Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010883

Figure Lengend Snippet: The origin and antigenic characteristics of Salmonella enterica strains used in the study. Definitions of abbreviations: P8—strain passaged eight times in SPPP at 37 °C; PCM—Polish Collection of Microorganisms, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; IP—Institute Pasteur, Paris, France; NBIMCC—National Bank of Industrial Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Sofia, Bulgaria; ATCC—American Type Culture Collection; * sensitive to 75% normal human serum (NHS) at 37 °C obtained from five volunteers who had not received any antimicrobial drug treatment for six months [ 10 ]; ** sensitive or resistant to 50% human serum from platelet-poor plasma (SPPP), sterile-filtered, mycoplasma and virus tested (Sigma-Aldrich, Poznan, Poland) at 37 °C (this study); *** resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) at 37 °C obtained from the Regional Center of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Wroclaw, Poland (120 donors) and approved by the authors’ institutional review board [ 16 ]; NeuAc/Kdo—the ratio of N -acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) to 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo) analyzed with GLC-MS; NT—not tested.

Article Snippet: enterica , Typhimurium , 1 ,4,[5],12 , i,1,2 , S . Typhimurium P8 , ATCC 14028 , Sensitive **, this study , NT.

Techniques: Surround Optical-fiber Immunoassay, Clinical Proteomics, Sterility, Virus

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Multi-omics reveal vitamin D regulation of immune-gut microbiome interactions and tolerogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102703

Figure Lengend Snippet: Study schematic and clinical trial outcomes in IBD (A) Vitamin D clinical trial, sample collection, and processing overview. (B) Vitamin D treatment leads to improvement in serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, fecal calprotectin, disease activity scores (partial Mayo scores and Harvey Bradshaw index), and quality-of-life scores (SIBDQ). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (C) Vitamin D increased IgA-only binding while decreasing IgG-all binding to the gut microbiota in patients with IBD. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (D) Correlation matrix demonstrating association of IgA-bound and IgG-bound gut microbiota with IBD clinical parameters. Stars indicate nominal Wilcoxon signed-rank test p values: ns: p > 0.05; ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Fecal calprotectin extraction was performed using the Buhlmann Calprotectin ELISA kit (Catalog No. 200096) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Alpco Immunoassays).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Binding Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Multi-omics reveal vitamin D regulation of immune-gut microbiome interactions and tolerogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102703

Figure Lengend Snippet: scRNA-seq reveals a4β7+ B cell heterogeneity and a4β7+ B cell immunophenotypes regulated by vitamin D (A and B) (A) UMAP of a4β7+ B cells ( n = 48 patients, two time points) according to subtype (left) and pseudo time (right). (B) Differential abundance analyses of a4β7+ B cells reveals enrichment of a4β7+ CX3CR1 B regulatory cells with vitamin D. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (C and D) (C) a4β7+ plasmablasts correlate with inflammation measured by fecal calprotectin. (D) Co-culture experiments of peripheral blood CD19 + B cells with pDCs (5,000 pDCs: 250,000 B cells) and 100 nM 1,25(OH)D2 for 48 h leads to increased IgA expression (measured my mean fluorescence intensity) but not IgG or IgM. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (E) Co-culture experiments demonstrate that both pDCs and 1,25(OH)D2 together are needed to induce a4β7+ CX3CR1 B regulatory cells induction from peripheral blood CD19 + B cells. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (F) Correlation network plot demonstrating association of a4β7+ B cells (purple nodes) with IgA- (turquoise nodes) and IgG-bound (orange nodes) gut microbiota taxa. Positive associations are denoted by red lines, and negative associations are denoted by blue lines. Weight of lines denote strength of correlations. Stars indicate nominal Wilcoxon signed-rank test p values: ns: p > 0.05; ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Fecal calprotectin extraction was performed using the Buhlmann Calprotectin ELISA kit (Catalog No. 200096) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Alpco Immunoassays).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Expressing, Fluorescence