Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: The effect of low frequency and low intensity ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the sonoporation efficiency of MDA-MB-231 cells

doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.155

Figure Lengend Snippet: Factors and levels of the experimental protocol

Article Snippet: Microbubble dose, irradiation time, and acoustic intensity were adjusted to observe differences between the bioeffects demonstrated. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Level Factors Sound intensity (a), mW/cm 2 Irradiation time (b), min Microbubble dose (c), mL 1 230 1 0 2 300 2 0.2 3 370 3 0.4 4 0.6 5 0.8 6 1 Open in a separate window caption a8 Factors and levels of the experimental protocol Fluorescence positive rate and cell survival rate After irradiation, the cells are washed with PBS 3 times, and the entry of fluorescent reagent FD4 at different treatment levels was observed under the EVOSTM M5000 Imaging System (Thermo Fisher Science, USA).

Techniques: Irradiation

Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: The effect of low frequency and low intensity ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the sonoporation efficiency of MDA-MB-231 cells

doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.155

Figure Lengend Snippet: FD4 fluorescent positive cells showed bright green fluorescence in the fluorescence mode, while non-stained cells did not. Fluorescence staining results in the blank control group, ultrasound irradiation groups and ultrasound irradiation combined with microbubble group are shown in A,B,C,D,E,F,G: (A) fluorescence staining result in the blank control group that microbubbles and ultrasound irradiation are not added; (B,C,D,E,F,G): irradiated by ultrasound (370 mW/cm2, 1 minute) and 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mL microbubbles are added respectively.

Article Snippet: Microbubble dose, irradiation time, and acoustic intensity were adjusted to observe differences between the bioeffects demonstrated. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Level Factors Sound intensity (a), mW/cm 2 Irradiation time (b), min Microbubble dose (c), mL 1 230 1 0 2 300 2 0.2 3 370 3 0.4 4 0.6 5 0.8 6 1 Open in a separate window caption a8 Factors and levels of the experimental protocol Fluorescence positive rate and cell survival rate After irradiation, the cells are washed with PBS 3 times, and the entry of fluorescent reagent FD4 at different treatment levels was observed under the EVOSTM M5000 Imaging System (Thermo Fisher Science, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining, Control, Irradiation

Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: The effect of low frequency and low intensity ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the sonoporation efficiency of MDA-MB-231 cells

doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.155

Figure Lengend Snippet: Positive rate of cell fluorescence staining at different levels of 3 factors: x-positive rate of fluorescence staining, (A) ultrasound intensity, (B) irradiation time, (C) microbubble dose.

Article Snippet: Microbubble dose, irradiation time, and acoustic intensity were adjusted to observe differences between the bioeffects demonstrated. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Level Factors Sound intensity (a), mW/cm 2 Irradiation time (b), min Microbubble dose (c), mL 1 230 1 0 2 300 2 0.2 3 370 3 0.4 4 0.6 5 0.8 6 1 Open in a separate window caption a8 Factors and levels of the experimental protocol Fluorescence positive rate and cell survival rate After irradiation, the cells are washed with PBS 3 times, and the entry of fluorescent reagent FD4 at different treatment levels was observed under the EVOSTM M5000 Imaging System (Thermo Fisher Science, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining, Irradiation

Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: The effect of low frequency and low intensity ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the sonoporation efficiency of MDA-MB-231 cells

doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.155

Figure Lengend Snippet: Statistical analysis results (P values) of the 3 factors on the fluorescence staining positive rate respectively. a, ultrasound intensity; b, irradiation time; c, microbubble dose.

