Journal: BMC Genomics

Article Title: Importance of the interferon-α system in murine large intestine indicated by microarray analysis of commensal bacteria-induced immunological changes

doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-192

Figure Lengend Snippet: Genes more highly expressed in large intestines of GF mice than those in SPF mice

Article Snippet: lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9 , Lgals9 , 1.96 , 0.023 , + , Mm00495295_m1 103335_at.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Virus, Sequencing, Membrane

Journal: BMC Genomics

Article Title: Importance of the interferon-α system in murine large intestine indicated by microarray analysis of commensal bacteria-induced immunological changes

doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-192

Figure Lengend Snippet: Verification of the changes in gene expression by quantitative realtime RT-PCR

Article Snippet: lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9 , Lgals9 , 1.96 , 0.023 , + , Mm00495295_m1 103335_at.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Sequencing, Binding Assay

Journal: BMC Genomics

Article Title: Importance of the interferon-α system in murine large intestine indicated by microarray analysis of commensal bacteria-induced immunological changes

doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-192

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in gene expression of flora-reconstituted mice (quantitative realtime RT-PCR)

Article Snippet: lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9 , Lgals9 , 1.96 , 0.023 , + , Mm00495295_m1 103335_at.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Sequencing, Binding Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: mGBP2 engages Galectin-9 and Cytoskeleton-associated Protein 4 for immunity against Toxoplasma gondii

doi: 10.1101/2021.12.28.474342

Figure Lengend Snippet: mGBP2 -/- MEFs were reconstituted with GFP-mGBP2 WT or one of the indicated mGBP2 truncation mutants as well as one of the N-terminal mCherry fusion proteins mCherry-mGBP2, mCherry-Gal9 or mCherry-Ckap4. Cells were stimulated with IFN-γ for 16 h and infected with of T. gondii ME49 for 4h. Cells were lysed and postnuclear supernatants were incubated o/n with either RFP-Trap ® beads or with GFP-Trap ® beads at 4°C. IP samples and appropriate cell lysate supernatants were subjected to Western Blotting. Blots were stained with α-GFP or α-mCherry antibodies. GTP-binding domain only (G), the G-domain and the middle domain (GM) or the C-terminal effector domain (E) .

Article Snippet: Additionally, WB analysis was performed with a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Ckap4 (STJ110088, St John’s Laboratory Ltd, UK) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Gal9 (ARP54821_P050, Aviva Systems Biology).

Techniques: Infection, Incubation, Western Blot, Staining, Binding Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: mGBP2 engages Galectin-9 and Cytoskeleton-associated Protein 4 for immunity against Toxoplasma gondii

doi: 10.1101/2021.12.28.474342

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recruitment and colocalization of mGBP2, Gal9, and Ckpap4 was analyzed after transduction of a GFP-mGBP2 fusion construct in mGBP2 -/- MEFs and additional transduction of either mCherry-Gal9 or mCherry-Ckap4. MEFs were seeded and incubated on glass slides, stimulated with IFN-γ for 16 h and subsequently infected with T. gondii ME49 for 2 h. After fixation, infected cells were treated with an α-RFP V H H nanobody conjugated to eGFPBoosterAtto647N and with an α-GFP V H H nanobody conjugated to eGFPBoosterAtto488 for enhancement of the immunofluorescence of mCherry and GFP, respectively. Glass slides were analyzed by STED microscopy. Bars 2 μm. The graphs in the right panel depict a fluorescence intensity analysis of STED images on the far right with the ImageJ software (Fiji) for Atto488 and Atto647 fluorescence signals along the cross sections of PVMs as indicated.

Article Snippet: Additionally, WB analysis was performed with a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Ckap4 (STJ110088, St John’s Laboratory Ltd, UK) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Gal9 (ARP54821_P050, Aviva Systems Biology).

