Journal: Neural regeneration research

Article Title: Growth hormone promotes the reconstruction of injured axons in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system.

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.389358

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 ｜Central diabetes insipidus and changes in anxiety state post-pituitary stalk electrical lesion. (A–C) Daily water consumption (A), daily urine volume (B), and urine specific gravity (C) indicated triphasic diabetes insipidus. GH treatment promoted water and electrolyte balance post-PEL. (D, E) Marble-burying test at 3 and 7 days post-surgery. (F) OXT serum content was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at three different time points (Sham, and 3 and 7 days post-PEL) and two conditions (GH- or NS-treated). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5) and were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (A–C and F) and one- way analysis of variance (D) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (A–E) or Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (F). *P < 0.05. GH: Growth hormone; NS: normal saline; ns: not significant; OXT: oxytocin; PEL: pituitary stalk electrical lesion; PEL_10d: 10 days post-PEL; PEL_3d: 3 days post-PEL.

Article Snippet: Oxytocin (OXT) content was detected following the manufacturer’s instructions using the OXT enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit (74-OXYHU-E01, ALPCO, Selam, NH,

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison, Saline

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Novel Long-Acting Oxytocin Analog with Increased Efficacy in Reducing Food Intake and Body Weight

doi: 10.3390/ijms231911249

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structure of novel long-acting oxytocin analogue ASK2131. The native oxytocin peptide was modified with a substitution of the Leu8 to a Lys appended with a polyethylene glycol space and a palmitoyl group and with a substitution of Gly for the Pro7 to enhance selectivity for the OXT receptor to create the prior peptide ASK1476. The design of ASK1476 had been further enhanced by replacing its disulfide bridge with a thioether isostere and removing the Cys amino group, to create ASK2131, a novel OXT receptor analog.

Article Snippet: Lyophilized oxytocin (Syntocinon) was purchased from Selleck Chemical (cat. # P1029; Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in 1 mL if sterile ultra-pure H 2 O.

Techniques: Modification

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Novel Long-Acting Oxytocin Analog with Increased Efficacy in Reducing Food Intake and Body Weight

doi: 10.3390/ijms231911249

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in body weight, food intake, and water intake were tested during 22-day treatment with ASK2131 vs. pair-feeding to ASK2131 vs. oxytocin (OXT) vs. vehicle in diet-induced obese (DIO) male Sprague Dawley rats which were matched based on baseline food intake and body weight gain trajectory. Body weight was reduced in all treatment groups with strongest reductions in percent reductions of body weight ( A , B ), and total body weight ( C ) in rats treated with ASK2131, followed by pair-fed to ASK2131. Daily food intake was reduced during the whole duration of 22-day treatment with ASK2131 in comparison to vehicle ( D ). Water intake was comparable between all treatment groups ( E ). A,D: Data were analyzed by repeated measure two-way ANOVA and Šídák’s correction for multiple comparisons for comparing treatment groups vs. vehicle. # / ## p < 0.05/0.01 ASK2131 vs. OXT. */** p < 0.05/0.01 ASK2131 vs. vehicle. B,C: Analysis by one way ANOVA followed by Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Lyophilized oxytocin (Syntocinon) was purchased from Selleck Chemical (cat. # P1029; Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in 1 mL if sterile ultra-pure H 2 O.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Novel Long-Acting Oxytocin Analog with Increased Efficacy in Reducing Food Intake and Body Weight

doi: 10.3390/ijms231911249

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of food intake pattern of continuously automatically recorded food intake of singly housed rats in BioDAQ cages. Strong reductions of food intake were noted already at days 1 and 2 during treatment with ASK2131, but not to OXT compared to baseline, both drugs at 50 nmol/kg ( A ). Cumulative food intake throughout the whole experiment was more reduced in response to ASK2131 than to oxytocin, even when doses were increased for oxytocin every 2 days up to 600 nmol/kg while the dose for ASK2131 was kept at 50 nmol/kg/d ( B ). Green—Vehicle; yellow—Oxytocin; purple—ASK2131; White—ambient light data recorded by BioDAQ system.

