Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Alzheimer's Progenitor Amyloid‐β Targets and Dissolves Microbial Amyloids and Impairs Biofilm Function

doi: 10.1002/advs.202301423

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aβ dissolved the biofilms made by the live culture of P. aeruginosa (PAO1) and E. coli (K‐12). A) Schematic illustration of Aβ dissolving microbial biofilms. B,C) K‐12, PAO1, CsgA mutant (MC4100), and FapC mutant (Pseudomonas UK4) cultures (optical density OD 0.3) were grown for 48 h in the wells of 96‐well plates with peg lid and biofilms were formed on the pegs. The biofilms were incubated with Aβ (0–7.5 µ m ) and stained with crystal violet dye ( n = 3). Aβ at 3.5 µ m significantly reduced biofilm synthesis (*, p < 0.05). D) PAO1 and K‐12 microbial cultures were grown overnight on small (100 mm) glass petri dishes. Biofilms formed at the glass surfaces were gently washed with PBS and treated with Aβ (3.5 µ m ) for 24 h (37 °C). After incubation with Aβ, biofilms were treated with 0.1% crystal violet stain for 15 min and images were taken by a stereomicroscope and brightfield channel (scale bar: 100 µm). Biofilms treated with Aβ were disintegrated in contrast to PBS control. ThT (100 µ m , 15 min) labelled biofilms showed similar biofilm breakage into smaller fragments with Aβ (scale bar: 100 µm). Similarly, TEM was used to examine the fragmented morphology of disintegrated microbial biofilms treated with Aβ. K‐12 showed 400–500 nm and for PAO1 100–200 nm biofilm chunks were observed (scale bar: 200 nm).

Article Snippet: Microbial culture of K12 and PAO1 were added to 96‐well plates at OD 0.3 and incubated overnight at the static condition at 37 °C with Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) peg lids (Innovotech, Edmonton, Canada) where biofilms were formed on the pegs.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Incubation, Staining, Control

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Alzheimer's Progenitor Amyloid‐β Targets and Dissolves Microbial Amyloids and Impairs Biofilm Function

doi: 10.1002/advs.202301423

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEM imaging of PAO1 and K‐12 biofilms after treatment with Aβ. Microbial cultures treated with Aβ were further examined in SEM. K‐12 and PAO1 cultures treated with Aβ (3.5 µ m ) both revealed substantial reduction in fimbriae‐like biofilm structures in Aβ treated samples, as compared to PBS‐treated samples.

Article Snippet: Microbial culture of K12 and PAO1 were added to 96‐well plates at OD 0.3 and incubated overnight at the static condition at 37 °C with Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) peg lids (Innovotech, Edmonton, Canada) where biofilms were formed on the pegs.

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Alzheimer's Progenitor Amyloid‐β Targets and Dissolves Microbial Amyloids and Impairs Biofilm Function

doi: 10.1002/advs.202301423

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Aβ increases the anti‐microbial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa and E. coli . Microbial cultures of PAO1 and K‐12 were grown overnight (OD 0.3, at 37 °C) and subjected to series of dilutions of Aβ (0–1 µ m ) and Pen (0–5 × 10 −2 U mL −1 ) Strep (0–5 × 10 −2 µg mL −1 ) in LB media ( n = 6). Biofilm swabs form pegs were streaked on LB agar plate and number of surviving colonies were counted. B) Concentration‐dependent antimicrobial effect with Pen, Strep effect was evident, C) whereas Aβ antimicrobial effect was diminished at higher concentrations. To examine the anti‐microbial susceptibility of PAO1 and K‐12, microbial cultures were treated overnight with selected concentrations of Aβ (0.05 µ m ) mixed with Pen (5 × 10 −6 U mL −1 ) Strep (5 × 10 −6 µg mL −1 ) in LB media. Biofilm swabs were streaked on LB agar plate (D) that presented a significant reduction in the number of surviving colonies (E) (*, p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Microbial culture of K12 and PAO1 were added to 96‐well plates at OD 0.3 and incubated overnight at the static condition at 37 °C with Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) peg lids (Innovotech, Edmonton, Canada) where biofilms were formed on the pegs.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Variable Responses to Carbon Utilization between Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of a Human Carrier Strain of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126207