Techniques: Transduction, Construct, Incubation, Infection, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Software

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: mGBP2 engages Galectin-9 and Cytoskeleton-associated Protein 4 for immunity against Toxoplasma gondii

doi: 10.1101/2021.12.28.474342

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recruitment of mGBP2 to the PVM was analyzed by transduction of a GFP-mGBP2 fusion construct in WT and independent NIH 3T3 cell line clones with verified CRISPR/Cas9 mediated inactivation of Gal9 or Ckap4 (see main text and Figs.S5/S6). Cells were stimulated with IFN-γ for 16 h and subsequently infected with T. gondii ME49 for 2 h. The recruitment rate of GFP-mGBP2 in WT cells was set as 100% and the recruitment rate of mGBP2 in the respective knock-out cells was calculated to this reference. The percentage values are plotted on the y-axis. Also, Gal9 and Ckap4 recruitment to the T. gondii PV was analyzed in mGBP2 -/- vs. WT MEFs transduced either with mCherry-Gal9 or mCherry-Ckap4. The rate of either Gal9 positive or Ckap4 positive PVMs in WT cells was set as 100% and related to the respective rates in mGBP2 knock out cells. The percentage values are plotted on the y-axis. After fixation, T. gondii were stained with an α-SAGI antibody and the nuclei were labeled with DAPI. Glass slides were analyzed by confocal microscopy. In each cell line more than 100 PVs were counted. Mean values ± SD are shown.

Article Snippet: Additionally, WB analysis was performed with a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Ckap4 (STJ110088, St John’s Laboratory Ltd, UK) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Gal9 (ARP54821_P050, Aviva Systems Biology).

Techniques: Transduction, Construct, Clone Assay, CRISPR, Infection, Knock-Out, Staining, Labeling, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: mGBP2 engages Galectin-9 and Cytoskeleton-associated Protein 4 for immunity against Toxoplasma gondii

doi: 10.1101/2021.12.28.474342

Figure Lengend Snippet: WT and independent NIH 3T3 cell line clones with verified CRISPR/Cas9 mediated inactivation of Gal9 or Ckap4 (see main text and Figs.S5/S6) were stimulated with IFN-γ for 16 h and subsequently infected with T. gondii ME49. After fixation, T. gondii were stained with an α-SAGI antibody and the cell nuclei were labeled with DAPI. Glass slides were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Bars, 5 μm. The amounts of rosettes (replicative units) and single parasites inside the PV were determined in WT, Gal9- and Ckap4-deficient NIH 3T3 fibroblasts 22 h after infection. In each cell line more than 100 PVs were counted. Mean values ± SD are shown (lower panel).

Article Snippet: Additionally, WB analysis was performed with a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Ckap4 (STJ110088, St John’s Laboratory Ltd, UK) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Gal9 (ARP54821_P050, Aviva Systems Biology).

Techniques: Clone Assay, CRISPR, Infection, Staining, Labeling, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: mGBP2 engages Galectin-9 and Cytoskeleton-associated Protein 4 for immunity against Toxoplasma gondii

doi: 10.1101/2021.12.28.474342

Figure Lengend Snippet: WT and independent NIH 3T3 cell line clones with verified CRISPR/Cas9 mediated inactivation of Gal9 or Ckap4 (see main text and Figs.S5/S6) and NIH 3T3 cell line clones with verified CRISPR/Cas9 mediated inactivation of Gal9 or Ckap4 reconstituted with mCherry-Gal9 or mCherry-Ckap4 were stimulated with IFN-γ for 16 h and subsequently infected with T. gondii ME49 for 22 h. After fixation, T. gondii were stained with an α-SAGI antibody and the cell nuclei were labeled with DAPI. Glass slides were analyzed by confocal microscopy. The amounts of rosettes (replicative units) and single parasites inside the PV were determined in WT, Gal9- and Ckap4-deficient and Gal9 or Ckap4 reconstituted NIH 3T3 fibroblasts 22 h after infection. In each cell line more than 100 PVs were counted. Mean values ± SD are shown.

Article Snippet: Additionally, WB analysis was performed with a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Ckap4 (STJ110088, St John’s Laboratory Ltd, UK) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody against Gal9 (ARP54821_P050, Aviva Systems Biology).

Techniques: Clone Assay, CRISPR, Infection, Staining, Labeling, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Chemotherapy-induced intestinal epithelial damage directly promotes galectin-9-driven modulation of T cell behavior