Article Snippet: Microbubble dose, irradiation time, and acoustic intensity were adjusted to observe differences between the bioeffects demonstrated. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Level Factors Sound intensity (a), mW/cm 2 Irradiation time (b), min Microbubble dose (c), mL 1 230 1 0 2 300 2 0.2 3 370 3 0.4 4 0.6 5 0.8 6 1 Open in a separate window caption a8 Factors and levels of the experimental protocol Fluorescence positive rate and cell survival rate After irradiation, the cells are washed with PBS 3 times, and the entry of fluorescent reagent FD4 at different treatment levels was observed under the EVOSTM M5000 Imaging System (Thermo Fisher Science, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining, Irradiation

Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: The effect of low frequency and low intensity ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the sonoporation efficiency of MDA-MB-231 cells

doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.155

Figure Lengend Snippet: The optimal parameter combination of the 3 factors. (A) The positive rate of fluorescence at different sound intensities when the irradiation time was 2 minutes and 0.6 mL of microbubbles were added; (B) the positive rate of fluorescence at different irradiation times when the ultrasound intensity and microbubbles were 300 mW/cm2 and 0.6 mL respectively; (C) the positive rate of fluorescence at different microbubble concentrations when ultrasound intensity and irradiation time were 300 mW/cm2 and 2 minutes respectively.

Article Snippet: Microbubble dose, irradiation time, and acoustic intensity were adjusted to observe differences between the bioeffects demonstrated. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Level Factors Sound intensity (a), mW/cm 2 Irradiation time (b), min Microbubble dose (c), mL 1 230 1 0 2 300 2 0.2 3 370 3 0.4 4 0.6 5 0.8 6 1 Open in a separate window caption a8 Factors and levels of the experimental protocol Fluorescence positive rate and cell survival rate After irradiation, the cells are washed with PBS 3 times, and the entry of fluorescent reagent FD4 at different treatment levels was observed under the EVOSTM M5000 Imaging System (Thermo Fisher Science, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Irradiation

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Viability Analysis and High-Content Live-Cell Imaging for Drug Testing in Prostate Cancer Xenograft-Derived Organoids

doi: 10.3390/cells12101377

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optimization of PDXO drug testing conditions. ( A ) Impact of organoid formation prior to drug testing. Schematic representation of experimental design as applied in Van Hemelryk et al. : drug exposure was initiated immediately after cell seeding, on dissociated organoid cells (green), or after 7 days, when organoids were formed (preassembled organoids, blue). Scale bar represents 100 μm. Cabazitaxel-exposed MSK-PCa1 organoids are shown as an example. Dose–response curves depict mean +/− SEM of four independent experiments with three technical replicates per dose, with viability normalized to ethanol controls. Data curated from . ( B – D ) Impact of Y-27632 on organoid proliferation. Viability of PC2416-DEC PDXOs starting from the day of seeding, ( B ) without Y-27632 present in organoid culture medium, ( C ) with Y-27632 removed after 7 days, and ( D ) with Y-27632 continuously present in organoid culture medium. ( E ) Impact of organoid viability on treatment efficacy in correspondence with ( C ). Y-27632 was removed from culture medium 7 days after organoid seeding and from 7 to 14 days prior to drug exposure, as indicated on the timelines. PC2416-DEC PDXOs were exposed to cabazitaxel for 7 days (left and middle panel; mean +/− SEM of two independent experiments with six technical replicates per dose) or for 10 days (right panel; mean of six technical replicates per dose). Normalization to vehicle (ethanol) controls. ( F ) Impact of drug exposure time on treatment efficacy in correspondence with ( D ). In the presence of Y-27632, PC2416-DEC PDXOs were exposed to docetaxel or cabazitaxel for 7, 10 or 14 days (mean +/− SD of six technical replicates per condition). Normalization to vehicle (ethanol) controls of both treatment plates. Open dots represent vehicle controls of each treatment plate.

Article Snippet: Four days later, drug exposure was initiated: the culture medium was exchanged for medium containing the appropriate concentration of docetaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi, Paris, France), cabazitaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi), enzalutamide (anti-androgen; logarithmic dose range: 0.1–30 μM; Axon Medchem, Groningen, The Netherlands, cat. no. 1613), a vehicle (for negative controls) or staurosporine (broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor; 1 μM for positive controls; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA, cat. no. S1421).

