Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Computational characterization of inhaled droplet transport to the nasopharynx

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85765-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantifying virion transmission to the nasopharynx: ( A ) Graphical representation of the flow-averaged data on the percentage of droplets of each size undergoing deposition at the nasopharynx. ( B ) Distribution of droplet sizes ejected each minute during normal speaking, the numbers are calculated from earlier studies on expelled droplet tracking with food coloring ; the reported size distribution is for dehydrated droplets. Also note that the referenced article described the size bin limits as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha - \beta $$\end{document} α - β (in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\upmu $$\end{document} μ ). For consistency, we typically interpreted that as droplet sizes (in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\upmu $$\end{document} μ ) that are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\ge \alpha $$\end{document} ≥ α and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$< \beta $$\end{document} < β ; and in this graphic, such a droplet size bin range is represented by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$[\alpha ,\beta )$$\end{document} [ α , β ) , conforming to set theory notations. ( C ) Pie diagram showing which droplet sizes are dominant contributors for virion transmission at the nasopharynx, for ejecta size distribution as in ( B ). Symbol \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbb {D}$$\end{document} D is the inhaled droplet diameter. The numbers assume that the droplets have undergone dehydration before being inhaled into the nasal airspace. ( D ) Estimated number of virions that are deposited at the susceptible individual’s nasopharynx via dehydrated inhaled droplets, during close-range exposure to a COVID-19 carrier for 5 min. Outputs in ( A – D ) in the above graphic respectively correspond to the steps marked by labels A – D in Fig. . The plots on ( A , C ) are generated using Microsoft Excel 365; link to software homepage .

Article Snippet: The digitized anatomic geometries, the simulation data-sets (including Fluent .cas and .dat files), and the numeric protocols; along with MATLAB codes, Wolfram Mathematica notebooks, and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets used for data post-processing—are available on-request from the author, through a shared-access Google Drive folder .

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Generated, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Computational characterization of inhaled droplet transport to the nasopharynx

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85765-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of environmental dehydration assessed via probabilistic interpretation of a droplet to contain at least 1 virion, based on whether the droplet size at inhalation is pre-dehydration or post-dehydration. The plots are generated using Microsoft Excel 365; link to software homepage .

Article Snippet: The digitized anatomic geometries, the simulation data-sets (including Fluent .cas and .dat files), and the numeric protocols; along with MATLAB codes, Wolfram Mathematica notebooks, and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets used for data post-processing—are available on-request from the author, through a shared-access Google Drive folder .

Techniques: Generated, Software