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Galectin-9 released by chemotherapy-damaged organoids modulates T cell activation, migration, and proliferation (A and B) Analysis of proteins present in conditioned media of organoids treated with chemotherapeutics busulfan (Bu), fludarabine (Flu), and clofarabine (Clo) as in the ex vivo T cell migration assay (Olink Proteomics) ( n = 3 donors). Each data point indicates the levels of galectin-9 (Gal-9) in the conditioned medium from each organoid condition (log scale) as normalized protein expression (NPX) units, mean with SEM, ANOVA. LOD: level of detection. (C) Gal-9 levels in plasma of HSCT patients with and without acute grade II-IV (gut) GVHD as measured by Luminex. n ≥ 5 patients per condition, mean with SEM, multiple t tests. (D) Migration of activated CD4 + and CD8 + T cells toward treated organoids in the presence of anti-Gal-9 blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb). n ≥ 5 T cell donors with 1 organoid donor, each data point indicates a T cell donor, mean with SEM, paired t test. (E) CD4 + and CD8 + T cell proliferation after co-culture with treated organoids in the presence of anti-Gal-9 mAb. n ≥ 4 T cell donors with 1 organoid donor, each data point indicates a T cell donor, mean with SEM, paired t test. (F) CD4 + and CD8 + T cell intracellular IFNγ after co-culture with treated organoids in the presence of anti-Gal-9 mAb. n ≥ 5 T cell donors with 1 organoid donor, each data point indicates a T cell donor, mean with SEM, paired t test. (G) CD4 + and CD8 + T cell proliferation after co-culture with Clo-treated LGALS9 -knock-out (KO) organoids. N = 3 T cell donors with 1 organoid donor, each data point indicates a T cell donor, mean with SEM, paired t test. (H) CD4 + and CD8 + T cell intracellular IFNγ after co-culture with Clo-treated LGALS9 -KO organoids. N = 3 T cell donors with 1 organoid donor, each data point indicates a T cell donor, mean with SEM, paired t test. Significance is indicated as p ≤ 0.05 (∗), p ≤ 0.01 (∗∗), or p ≤ 0.001 (∗∗∗) or p < 0.0001 (∗∗∗∗).

Article Snippet: TaqMan probe LGALS9 , Thermo Fisher , ID: Hs00371321_m1.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Migration, Ex Vivo, Cell Migration Assay, Expressing, Clinical Proteomics, Luminex, Blocking Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Knock-Out

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Chemotherapy-induced intestinal epithelial damage directly promotes galectin-9-driven modulation of T cell behavior

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110072

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: TaqMan probe LGALS9 , Thermo Fisher , ID: Hs00371321_m1.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Recombinant, Membrane, Isolation, Protease Inhibitor, cDNA Synthesis, Software, Cell Culture, Sterility

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Role of galectin-9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03879-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Galectin-9 in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). ( A ) LGALS9 mRNA expression in decidua and chorion tissues of human placenta in NGT ( n = 5) and GDM ( n = 5). ( B ) Plasma Gal-9 concentrations in NGT ( n = 14) and GDM ( n = 19) at 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, and after delivery. Data are shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by unpaired t -tests. C . Pearson correlation coefficient of plasma Gal-9 with various clinical parameters in NGT ( n = 14) and GDM ( n = 19) at 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, and after delivery. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001)