Techniques:

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Viability Analysis and High-Content Live-Cell Imaging for Drug Testing in Prostate Cancer Xenograft-Derived Organoids

doi: 10.3390/cells12101377

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optimization of PCa PDXO viability assays. ( A ) Schematic overview. ( B ) Reproducibility of the optimized procedure. Three independent experiments of PC2416-DEC PDXOs exposed to dose ranges of enzalutamide, docetaxel and cabazitaxel (mean +/− SD of six technical replicates per condition). Normalization to all untreated controls per experiment. Open dots represent untreated controls of each treatment plate. Data from , analyzed for individual experiments. ( C ) Quality control metrics of experiments in ( B ): i. increase in organoid viability of ≥ 1.5 between day 0 and day 10 (mean +/− SEM of three experiments; from 6 to 18 technical replicates for each timepoint); ii. coefficient of variation (CV) < 0.22 and Z-factor > 0.4 for each treatment plate; iii. DMSO effect between 0.8 and 1.2 for each enzalutamide treatment plate. ( D ) Representative brightfield images of PC2416-DEC PDXOs exposed to dose ranges of enzalutamide, docetaxel and cabazitaxel. Scale bar 100 μm. ( E ) Detail of a single organoid for each dose of cabazitaxel. Scale bar: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Four days later, drug exposure was initiated: the culture medium was exchanged for medium containing the appropriate concentration of docetaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi, Paris, France), cabazitaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi), enzalutamide (anti-androgen; logarithmic dose range: 0.1–30 μM; Axon Medchem, Groningen, The Netherlands, cat. no. 1613), a vehicle (for negative controls) or staurosporine (broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor; 1 μM for positive controls; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA, cat. no. S1421).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Viability Analysis and High-Content Live-Cell Imaging for Drug Testing in Prostate Cancer Xenograft-Derived Organoids

doi: 10.3390/cells12101377

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optimization of PDXO drug testing conditions. ( A ) Impact of organoid formation prior to drug testing. Schematic representation of experimental design as applied in Van Hemelryk et al. : drug exposure was initiated immediately after cell seeding, on dissociated organoid cells (green), or after 7 days, when organoids were formed (preassembled organoids, blue). Scale bar represents 100 μm. Cabazitaxel-exposed MSK-PCa1 organoids are shown as an example. Dose–response curves depict mean +/− SEM of four independent experiments with three technical replicates per dose, with viability normalized to ethanol controls. Data curated from . ( B – D ) Impact of Y-27632 on organoid proliferation. Viability of PC2416-DEC PDXOs starting from the day of seeding, ( B ) without Y-27632 present in organoid culture medium, ( C ) with Y-27632 removed after 7 days, and ( D ) with Y-27632 continuously present in organoid culture medium. ( E ) Impact of organoid viability on treatment efficacy in correspondence with ( C ). Y-27632 was removed from culture medium 7 days after organoid seeding and from 7 to 14 days prior to drug exposure, as indicated on the timelines. PC2416-DEC PDXOs were exposed to cabazitaxel for 7 days (left and middle panel; mean +/− SEM of two independent experiments with six technical replicates per dose) or for 10 days (right panel; mean of six technical replicates per dose). Normalization to vehicle (ethanol) controls. ( F ) Impact of drug exposure time on treatment efficacy in correspondence with ( D ). In the presence of Y-27632, PC2416-DEC PDXOs were exposed to docetaxel or cabazitaxel for 7, 10 or 14 days (mean +/− SD of six technical replicates per condition). Normalization to vehicle (ethanol) controls of both treatment plates. Open dots represent vehicle controls of each treatment plate.

Article Snippet: Four days later, drug exposure was initiated: the culture medium was exchanged for medium containing the appropriate concentration of docetaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi, Paris, France), cabazitaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi), enzalutamide (anti-androgen; logarithmic dose range: 0.1–30 μM; Axon Medchem, Groningen, The Netherlands, cat. no. 1613), a vehicle (for negative controls) or staurosporine (broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor; 1 μM for positive controls; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA, cat. no. S1421).

