Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Mesenchymal Transition and PDGFRA Amplification/Mutation Are Key Distinct Oncogenic Events in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030313

Figure Lengend Snippet: Panel A: Radial plot showing the expression of oligodendroglial markers in the two groups of DIPG, in log2 ratios related each other. The red circle represent the median expression level of the whole population of DIPG. Group 1 expresses higher levels of oligodendroglial markers than group 2 DIPG. Panel B: Morphological oligodendroglial differenciation in group 1 tumors (HES staining, ×40). Panel C: Morphological astrocytic differenciation in group 2 tumors (HES staining ×40). Panel D: Olig2 immunohistochemistry in a group 1 DIPG showing that probably not all cells in the biopsy are tumoral (×40). Panel E: Dual immunohistochemistry for Olig2 and GFAP showing that tumor cells in mitosis are GFAP negative but Olig2 positive (×100). Panel F: Overall survival of 55 DIPG according to the presence (red) or absence (blue) of oligodendroglial differenciation. Median OS was shorter in patients with oligodendroglial type of tumors (7.73 vs 12.37, p = 0.045, log rank test).

Article Snippet: Sections were then incubated with various commercial monoclonal primary antibodies against Olig2 (AF 2418, 1/150, R/D system, CA, USA), P53 (DO-1, 1/1, Ventana) and MIB-1 (1/100; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: PloS one

Article Title: Transplantation of specific human astrocytes promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017328

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Generation of two distinct types of astrocytes from human glial precursors after treatment with BMP4 or CNTF. Both BMP and CNTF promote the differentiation of hGPCs into GFAP-positive astrocytes expressing S100b but with otherwise distinct morphological and antigenic phenotypes. hGDAsBMP express lower levels of GFAP and exhibit a more compact morphology. hGDAsCNTF have a more elongated morphology and expressed high levels of GFAP. hGDAsCNTF also expressed high levels of neurite-outgrowth inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, phosphacan and CSPG4, as well as the transcription factor Olig2 - all of which have been found to be upregulated in glial scar

Article Snippet: Western blot analysis of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and Olig2 was performed as previously described [57], using anti-phosphacan monoclonal (1:1000, 3F8, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), anti-CSPG4/NG2 monoclonal (1:2000, Chemicon), anti-Olig2 polyclonal (1:4000, Chemicon) and anti-b-tubulin monoclonal antibody (1:1000, Santa Cruz).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Regional heterogeneities of oligodendrocytes underlie biased Ranvier node spacing along single axons in sound localization circuit

doi: 10.7554/eLife.106415

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A, B ) Immunostaining of MAG between E9 and E21 ( A ). Boxes with numbers at E15 are magnified ( B ). ( C ) Double immunostaining of MAG (red) and Olig2 (green), a marker of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, at E15. ( D ) Localization of MAG (green), AnkG (red), and Nav (blue) on heminode at E15. ( E ) Ranvier node is formed by restricting a gap between adjacent two heminodes during development. Note that paranodal domains, flanking the Nav-positive nodal domain, accompany fibrous AnkG clustering in heminode but not in mature node. ( F, G ) Regional difference in internodal length appeared during the period of node formation. The axons were labeled with rhodamine dextran (red) and stained with Caspr antibody (green) at E18 and P9 ( F ). Internodal length was measured as a distance between adjacent mature/immature nodes ( G ). Boxes with numbers correspond to high-magnification images of each node. E18: n=41 internodes, N=4 chicks for tract, n=38 internodes, N=11 chicks for NL; P9: n=43 internodes, N=7 chicks for tract, n=62 internodes, N=10 chicks for NL. Scale bars: 200 µm (A), 50 µm (B), 30 µm (F, upper), 20 µm (C), and 5 µm (D and F, lower). Statistical analysis: Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc Steel–Dwass test ( G ) was used to compare different developmental stages in the same region and different regions at the same developmental stage: *p<0.05, **p<0.01. Figure 2—source data 1. Quantitative measurements with associated statistical analyses and effect size visualizations underlying .

Article Snippet: Mouse pan Nav antibody (5 μg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich), guinea pig pan Nav antibody (5 μg/ml; ), rabbit AnkG antibody (5 μg/ml, a gift from Gisèle Alcaraz, ), mouse Caspr antibody (2 μg/ml, NeuroMab), mouse MAG antibody (2 μg/ml, Merck), rabbit Olig2 antibody (2 μg/ml, a gift from Hirohide Takebayashi, ), mouse Nkx2.2 antibody (2 μg/ml, DSHB), rat BrdU antibody (10 μg/ml, Abcam), rabbit GFP antibody (2 μg/ml, MBL), rat GFP antibody (2 μg/ml, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and rabbit RFP antibody (2 μg/ml, Rockland Immunochemicals) were used for immunohistochemistry.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Double Immunostaining, Marker, Labeling, Staining

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Regional heterogeneities of oligodendrocytes underlie biased Ranvier node spacing along single axons in sound localization circuit

doi: 10.7554/eLife.106415

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Immunostainings of Olig2, a marker for oligodendrocyte lineage cells, and Nkx2.2, a marker for oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Yellow and red arrowheads indicate tract and NL regions, respectively. ( B, C ) Density of developing oligodendrocytes increased especially at the NL region. Developmental changes in the density of Olig2-positive ( B ) and Nkx2.2-positive ( C ) cells at each region and their ratio between the regions. E9: N=3 chicks, E12: N=4 chicks, E15: N=4 chicks, E18: N=6 chicks, E21: N=3 chicks. ( D ) Immunostaining of BrdU, a marker for proliferating cells. Yellow and red arrowheads indicate tract and NL regions, respectively. ( E ) Cell proliferation was facilitated at the NL region. Developmental changes in the density of BrdU-positive cells at each region and their ratio between the regions. N=3 chicks for each stage. ( F ) Colocalization of BrdU (green), Nkx2.2 (red), and Olig2 (blue) signals at E12. ( G ) Proliferating cells were almost exclusively OPCs. Mutual percentages between BrdU-positive cells and Nkx2.2- or Olig2-positive cells at E12 and E14. N=4 chicks. Scale bars: 100 µm ( A, D ) and 20 µm ( F ). , ( D ) and 20 µm ( F ). Statistical analysis: Two-tailed paired t -test ( B, C, E ), Wilcoxon rank sum test ( G ): *p<0.05, **p<0.01. Figure 5—source data 1. Quantitative measurements with associated statistical analyses underlying .

Article Snippet: Mouse pan Nav antibody (5 μg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich), guinea pig pan Nav antibody (5 μg/ml; ), rabbit AnkG antibody (5 μg/ml, a gift from Gisèle Alcaraz, ), mouse Caspr antibody (2 μg/ml, NeuroMab), mouse MAG antibody (2 μg/ml, Merck), rabbit Olig2 antibody (2 μg/ml, a gift from Hirohide Takebayashi, ), mouse Nkx2.2 antibody (2 μg/ml, DSHB), rat BrdU antibody (10 μg/ml, Abcam), rabbit GFP antibody (2 μg/ml, MBL), rat GFP antibody (2 μg/ml, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and rabbit RFP antibody (2 μg/ml, Rockland Immunochemicals) were used for immunohistochemistry.

Techniques: Marker, Immunostaining, Two Tailed Test