Journal: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Article Title: TSH-TSHR axis promotes tumor immune evasion

doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004049

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSH released by moDCs promotes tumor proliferation (A) Expression of TSHR in different cancer types of TCGA cohorts. Tumors (red) and paired normal samples (green) are shown for each type. GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; LGG, lower grade glioma; THCA, thyroid carcinoma; THYM, thymoma. (B) Thyroid cancers (KTC1, BCPAP), glioma (U87, U251), and breast cancer (MCF7; wild type (WT) and TSHR-overexpressed (TSHR-OE)) were subjected for immunoblot analysis of TSHR and β-actin. (C–G) Evaluation of tumor proliferation through CCK-8 assay. KTC1, BCPAP, U87, U251, and MCF7 were treated with different concentrations of TSH (C) or culture supernatant of moDCs from patients with DTC and healthy donors (D). (E) BCPAP were treated with culture supernatant of moDCs from several patients with DTC. The correlation of BCPAP proliferation and TSHA(left)/TSHβ2(right) expression in moDCs. (F) KTC1 and U87 were treated with a culture supernatant of moDCs from patients with DTC and/or TSHR inhibitor (ML224). (G) WT and TSHR-OE MCF7 were treated with a culture supernatant of moDCs from patients with DTC. DTC, differentiated thyroid cancers; moDC, monocyte-derived dendritic cells; TCGA, the cancer genome atlas; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSHR, TSH receptor.

Article Snippet: TSHRi (ML224, MedChemExpress) and anti-mouse PD1 (BioXCell BE0146) were injected intraperitoneally at the time points described in figure legends.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, CCK-8 Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Article Title: TSH-TSHR axis promotes tumor immune evasion

doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004049

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanism of TSH-induced tumor PD-L1 expression (A) KTC1 (left) and U87 (right) were treated with the culture supernatant of moDCs from patients with DTC and/or TSHR inhibitor (ML224). Whole-cell lysates were subjected for immunoblot analysis of PD-L1, HIF1α, β-actin, phosphorylated, and total AKT, ERK, JNK, P38, P65. Representative immunoblot picture (up) and quantitative histogram (down) are shown. Expression of PD-L1 and HIF1α was calculated as the ratio between band intensity of these genes and β-actin. Phosphorylation of five kinases was calculated as the ratio between band intensity of phosphorylated protein and total protein. (B–C) KTC1 (up) and U87 (down) were treated with TSH (B) or culture supernatant of moDCs (C) and four inhibitors. Representative histograms (left) and PD-L1 MFI (right) were shown. (D) Transcription factors (TF) enrichment in KTC1 treated with culture supernatant of moDCs based on RNA sequencing data sets. The scatter plot ranked TF from first with increasing enrichment and decreasing ChIP-X enrichment analysis 3 scores. TF from the AP-1 family (blue) and other PD-L1-related TF (red) were colored. (E) KTC1 (up) and U87 (down) were treated with the culture supernatant of moDCs from patients with DTC and/or TSHR inhibitor (ML224). Whole-cell lysates were subjected for immunoblot analysis of β-actin, phosphorylated and total c-JUN, and STAT1. (F) Immunofluorescence staining of KTC1 (left) and U87 (right) for phosphorylated (down) and total (up) c-JUN. DTC, differentiated thyroid cancers; MFI, median fluorescence intensity; moDC, monocyte-derived dendritic cells; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSHR, TSH receptor.

Article Snippet: TSHRi (ML224, MedChemExpress) and anti-mouse PD1 (BioXCell BE0146) were injected intraperitoneally at the time points described in figure legends.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, RNA Sequencing Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Derivative Assay

Journal: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Article Title: TSH-TSHR axis promotes tumor immune evasion

doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004049

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSHR inhibitors boost antitumor immunity in vivo (A–E) C57BL6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 500,000 wild types (WT) or TSHR-overexpressed (TSHR-OE) B16-F10 tumor cells. Once tumors were palpable, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with PBS or TSHR inhibitor (TSHRi, 10 mg/kg) on days 14, 16, 18, 20, and 24. Tumors were collected on day 24 after tumor inoculation and processed as described in methods (A). Each group was marked by a different color (A–E). The mean tumor volume of the tumor-bearing mice was shown in the right panel (A), n=6 mice/group. Data are presented as mean values±SEM. Representative histograms showing IFNγ expression in CD4 + T cells (B) and Granzyme B (GzmB) expression in CD8 + T cells (C). (D) Graphs showing PD-L1 MFI in macrophage, moDCs, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and tumor cells. (E) Representative flow cytometry plots showing expression of FoxP3 vs CD25 in CD4 +T cells (left) and boxplots were showing percentage CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cells of total CD4 + cells. (F–G) C57BL6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 500,000 GL261 cell lines. (F) Survival analysis of GL261-bearing mice treated with TSHRi. (G) Tumor volume change in mice treated with TSHRi and anti-PD1. IFNγ, interferon γ; MFI, median fluorescence intensity; moDC, monocyte-derived dendritic cells; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1.

Article Snippet: TSHRi (ML224, MedChemExpress) and anti-mouse PD1 (BioXCell BE0146) were injected intraperitoneally at the time points described in figure legends.

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Derivative Assay, Saline