Article Snippet: Lyophilized oxytocin (Syntocinon) was purchased from Selleck Chemical (cat. # P1029; Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in 1 mL if sterile ultra-pure H 2 O.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Oxytocin-induced birth causes sex-specific behavioral and brain connectivity changes in developing rat offspring

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108960

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of placental transfer of Oxt and its impact on Oxtr in the developing brain (A) Schematic for placental Oxt transfer experiments. (B‒D) Dot plots with bar graphs showing Oxt concentration in the maternal plasma, fetal plasma, and the fetal brain, respectively, showing a nearly 2-fold elevation of Oxt in the fetal plasma and brain after Oxt infusion. (E) Schematic for stable isotope labeled Oxt (SIL-Oxt) experiments. (F) Retention time and precursor ion, 1014.46 m/z , of SIL-Oxt and the PRM (parallel reaction monitoring) transitions. The topmost intense fragment ion, 730.28 m/z , was selected. (G) Bar graph showing the presence of maternally administered SIL-Oxt in the newborn circulation confirming transplacental transfer of Oxt. (H) Schematic of the experimental timeline for impact of Oxt on Oxtr in the developing brain. (I) Dot plots with bar graphs showing a significant decrease in Oxtr gene expression in the fetal cortex. (J) Immunoblots showing a decrease in the expression of OXTR protein in the fetal brain after maternal Oxt infusion. Lanes were run on the same gel but were non-contiguous. (K) Dot plots with bar graphs showing densitometric quantification of the decrease in OXTR expression. (L) Dot plots with bar graphs showing a dose-dependent decrease in Oxtr gene expression in the fetal cortex suggesting that the consequences for the fetus could be dependent on maternal Oxt dose. (M) Details of the DNA methylation assay for the Oxtr. (N) Oxt exposure was associated with a significant decrease in the % methylation of selected CpG sites in the Oxtr promoter region. (O) Dot plots with bar graphs showing a decrease in Oxtr gene expression in the cortex of 1-day old vaginally born pups. Each data point represents a dam and/or its litter (n = 5–8 per condition except SIL-Oxt experiments). Data were analyzed with Welch’s t-test or one-way ANOVA and expressed as mean ± SEM; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-OxtR antibody , www.origene.com , TA351476.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Labeling, Targeted Proteomics, Gene Expression, Western Blot, Expressing, DNA Methylation Assay, Methylation

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Oxytocin-induced birth causes sex-specific behavioral and brain connectivity changes in developing rat offspring

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108960

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neurobehavioral and transcriptomic changes in the offspring after induced birth with Oxt (A) Schematic of the timeline of behavioral experiments from P8-P49. (B) Reduced number of ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) and phrases in Oxt-exposed P8 offspring. (C) Frequency of interaction during social play was not different after Oxt exposure. (D) Social investigation, shown as social preference index, was largely preserved in both female and male offspring after Oxt-induced birth. (E) Despite comparable freezing response at baseline, Oxt-exposed male pups displayed a significantly diminished freezing response during observational fear testing. Oxtr gene expression in the mPFC (F) and the BLA (G) was unaltered after Oxt exposure in both female and male P40 offspring. (H) Plasma Oxt was no different in the P40 offspring whose birth was induced. (I) Heatmap showing differentially expressed genes in male and female Oxt-exposed offspring, with sex of the offspring being the most important source of variation. Top 25 FDR-significant genes for gene ontology (GO) biological processes (J) suggesting upregulation of immune/inflammatory pathways. (K) Significantly differentially expressed gene pathways identified with KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses. Behavioral and assay data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 4–8 per treatment condition per sex, except Figure 3 B where n = 16 per treatment condition with sexes combined); ∗p < 0.05, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. RNA-seq data were analyzed with Limma generalized linear models and GAGE as described (n = 6 per sex per treatment condition).

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-OxtR antibody , www.origene.com , TA351476.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Clinical Proteomics, RNA Sequencing

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Oxytocin-induced birth causes sex-specific behavioral and brain connectivity changes in developing rat offspring

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108960

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-OxtR antibody , www.origene.com , TA351476.

Techniques: Recombinant, Protease Inhibitor, Labeling, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fractionation, Methylation, DNA Extraction, Sequencing, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Software, Imaging