Article Snippet: TaqMan gene expression primers, human LGALS9 (Hs04190742_mH), human GAPDH (Hs02786624_g1), mouse Lgals9 (Mm00495295_m1), mouse Gapdh (Mm99999915_g1), Rplp0 (Mm00725448_s1), mouse Pcna (Mm05873628_g1), mouse Lamp1 (Mm01217070_m1), mouse Eomes (Mm01351986_m1), mouse Tnf (Mm00443258_m1), mouse Il6 (Mm00446190_m1), mouse Il10 (Mm00439614_m1), mouse Havcr2 (Mm01294183_m1), and mouse Cd244 (Mm00479575_m1) were used (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Role of galectin-9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03879-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose metabolism in B6-Lgals9 tm1glp (KO) and wild type (WT) pregnant mice. ( A ) Experimental design. WT (w/w) and KO (-/-) female mice were fed with standard fat diet (SFD, 10% fat) or high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) and mated with WT male mice. GD, gestational day; W, weeks of age; GTT, glucose tolerance test; ITT, insulin tolerance test. Created in BioRender. H, H. (2025) ( B ) Body weight of SDF WT ( n = 14), SDF KO ( n = 10), HFD WT ( n = 15), and HFD KO ( n = 9) pregnant mice. Body weight in HFD KO mice at GD7 (21.18 ± 0.69 g) was significantly lower than HFD WT mice (25.71 ± 2.43) ( P = 0.0005). The body weight in SFD KO mice at GD14 (24.23 ± 1.09) was lower than SFD WT (28.41 ± 4.68) ( P = 0.0025). ( C ) Glucose levels [SFD WT ( n = 7), SFD KO ( n = 5), HFD WT ( n = 8), and HFD KO ( n = 6)] and plasma insulin levels [SFD WT ( n = 6), SFD KO ( n = 5), HFD WT ( n = 5), and HFD KO ( n = 6)] in GTT at GD14. ( D ) Glucose levels [SFD WT ( n = 7), SFD HFD ( n = 8), SFD KO ( n = 5), and HFD KO ( n = 7)] in ITT at GD16 and serum fasting insulin levels [SFD WT ( n = 6), SFD KO ( n = 4), HFD WT ( n = 4), and HFD KO ( n = 6)] at GD19. ( E ) Placenta, liver, ovarian fat and fetus weight of WT and KO pregnant mice fed with SFD or HFD at GD19. Data are shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: TaqMan gene expression primers, human LGALS9 (Hs04190742_mH), human GAPDH (Hs02786624_g1), mouse Lgals9 (Mm00495295_m1), mouse Gapdh (Mm99999915_g1), Rplp0 (Mm00725448_s1), mouse Pcna (Mm05873628_g1), mouse Lamp1 (Mm01217070_m1), mouse Eomes (Mm01351986_m1), mouse Tnf (Mm00443258_m1), mouse Il6 (Mm00446190_m1), mouse Il10 (Mm00439614_m1), mouse Havcr2 (Mm01294183_m1), and mouse Cd244 (Mm00479575_m1) were used (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Role of galectin-9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03879-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of Gal-9 in placenta derived from B6-Lgals9 tm1glp (KO) and wild type (WT) pregnant mice. ( A ) Immunohistochemical staining of Gal-9 in placenta at gestational day (GD19). Gal-9 is observed in the cytoplasm and cell surface of trophoblast giant cells (TGC, red arrows) and spongiotrophoblast cells (SP, yellow arrows) in SFD WT, SFD KO, HFD WT, and HFD KO mice. D, decidua; JZ, junctional zone; Lab, labyrinth. B . Western blot analysis of Gal-9 in placenta at GD19 and densitometric analyses ( n = 3 in each group). C . mRNA expression of Lgals9 normalized by Rplp0 and Gapdh in placenta, liver, and ovarian fat derived from SFD WT ( n = 6), SFD KO ( n = 5), HFD WT ( n = 5), and HFD KO ( n = 6). Data are shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey test (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01). SFD, standard fat diet, 10% fat; HFD, high fat diet, 60% fat.

Article Snippet: TaqMan gene expression primers, human LGALS9 (Hs04190742_mH), human GAPDH (Hs02786624_g1), mouse Lgals9 (Mm00495295_m1), mouse Gapdh (Mm99999915_g1), Rplp0 (Mm00725448_s1), mouse Pcna (Mm05873628_g1), mouse Lamp1 (Mm01217070_m1), mouse Eomes (Mm01351986_m1), mouse Tnf (Mm00443258_m1), mouse Il6 (Mm00446190_m1), mouse Il10 (Mm00439614_m1), mouse Havcr2 (Mm01294183_m1), and mouse Cd244 (Mm00479575_m1) were used (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Role of galectin-9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03879-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis assay in placenta derived from B6-Lgals9 tm1glp (KO) and wild type (WT) pregnant mice. ( A ) Immunohistochemical staining of PCNA in placenta at gestational day 19 (GD19). ( B ) The counts of PCNA positive cells in whole placenta sections in SFD WT ( n = 3), SFD KO ( n = 3), HFD WT ( n = 3), and HFD KO ( n = 4), and mRNA expression of Pcna normalized by Rplp0 in SFD WT ( n = 5), SFD KO ( n = 5), HFD WT ( n = 5), and HFD KO ( n = 6). ( C ) Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL assay) of placenta at GD19. The apoptotic cells are labeled by 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB). SFD, standard fat diet, 10% fat; HFD, high fat diet, 60% fat.