Techniques:

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Viability Analysis and High-Content Live-Cell Imaging for Drug Testing in Prostate Cancer Xenograft-Derived Organoids

doi: 10.3390/cells12101377

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optimization of PCa PDXO viability assays. ( A ) Schematic overview. ( B ) Reproducibility of the optimized procedure. Three independent experiments of PC2416-DEC PDXOs exposed to dose ranges of enzalutamide, docetaxel and cabazitaxel (mean +/− SD of six technical replicates per condition). Normalization to all untreated controls per experiment. Open dots represent untreated controls of each treatment plate. Data from , analyzed for individual experiments. ( C ) Quality control metrics of experiments in ( B ): i. increase in organoid viability of ≥ 1.5 between day 0 and day 10 (mean +/− SEM of three experiments; from 6 to 18 technical replicates for each timepoint); ii. coefficient of variation (CV) < 0.22 and Z-factor > 0.4 for each treatment plate; iii. DMSO effect between 0.8 and 1.2 for each enzalutamide treatment plate. ( D ) Representative brightfield images of PC2416-DEC PDXOs exposed to dose ranges of enzalutamide, docetaxel and cabazitaxel. Scale bar 100 μm. ( E ) Detail of a single organoid for each dose of cabazitaxel. Scale bar: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Four days later, drug exposure was initiated: the culture medium was exchanged for medium containing the appropriate concentration of docetaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi, Paris, France), cabazitaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi), enzalutamide (anti-androgen; logarithmic dose range: 0.1–30 μM; Axon Medchem, Groningen, The Netherlands, cat. no. 1613), a vehicle (for negative controls) or staurosporine (broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor; 1 μM for positive controls; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA, cat. no. S1421).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Viability Analysis and High-Content Live-Cell Imaging for Drug Testing in Prostate Cancer Xenograft-Derived Organoids

doi: 10.3390/cells12101377

Figure Lengend Snippet: Image-based quantification of organoid load in PCa PDXOs exposed to standard-of-care therapeutics. ( A ) Representative confocal images (maximum projection) of Hoechst 33342-stained PC346C PDXOs exposed to a dose range of docetaxel. Scale bar: 50 μm. Image-based quantification of the total amount of cell nuclei in organoids, mean organoid sizes and the total amount of organoids per 3,872,215 μm 2 area (49 fields of view) measured in individual wells at 15 different heights. PC346C PDXOs were processed and exposed to a dose range of docetaxel using the optimized procedure (mean +/− SD of five technical replicates per condition). The dashed line represents the mean before treatment initiation (day 0). Tumor growth on day 10 was determined for each indicated treatment dose by normalizing to day 0 controls and was subsequently compared to tumor growth on day 10 for untreated controls using an unpaired t -test. * p < 0.01; ns: not significant. ( B ) Representative confocal images (maximum projection) and image-based quantification of Hoechst 33342-stained PC346C PDXOs processed and exposed to a dose range of enzalutamide using the optimized procedure (mean +/− SD of five technical replicates per condition). Scale bar: 50 μm. Total amount of cell nuclei in organoids, mean organoid sizes and total amount of organoids per 4,972,068 μm 2 area (63 fields of view) measured in individual wells at 15 different heights. Unpaired t -test for day 10 untreated control versus indicated treatment dose, which were both normalized to day 0; * p < 0.01; ns: not significant.

Article Snippet: Four days later, drug exposure was initiated: the culture medium was exchanged for medium containing the appropriate concentration of docetaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi, Paris, France), cabazitaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi), enzalutamide (anti-androgen; logarithmic dose range: 0.1–30 μM; Axon Medchem, Groningen, The Netherlands, cat. no. 1613), a vehicle (for negative controls) or staurosporine (broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor; 1 μM for positive controls; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA, cat. no. S1421).

