Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine–treated group, 1 mg/kg of nal- oxone was administered IP 90 minutes after morphine administration. Naloxone antagonized the morphine effects, signifi- cantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: 50% prob- ability threshold (grams); abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Dose–response effects of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. Morphine, pregabalin, gabapentin, and duloxetine attenuated the level of mechanical allodynia induced by TNT injury in a dose-dependent man- ner. Ordinate: percentage maximum possible effect (%MPE). *P 0.05 by Dunnett test.

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Dose–response curves (upper graphs) and isobolograms (lower graphs) of the combination study (morphine pregabalin, morphine duloxetine, and pregabalin duloxetine) on mechanical allodynia. In this combination study, the ratio of morphine dose, pregabalin dose, and duloxetine dose was fixed (morphine : pregabalin : duloxetine 3 : 2 : 6) on the basis of the ED50 values of each drug obtained in this study. Dose–response curves demonstrated that all drug combinations produced an antiallodynic effect. Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 rats (upper graphs). Isobolograms demonstrated that morphine pregabalin, morphine duloxetine, and pregabalin duloxetine combination therapy produced a synergistic effect on mechanical allodynia (lower graphs).

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Produced

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on neuroma pain in the tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine– treated group, 1 mg/kg of naloxone was administered intraperitoneal (IP) 90 min- utes after morphine administration. Nal- oxone antagonized the morphine effects, significantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: per- centage responses to 10 applications of a von Frey filament; abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Dose–response effects of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on neuroma pain in the tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) model. Morphine 30 mg/kg attenu- ated the area under the curve (AUC) of the time-effect curve of response fre- quency in comparison with saline. Prega- balin, gabapentin, and duloxetine had no effect on the AUC of the time-effect curve of response frequency in comparison with saline. *P 0.05 by Dunnett test.

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Comparison, Saline

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Chemical and structural studies provide a mechanistic basis for recognition of the MYC G-quadruplex

doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06315-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Shifting of imino protons during a titration experiment indicates DC-34 binding to each end of MYC G4. a WaterLOGSY NMR spectra of DC-34 and N-methyl- l -valine (non-binding control, peaks indicated with !) in the absence (top) and presence (bottom) of MYC G4. b Expanded 1D 1 H NMR spectra illustrating the imino region during titration of DC-34 into MYC G4. Molar ratios of MYC G4:DC-34 are as indicated at 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6. The G-tetrad imino protons are labeled in each spectrum. c Plot of chemical shift perturbation (CSP) comparing MYC G4 G-tetrad imino protons alone and with sixfold molar excess DC-34. The red dashed line indicates one standard deviation above the average value. d CSP values for G9 (red), G11 (purple), G16 (blue), and G18 (orange) H1 plotted against molar ratio of DC-34 to MYC G4. An overall K D value of 16.5 ± 1.1 µM was obtained by fitting the data to a non-cooperative binding mode with the software package Bindfit v0.5

Article Snippet: A reference 1D-1H and 1D WaterLOGSY spectrum of 100 µM N -methyl- l -valine (Chem-Impex-International) and 100 µM compound was collected, followed by a separate sample containing 5 µM MYC , 100 µM N -methyl- l -valine, and 100 µM compound.

Techniques: Titration, Binding Assay, Labeling, Standard Deviation, Software