Article Snippet: TaqMan gene expression primers, human LGALS9 (Hs04190742_mH), human GAPDH (Hs02786624_g1), mouse Lgals9 (Mm00495295_m1), mouse Gapdh (Mm99999915_g1), Rplp0 (Mm00725448_s1), mouse Pcna (Mm05873628_g1), mouse Lamp1 (Mm01217070_m1), mouse Eomes (Mm01351986_m1), mouse Tnf (Mm00443258_m1), mouse Il6 (Mm00446190_m1), mouse Il10 (Mm00439614_m1), mouse Havcr2 (Mm01294183_m1), and mouse Cd244 (Mm00479575_m1) were used (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Apoptosis Assay, Derivative Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, TUNEL Assay, Labeling

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Role of galectin-9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03879-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Autophagy in placenta derived from B6-Lgals9 tm1glp (KO) and wild type (WT) pregnant mice. ( A ) Electron micrographs of placenta at gestational day 19 (GD19) showing decidua and junctional zone. AP, autophagosome (yellow arrow); L, lysosomes (blue arrow); AL, autophagolysosomes (red arrow). ( B ) The number of autophagosome, lysosomes and autolysosomes per 50 µm2 area of decidua and junctional zone. ( C ) Western blots and densitometric analyses of p62, microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) and β-actin. Data shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001). SFD, standard fat diet, 10% fat; HFD, high fat diet, 60% fat.

Article Snippet: TaqMan gene expression primers, human LGALS9 (Hs04190742_mH), human GAPDH (Hs02786624_g1), mouse Lgals9 (Mm00495295_m1), mouse Gapdh (Mm99999915_g1), Rplp0 (Mm00725448_s1), mouse Pcna (Mm05873628_g1), mouse Lamp1 (Mm01217070_m1), mouse Eomes (Mm01351986_m1), mouse Tnf (Mm00443258_m1), mouse Il6 (Mm00446190_m1), mouse Il10 (Mm00439614_m1), mouse Havcr2 (Mm01294183_m1), and mouse Cd244 (Mm00479575_m1) were used (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Role of galectin-9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03879-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow cytometry analysis in placenta derived from B6-Lgals9 tm1glp (KO) and wild type (WT) pregnant mice. ( A ) Percentage of CD45 + CD3 − CD49b + conventional NK (cNK) cells in total leukocytes. ( B ) Percentage of CD45 + CD3 − CD49b − CD49a + trNK (tissue-resident NK) cells in total leukocytes. ( C ) Percentage of CD45 + CD3 − CD49b − CD49a + C366 + (Tim-3 + ) trNK cells. Tim-3, T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3. ( D ) Percentage of Zombie − Annexin + early apoptotic trNK cells in Tim-3 + trNK cells. ( E ) mRNA expression of Cd244 , Havcr2 (Tim-3), Eomes , Tnfa , Il6 , and Il10 . Data shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey test (* p < 0.05). N = 4–6 in each group. SFD, standard fat diet, 10% fat; HFD, high fat diet, 60% fat.

Article Snippet: TaqMan gene expression primers, human LGALS9 (Hs04190742_mH), human GAPDH (Hs02786624_g1), mouse Lgals9 (Mm00495295_m1), mouse Gapdh (Mm99999915_g1), Rplp0 (Mm00725448_s1), mouse Pcna (Mm05873628_g1), mouse Lamp1 (Mm01217070_m1), mouse Eomes (Mm01351986_m1), mouse Tnf (Mm00443258_m1), mouse Il6 (Mm00446190_m1), mouse Il10 (Mm00439614_m1), mouse Havcr2 (Mm01294183_m1), and mouse Cd244 (Mm00479575_m1) were used (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Derivative Assay, Expressing

Journal: Molecular carcinogenesis

Article Title: CD137 Protein Expression Pattern Determines the Functional Role of Galectin-9 in Colorectal Cancer.

doi: 10.1002/mc.23838

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6 | Effects of exogenous Galectin‐9 intervention and/or CD137 overexpression on the CT26 tumor model. (A) Collective photograph of the mice at the end of the experiment. (B) Collective photograph of the completely excised tumor tissues from each group of mice. (C) Growth curves of tumors in each group of mice. (D) Trends in body weight changes for each group of mice. (E) Representative images of the distribution of Ki67 immunohistochemical staining in the tumor tissues of each group. (F) Comparative analysis of the proportion of Ki67 positive cells in the tumor tissues of each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05 versus vehicle or Gal‐9, #p < 0.05 versus CD137‐OE. SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: The mice were divided into the following experimental groups: Gal‐9 Group: Mice were given a daily intravenous injection of 30 μg/mouse of Gal‐9 (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) [22] after tumor cell inoculation.