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Viability Analysis and High-Content Live-Cell Imaging for Drug Testing in Prostate Cancer Xenograft-Derived Organoids

doi: 10.3390/cells12101377

Figure Lengend Snippet: Image-based quantification of cell death in PCa PDXOs exposed to standard-of-care therapeutics. ( A ) Representative confocal images (maximum projections) of PC346C PDXOs exposed to a dose range of docetaxel for 10 days using the optimized procedure and stained with a dye combination of Hoechst 33342, Caspase 3/7 Green and PI. Scale bar equals 50 μm. Scatterplots of nuclear Caspase 3/7 Green and PI intensity in untreated controls and PDXOs exposed to 30 nM docetaxel. Gating thresholds were determined on day 0 and day 10 untreated controls (see Materials and Methods Section and ). Bar chart of cell death quantification based on gating in corresponding scatterplots (mean of five technical replicates per condition). Dashed line represents the mean number of cell nuclei in organoids before treatment initiation (day 0). ( B ) Representative confocal images (maximum projections), scatter plots and cell death bar chart of PC346C PDXOs exposed to a dose range of enzalutamide for 10 days and stained with a dye combination of Hoechst 33342, Caspase 3/7 Green and PI. Scale bar: 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Four days later, drug exposure was initiated: the culture medium was exchanged for medium containing the appropriate concentration of docetaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi, Paris, France), cabazitaxel (microtubule stabilizer; logarithmic dose range: 0.01–30 nM; Sanofi), enzalutamide (anti-androgen; logarithmic dose range: 0.1–30 μM; Axon Medchem, Groningen, The Netherlands, cat. no. 1613), a vehicle (for negative controls) or staurosporine (broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor; 1 μM for positive controls; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA, cat. no. S1421).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Time course of focused ultrasound effects on β-amyloid plaque pathology in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32250-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Timelines of two-photon fluorescence microscopy and MR-guided FUS experiments. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy FUS experiments. ( a ) Cranial windows were installed in the parietal bone when mice were 6-months-old. Mice were given three to four weeks to recover to allow surgery-related inflammation to recede. On day 0 of imaging, Tg FUS animals were sonicated immediately after administration of microbubbles, whereas the transducer was disconnected during sonication for Tg CTL animals. Following sonication, XYZ image stacks of up to ten plaques per animal were collected. Subsequent imaging sessions were on days 2, 4, 7, 10, 12, 14, and 21. Each vertical line indicates a week. MR-guided FUS experiments. ( b ) Top: Mice were administered five FUS treatments biweekly, over a total of 10 weeks. Subjects were entered into the study at 7-months-old, and sacrificed at 9.5-months-old. Each vertical line indicates a week. Bottom : For each FUS treatment, three MRIs were taken. A T2-weighted MRI was taken to allow anatomical targeting of the bilateral hippocampi. Two targets were chosen for each hippocampus (T2, yellow dots). A baseline T1-weighted image was taken before FUS treatment (pre-T1). Immediately after FUS treatment, gadolinium contrast agent was injected intravenously, and a post-sonication T1-weighted image was taken to confirm BBB opening at the targeted locations (post-T1, yellow arrows). Mo = months.

Article Snippet: Animals were given an intravenous dose of Definity microbubble (MB) contrast agent (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA), diluted 1:10 (v/v) in saline, at a dose of 0.02 mL/kg, prior to sonication.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Imaging, Sonication, Injection

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: A new safety index based on intrapulse monitoring of ultra-harmonic cavitation during ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening procedures

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66994-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Representation of a typical ultrasound sequence for BBB opening. In general, multiple bursts of 3–10 ms are repeated at a pulse repetition frequency of 5–10 Hz, for a total exposure time ranging from 0.5 to 5 minutes. ( B ) The ultrasound backscattered signal originated from the cavitation of microbubbles is decomposed into n temporal windows for comparative frequency analysis.

Article Snippet: After intravenous injection of lipid-coated microbubbles (dose: 0.30 mL/kg; SonoVue, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Milan, Italy), local sonication was applied for a maximum of 2 min with peak negative pressure ranging from 0.09 to 1.16 MPa (calibrated in free water), 500-kHz frequency, the pulse repetition frequency of 5 Hz or 10 Hz and pulse length of 10 ms. For ethical reasons, macaques were not sacrificed at the end of the BBB opening session, and some of them participated in multiple sessions of BBB opening in different brain locations ( i.e ., 15 sessions in total).