Figure Lengend Snippet: A total of 190 carbon substrates were tested. A: Alcohol, B: Amide, C: Amine, D: Amino acid, E: Carbohydrate, F: Carboxylic acid, G: Ester, H: Fatty acid, I: Polymer. Y-axis indicates the percentage of carbon utilized in planktonic, biofilm and biofilm inducing S . Typhi bacterial growth stages. X-axis shows the carbon category for each carbon substrate tested. The Venn diagram was obtained based on the Average Growth Curve (AUC) area and was classified into a combination of 6 different bacterial growth stages: growth only in planktonic; only in biofilm; inducing biofilm formation; planktonic and biofilm only; planktonic and inducing biofilm formation only; biofilm and inducing biofilm formation only; all 3 stages of bacterial growth planktonic, biofilm and inducing biofilm formation. S . Typhi biofilm growth stage was tested using the 96-well peg lid on Phenotype MicroArray plate for 48 h. The biofilm inducing experiment was conducted using 0.5% crystal violet stain and absorbance was measured at wavelength OD 590nm every 6 h.

Article Snippet: In this study, differential carbon catabolism of the strain in planktonic and biofilm stages was measured using the high-throughput Biolog Phenotype MicroArray (PM) and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) biofilm inoculator (96-well peg lid) [ ].

Techniques: Polymer, Microarray, Staining

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Variable Responses to Carbon Utilization between Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of a Human Carrier Strain of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig 2A. Carboxylic acid; Fig 2B. Carbohydrate; Fig 2C. Amino acid; Fig 2D. Ester, fatty acid and polymer. Area under the growth curve values of substrates utilized by S . Typhi strain CR0044 was determined using Biolog Phenotype MicroArray plates PM1 and PM2. The maximal kinetic curve height was expressed as a grayscale ranging from 0 (light gray) to 44 (black) area under the curve units. Color highlights show differences between biofilm and planktonic S . Typhi; green (planktonic only), yellow (biofilm only), red (both planktonic and biofilm), purple (induced biofilm). Phenotypes < 0 were considered negative.

Article Snippet: In this study, differential carbon catabolism of the strain in planktonic and biofilm stages was measured using the high-throughput Biolog Phenotype MicroArray (PM) and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) biofilm inoculator (96-well peg lid) [ ].

Techniques: Polymer, Microarray

Journal: Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus

doi: 10.1128/JCM.02861-15

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nonantibiotic agents on a preformed biofilm produced by representative laboratory isolates of bacteria a

Article Snippet: After final dilutions, 150 μl was transferred to a 96-well minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) microtiter plate (Innovotech, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada).

Techniques: Produced, Bacteria, Control

Journal: Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus

doi: 10.1128/JCM.02861-15

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nonantibiotic agents on a preformed biofilm produced by bacteria isolated from mares with clinical disease

Article Snippet: After final dilutions, 150 μl was transferred to a 96-well minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) microtiter plate (Innovotech, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada).

Techniques: Produced, Bacteria, Isolation, Control

Journal: Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus

doi: 10.1128/JCM.02861-15

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of compounds tested as a percentage of total number of clinical isolates inhibited in multiple assays

Article Snippet: After final dilutions, 150 μl was transferred to a 96-well minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) microtiter plate (Innovotech, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada).

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus

doi: 10.1128/JCM.02861-15

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bioluminescent imaging of the equine uterus at 5 days postinoculation with lux-labeled P. aeruginosa. Luminescence was detected following repeated washing of the endometrial surface of the uterine body, indicating that the bioluminescent biofilm-like material produced by lux-labeled P. aeruginosa was strongly adherent and difficult to remove from the endometrium.

Article Snippet: After final dilutions, 150 μl was transferred to a 96-well minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) microtiter plate (Innovotech, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada).

Techniques: Imaging, Labeling, Produced