Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Targeted Therapeutic Nanotubes Influence the Viscoelasticity of Cancer Cells to Overcome Drug Resistance

doi: 10.1021/nn501223q

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug-resistant cell treatment by CD44-targeted sSWCNT drug delivery and NIR laser irradiation. (A, B) OVCAR8/ADR cells were treated with free DOX or CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX and assessed for apoptosis (broken DNA fragments are labeled green) and cell membrane integrity (intact cell membranes are labeled green) using (A) TUNEL (apoptosis) and (B) Calcein AM (live cell) assays. Cells were treated with free DOX, CAHA-sSWCNTs, or CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX for 6 h and then irradiated with an 808 nm NIR laser probe at 0.5 W/cm 2 for 2.5 min. Cells were further incubated for 48 h and then fixed and stained for apoptosis with the TUNEL assay and for live cells using the Calcein AM assay. Green indicates positive for the assays, with cell nuclei stained blue using DAPI. (C–F) Percentage of viable cells after exposure to CAHA, CAHA-sSWCNTs, free DOX, PEG-sSWCNT-DOX, or CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX (DOX concentration adjusted to IC 50 values of free DOX (OVCAR8 ∼2.1 μM and OVCAR8/ADR ∼150 μM without irradiation and OVCAR8 ∼1.5 μM and OVCAR8/ADR ∼100 μM with irradiation). (C) Cell viability in the absence of NIR laser irradiation ([DOX] = 2.1 μM). CAHA and CAHA-sSWCNTs are not cytotoxic. (D) Resistance factor (RF) of CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX (∼7.6) compared to the free drug (∼71.1) calculated by taking ratios of respective IC 50 values of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cells. (E) Cell viability of cancer cells irradiated with an 808 nm laser at 1 W/cm 2 for 2.5 min ([DOX] = 1.5 μM). The photothermal and photodynamic effects of CAHA-sSWCNTs in addition to DOX treatment led to very effective killing of both OVCAR8 and OVCAR8/ADR cells by CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX. (F) RF of CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX (∼1.3) compared to the free drug (∼66.7). **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: OVCAR8/ADR cells were grown to 60–70% confluency and then treated with the appropriate formula for 6 h. The cells were then washed and subjected to 808 nm NIR laser irradiation (LRD 808, Laserglow Technologies, CA, USA).

Techniques: Irradiation, Labeling, Membrane, TUNEL Assay, Incubation, Staining, Calcein AM Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Targeted Therapeutic Nanotubes Influence the Viscoelasticity of Cancer Cells to Overcome Drug Resistance

doi: 10.1021/nn501223q

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo MDR tumor targeting by CD44-targeted CAHA-sSWCNT drug delivery and NIR irradiation system. (A) Thermal imaging of OVCAR8/ADR tumor xenograft exposed to an 808 NIR laser 24 h post CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX administration. (B) Eradication of pre-established OVCAR8/ADR MDR xenografts ( n = 6/group) by a single CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX treatment (12 mg/kg DOX equivalent) followed by NIR laser irradiation (1 W/cm 2 , 90 s).

Article Snippet: OVCAR8/ADR cells were grown to 60–70% confluency and then treated with the appropriate formula for 6 h. The cells were then washed and subjected to 808 nm NIR laser irradiation (LRD 808, Laserglow Technologies, CA, USA).

Techniques: In Vivo, Irradiation, Imaging

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Targeted Therapeutic Nanotubes Influence the Viscoelasticity of Cancer Cells to Overcome Drug Resistance

doi: 10.1021/nn501223q

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histology of tumor mice treated with CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of tumors and primary organs of OVCAR8/ADR tumor xenograft bearing mice treated with CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX along with controls and exposed to 808 nm NIR irradiation 24 h post-treatment. (A) Saline with PTT, (B) free DOX with PTT, (C) CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX without PTT, (D) CAHA-sSWCNTs alone with PTT, and (E) CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX with PTT. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Article Snippet: OVCAR8/ADR cells were grown to 60–70% confluency and then treated with the appropriate formula for 6 h. The cells were then washed and subjected to 808 nm NIR laser irradiation (LRD 808, Laserglow Technologies, CA, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Irradiation, Saline