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: A new safety index based on intrapulse monitoring of ultra-harmonic cavitation during ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening procedures

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66994-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative frequency responses of a microbubble cavitation signal measured at different periods (before and after 3.3 ms) following ultrasound bursts. Transcranial ultrasound was emitted at 0.5 MHz into the NHP brain, and the cavitation signal was measured using a PCD transducer centered at 1.5 MHz. The occurrence of ultra-harmonic frequency components (1.5 f 0 , 2.5 f 0 , 3.5 f 0 ) is a very sudden event (<256 µs), which can occur over the burst period.

Article Snippet: After intravenous injection of lipid-coated microbubbles (dose: 0.30 mL/kg; SonoVue, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Milan, Italy), local sonication was applied for a maximum of 2 min with peak negative pressure ranging from 0.09 to 1.16 MPa (calibrated in free water), 500-kHz frequency, the pulse repetition frequency of 5 Hz or 10 Hz and pulse length of 10 ms. For ethical reasons, macaques were not sacrificed at the end of the BBB opening session, and some of them participated in multiple sessions of BBB opening in different brain locations ( i.e ., 15 sessions in total).

Techniques:

Journal: Radiology

Article Title: Quantitative Assessment of Inflammation in a Porcine Acute Terminal Ileitis Model: US with a Molecularly Targeted Contrast Agent

doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015142478

Figure Lengend Snippet: A–C, Overview of experimental design for in vivo dual-selectin–targeted US in pigs shows, A, the testing of different MB microbubble doses, B, the testing for reproducibility, and, C, the correlation of imaging findings with pathologic findings. MBControl = control MB microbubbles, MBSelectin = dual-selectin–targeted MB microbubbles, TNBS = 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. (For more details on the animal model, please see Appendix E1 [online].)

Article Snippet: The recommended dose of the nontargeted perflutren lipid MB microbubble Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, Mass) is 1.5 μL/kg (corresponding to 10-μL/kg MB microbubble suspension) per bolus injection in human patients [ 29 ]).

Techniques: In Vivo, Imaging, Control, Animal Model

Journal: Radiology

Article Title: Quantitative Assessment of Inflammation in a Porcine Acute Terminal Ileitis Model: US with a Molecularly Targeted Contrast Agent

doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015142478

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Graph summarizes quantitative US signal intensities (represented as signal intensity ratios) observed in five pigs with acute terminal ileitis with increasing doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 × 108/kg) of dual-selectin–targeted contrast MB microbubbles (MB microbubbleSelectin). Error bars = standard deviations, b.w. = body weight. (b) Representative transverse US images obtained six times in approximately the same location of an inflamed ileum segment (arrows) in one pig show increasing imaging signal (overlaid in red onto the anatomic B-mode images) with increasing MB microbubbleSelectin doses, with the signal plateauing between a dose of 10 and a dose of 20 × 108/kg. Note that US with MB microbubbleSelectin depicts inflammation not only in the bowel wall but also in mesenteric fat adjacent to the ileum. The different US scans were each separated by a 30-minute pause to allow contrast agent clearance.

Article Snippet: The recommended dose of the nontargeted perflutren lipid MB microbubble Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, Mass) is 1.5 μL/kg (corresponding to 10-μL/kg MB microbubble suspension) per bolus injection in human patients [ 29 ]).

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: Radiology

Article Title: Quantitative Assessment of Inflammation in a Porcine Acute Terminal Ileitis Model: US with a Molecularly Targeted Contrast Agent

doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015142478

Figure Lengend Snippet: Boxplot shows intensity ratios of US signals obtained by using dual-selectin–targeted MB microbubbles (MB microbubbleSelectin) and control MB microbubbles (MB microbubbleControl) in control ileum and in various degrees of ileitis at different time points (1 hour and 48 hours) after the induction of inflammation. Each box = 25th and 75th quartiles, the line inside each box = the median, and the whiskers = 5th and 95th percentiles, excluding the outliers.

Article Snippet: The recommended dose of the nontargeted perflutren lipid MB microbubble Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, Mass) is 1.5 μL/kg (corresponding to 10-μL/kg MB microbubble suspension) per bolus injection in human patients [ 29 ]).

Techniques: Control