Techniques: Over Expression, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular carcinogenesis

Article Title: CD137 Protein Expression Pattern Determines the Functional Role of Galectin-9 in Colorectal Cancer.

doi: 10.1002/mc.23838

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 7 | Effects of Galectin‐9 supplementation and CD137 knockout/overexpression on the MC38 tumor model. (A) Collective photograph of the mice at the end of the experiment. (B) Collective photograph of the completely excised tumor tissues from each group of mice. (C) Growth curves of tumors in each group of mice. (D) Trends in body weight changes for each group of mice. (E) Representative images of the distribution of Ki67 immunohistochemical staining in the tumor tissues of each group. (F) Comparative analysis of the proportion of Ki67 positive cells in the tumor tissues of each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05 versus vehicle, #p < 0.05 versus Gal‐9, &p < 0.05 versus CD137‐OE, ▲p < 0.05 versus Tnfrsf9‐KO. SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: The mice were divided into the following experimental groups: Gal‐9 Group: Mice were given a daily intravenous injection of 30 μg/mouse of Gal‐9 (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) [22] after tumor cell inoculation.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Over Expression, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular carcinogenesis

Article Title: CD137 Protein Expression Pattern Determines the Functional Role of Galectin-9 in Colorectal Cancer.

doi: 10.1002/mc.23838

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 8 | Investigating the impacts of Galectin‐9 supplementation and CD137 knockout/overexpression on the infiltration of immune cells on the tumor microenvironment of murine colon cancer. (A) Representative images of CD137 expression distribution in CT26 and MC38 colon cancer tumor tissues, demonstrated through immunohistochemical staining. (B) Comparative analysis of the proportion of CD137‐positive cells in CT26 and MC38 colon cancer tumor tissues. (C) Distribution of activated T cells in CT26 colon cancer tumor tissues, shown using CD3 and CD137 dual immunofluorescence labeling. (D, E) Comparative analysis of the proportion of CD3+ cells and CD3+CD137+ positive cells in CT26 colon cancer tumor tissues. (F) Similarly, using CD3 and CD137 dual immunofluorescence labeling, the distribution of activated T cells in MC38 colon cancer tumor tissues are shown. (G, H) Comparative analysis of the proportion of CD3+ and CD3+CD137+ positive cells in MC38 colon cancer tumor tissues. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05 versus vehicle, #p < 0.05 versus Gal‐9, &p < 0.05 versus CD137‐OE, ▲p < 0.05 versus Tnfrsf9‐KO. SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: The mice were divided into the following experimental groups: Gal‐9 Group: Mice were given a daily intravenous injection of 30 μg/mouse of Gal‐9 (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) [22] after tumor cell inoculation.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Over Expression, Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular carcinogenesis

Article Title: CD137 Protein Expression Pattern Determines the Functional Role of Galectin-9 in Colorectal Cancer.

doi: 10.1002/mc.23838

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 9 | Effects of Galectin‐9 supplementation and CD137 knockout/overexpression on T cell activation in murine colon cancer tumor tissues. (A) Representative bands of phosphorylated CD3ζ, total CD3ζ, phosphorylated ZAP70, and total ZAP70 protein expression in CT26 tumor tissues were detected using western blot analysis. (B) Quantitative analysis compared the levels of phosphorylated CD3ζ in various groups of CT26 tumor tissues. (C) Quantitative analysis compared the levels of phosphorylated ZAP70 in various groups of CT26 tumor tissues. (D) Representative bands of phosphorylated CD3ζ, total CD3ζ, phosphorylated ZAP70, and total ZAP70 protein expression in MC38 tumor tissues were detected using western blot analysis. (E) Quantitative analysis compared the levels of phosphorylated CD3ζ in various groups of MC38 tumor tissues. (F) Quan- titative analysis compared the levels of phosphorylated ZAP70 in various groups of MC38 tumor tissues. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05 versus vehicle, #p < 0.05 versus Gal‐9, &p < 0.05 versus CD137‐OE, ▲p < 0.05 versus Tnfrsf9‐KO. SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: The mice were divided into the following experimental groups: Gal‐9 Group: Mice were given a daily intravenous injection of 30 μg/mouse of Gal‐9 (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) [22] after tumor cell inoculation.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Over Expression, Activation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation