Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Sub-micron spin-based magnetic field imaging with an organic light emitting diode

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37090-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Photograph of the integrated microwave resonator where an omega-shape resonator is integrated on the prepatterned ITO/glass substrate. The active area in the middle has a diameter of 80 µm, which is defined through photolithography and insulating layer deposition. The inset shows the photograph of an integrated OLED at current of I = 500 nA (corresponding current density of ~10 mA/cm ). b Sketch of the integrated device structure and the experimental measurement configuration, employed with an AC magnetic field B 1 created by the microwave resonator and a static magnetic field B 0 generated by an external electromagnet. c A conventional EDMR spectrum where the static magnetic field B 0 is swept with a fixed microwave frequency of 710 MHz. The spectrum is well described by the sum (black) of two Gaussian functions (red, blue), corresponding to the two hyperfine-field distributions ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\sigma }_{1}$$\end{document} σ 1 = 0.18(2), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\sigma }_{2}$$\end{document} σ = 0.94(2)) experienced by the electron and hole spins, respectively. σ 1 and σ represent the standard deviation of the two Gaussian functions. d A frequency-swept EDMR spectrum where the microwave frequency is swept with a fixed magnetic field \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${B}_{0}$$\end{document} B 0 ≈ 25.2(5) mT via fixing the current in the electromagnet. The spectrum can be well fitted using two Gaussian functions with standard deviation of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\sigma }_{1}\,$$\end{document} σ 1 = 6.15(1) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\sigma }_{2}$$\end{document} σ = 31.23(0), respectively. We note that the background noise caused by the frequency sweep is removed from the plots in d . More details are discussed in Supplementary Method . e Plot of the maximum-peak value of the magnetic field B 0 in the EDMR spectrums as a function of the applied microwave frequency. A linear fit (red line) of the data yields a gyromagnetic ratio \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma$$\end{document} γ = 28.03 (±0.0024) GHz/T and a corresponding \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$g$$\end{document} g -factor \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$g$$\end{document} g = 2.0026 (±0.00017).

Article Snippet: For the EDMR measurements in Figs. and , the OLED was operated under a constant current of 0.5 μA (Keysight, SMU B2901A) at room temperature.

Techniques: Generated, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Sub-micron spin-based magnetic field imaging with an organic light emitting diode

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37090-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Sketch of the experimental set-up (not to scale). A cylindrical magnet is located next to the device with the cylindrical axis of the resulting magnetic field aligned in the plane of the device substrate. 2D simulation of the spatial distribution of the decaying magnetic field strength generated by the cylindrical magnet in a region of 14.0 × 36.0 mm in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$x-y$$\end{document} x − y plane with a distance of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d$$\end{document} d = 10.0 mm from the magnet. The distance d corresponds to the half size of the device substrate width as the OLED is located at the center of the rectangular glass substrate (see Supplementary Fig. ). In actual experiments, we initially set a tiny gap ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${x}_{0}$$\end{document} x 0 ) between the substrate edge and the magnet at the starting position to avoid possible physical contact between them during the movement. The total distance between the OLED (yellow dot) and the magnet is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d$$\end{document} d + \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${x}_{0}$$\end{document} x 0 . The x and y coordinates represent the horizontal and vertical movement directions in the laboratory frame, respectively. The OLED here works as a point detector to measure the magnetic field strength generated by the magnet, and x 0 represents the starting position of the measurement. b Magnetic field detection as the device is stepped along the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$x$$\end{document} x -direction. The magnetic field strength is measured via the frequency-swept EDMR spectrum at each position, and the solid curve is the simulation with an estimated starting position of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${x}_{0}$$\end{document} x 0 ~0.20 mm. c Magnetic field detection as the device is stepped along the y -direction with an estimated starting position of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${x}_{0}$$\end{document} x 0 ~0.40 mm.

Article Snippet: For the EDMR measurements in Figs. and , the OLED was operated under a constant current of 0.5 μA (Keysight, SMU B2901A) at room temperature.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Yonsei Medical Journal

Article Title: Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Organic Light-Emitting Diode in Skin Rejuvenation and Wound Healing

doi: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Safety assessment of OLED and LED light irradiation of human skin cells and human skin tissue. Safety assessments of OLED and LED light irradiation on human skin cells were performed by confirmation of cell viability (A and B). Except for the 9 J/cm 2 OLED light irradiation after 48 h of incubation on HDF cells and 9 J/cm 2 LED light irradiation after 24 h of incubation on KC cells, all results of light irradiation had a positive effect. There were no histological variations in the human skin tissue after OLED or LED light irradiation (C). * p <0.05, independent samples t-test. Scale bar: 200 µm. HDF, human dermal fibroblast; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; KC, keratinocyte; LED, light-emitting diode; M-T, Masson’s trichrome; OLED, organic light-emitting diode.

Article Snippet: The spectral characteristics of the OLED device, which was also provided by Samsung Display Co., Ltd., were as follows: peak wavelength of 625–630 nm and full width at half maximum of approximately 35 nm.

Techniques: Irradiation, Incubation

Journal: Yonsei Medical Journal

Article Title: Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Organic Light-Emitting Diode in Skin Rejuvenation and Wound Healing

doi: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of concentrations of PIP1 α1 and MMP1 and mRNA expression levels of COL1A1 , MMP1 , and MMP3 after OLED and LED light irradiation. The 6 J/cm 2 OLED light irradiation significantly induced COL1A1 mRNA expression (A) and PIP1 α1 production (D). The 6 J/cm 2 LED light irradiation significantly induced MMP1 (B) and MMP3 (C) mRNA expression and MMP1 production (E), whereas the 6 J/cm 2 OLED light irradiation significantly reduced MMP3 mRNA expression and MMP1 production. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.005, independent samples t-test. PIP1 α1, pro-collagen I α1; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; OLED, organic light-emitting diode; LED, light-emitting diode; HDF, human dermal fibroblast.

Article Snippet: The spectral characteristics of the OLED device, which was also provided by Samsung Display Co., Ltd., were as follows: peak wavelength of 625–630 nm and full width at half maximum of approximately 35 nm.

Techniques: Comparison, Expressing, Irradiation

Journal: Yonsei Medical Journal

Article Title: Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Organic Light-Emitting Diode in Skin Rejuvenation and Wound Healing

doi: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Wound recovery effect of OLED and LED light irradiation on the HDF cells. In comparison with the control group, wound recovery was induced via 6 J/cm 2 OLED or LED light irradiation on HDF cells (A and B). * p <0.05, *** p <0.005, independent samples t-test. Scale bar: 200 µm. OLED, organic light-emitting diode; LED, light-emitting diode; HDF, human dermal fibroblast.

Article Snippet: The spectral characteristics of the OLED device, which was also provided by Samsung Display Co., Ltd., were as follows: peak wavelength of 625–630 nm and full width at half maximum of approximately 35 nm.

Techniques: Irradiation, Comparison, Control

Journal: Yonsei Medical Journal

Article Title: Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Organic Light-Emitting Diode in Skin Rejuvenation and Wound Healing

doi: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative mRNA expression levels confirm growth factor gene expressions, such as VEGFα , FGF2 , and FGF7 , in the HDF cells via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The VEGFα and FGF2 mRNA expressions were significantly induced by 6 J/cm 2 OLED or LED light irradiation on HDF cells (A and B). The 6 J/cm 2 OLED light irradiation induced more FGF7 mRNA expression than 6 J/cm 2 LED light irradiation (C). *** p <0.005, independent samples t-test. HDF, human dermal fibroblast; LED, light-emitting diode; OLED, organic light-emitting diode.

Article Snippet: The spectral characteristics of the OLED device, which was also provided by Samsung Display Co., Ltd., were as follows: peak wavelength of 625–630 nm and full width at half maximum of approximately 35 nm.

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Irradiation

Journal: Yonsei Medical Journal

Article Title: Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Organic Light-Emitting Diode in Skin Rejuvenation and Wound Healing

doi: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Improvement effects of OLED irradiation regarding the collagen fiber density (A and B) and the skin surface roughness (C and D) on the mice’s skin. The OLED irradiation on photo-aged mouse skin affected the improvement of collagen fiber density and the reduction of skin roughness depending on the energy of OLED irradiation. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.005, independent samples t-test compared with the control group. Scale bar indicates 50 µm. Control, non-treatment; UVB, only UVB irradiation; 6 J/cm 2 OLED group, 6 J/cm 2 OLED treatment after UVB irradiation; 10 J/cm 2 OLED group, 10 J J/cm 2 OLED treatment after UVB irradiation; OLED, organic light-emitting diode; M-T, Masson’s trichromel; UVB, ultraviolet B.

Article Snippet: The spectral characteristics of the OLED device, which was also provided by Samsung Display Co., Ltd., were as follows: peak wavelength of 625–630 nm and full width at half maximum of approximately 35 nm.

Techniques: Irradiation, Control