Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Hydroethanolic Extract of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Activation

doi: 10.3390/antiox13070795

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of Identified Compounds of Hydroethanolic Extract of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow (LWE) via UPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Article Snippet: Reference standards such as catechin, vicenin-2, sinapine, gentiopicroside, isoquercitrin, astragalin, sophoricoside, scoparone, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were procured from Targetmol (Wellesley Hills, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Hydroethanolic Extract of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Activation

doi: 10.3390/antiox13070795

Figure Lengend Snippet: UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow (LWE). ( A ) Base peak chromatogram in negative and positive ion mode for LWE. ( B ) Extracted ion chromatogram of LWE. The identified compounds are: 1, catechin; 2, vicenin-2; 3, sinapine; 4, gentiopicroside; 5, isoquercitrin; 6, astragalin; 7, sophoricoside; 8, scoparone; 9, quercetin; 10, kaempferol; and 11, isorhamnetin.

Article Snippet: Reference standards such as catechin, vicenin-2, sinapine, gentiopicroside, isoquercitrin, astragalin, sophoricoside, scoparone, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were procured from Targetmol (Wellesley Hills, MA, USA).

Techniques: Tandem Mass Spectroscopy

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Fermented Vinegars from Apple Peels, Raspberries, Rosehips, Lavender, Mint, and Rose Petals: The Composition, Antioxidant Power, and Genoprotective Abilities in Comparison to Acetic Macerates, Decoctions, and Tinctures

doi: 10.3390/antiox9111121

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flavonoids and phenolic acids identified in fruit and herb extracts analyzed with HPLC.

Article Snippet: The standards for HPLC of flavonoids and phenolic acids were: apigenin; baicalein; chrysin; cynaroside; luteolin; myricetin; naringoside; quercetin; quercitrin; robinin; rutoside; scutellarein; trifolin; vitexin; wogonoside; caffeic acid; cinnamic acid; chlorogenic acid; m-coumaric acid; o-coumaric acid; p-coumaric acid; 3;4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; ellagic acid; ferulic acid; isoferulic acid; gallic acid; gentisic acid; hydrocaffeic acid; p-hydroxybenzoic acid; neochlorogenic acid; phenylacetic acid; 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid; 4- O -feruloylquinic acid; protocatechuic acid; rosmarinic acid; salicylic acid; sinapic acid; syringic acid; vanillic acid; baicalin; diosmetin; kaempferol; scutellarin; wogonin; verbascoside; isoverbascoside; isoquercetin (ChromaDex, Irvine, CA, USA); benzoic acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); apigetrin; hyperoside; isorhamnetin; isorhamnetin 3-rhamnoside; kaempferol 3-rhamnoside; kaempferol 7-rhamnoside; quercetin-7- O -beta-glucopyranoside; populnin; rhamnetin (isolated in the Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland); isochlorogenic acid; cryptochlorogenic acid; caftaric acid; p-coumaric acid methyl ester; oroxylin A; skullcapflavone II; quercetin-3- O -glucoside-7- O -rhamnoside; guaijaverin; naringenin 7- O -rutinoside; kaempferol 3- O -rhamninoside; miquelianin; kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside; apigenin-7-glucuronide; apigenin 5- O -beta-glucopyranoside; apigenin 4′-rhamnoside; kaempferol 4′- O -beta-D-glucopyranoside; quercetin- O -arabinofuranoside; catechin; epicatechin; epigallocatechin; epigallocatechin gallate; epicatechin gallate (ChemFaces Biochemical Co., Wuhan, China.

Techniques:

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Divergent and Overlapping Roles for Selected Phytochemicals in the Regulation of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy

doi: 10.3390/molecules26051210

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dietary inhibitors of Cardiac hypertrophy.

Article Snippet: The following dietary compounds were purchased from Selleckchem: apigenin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2262), baicalein (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2269), baicalin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2268), berberine hydrochloride (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2271), Cat#- S2268), caffeic acid (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2277), dihydromyricetin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2399), emodin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2295), (−)-epigallacatechin gallate (Selleckchem, Cat#- 2250), gossypol acetate (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2303), hematoxylin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2384), indirubin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2386), kaempferol (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2314), luteolin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2320), morin hydrate (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2325), myricetin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2326), myricitrin (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2327), palmatine chloride (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2397) and quercetin dihydrate (Selleckchem, Cat#- S2347).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kaempferol (5–100 µM) does not influence macrophages cell viability. ( a ) Cell viability was assessed by calculating the LDH value in the medium from treated cells, ( b ) the crystal violet test on adherent cells was used to measure cell proliferation; ns—not significant. Mean ± SD of three separate experiments.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kaempferol significantly prevents IFN-γ-triggered overexpression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1. To amplify complementary DNA, gene-specific primer sequences were utilized. The mean standard deviation of three separate experiments is reported. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, with *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Over Expression, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kaempferol effectively inhibits THP1 monocyte migration triggered by MCP-1. The number of migrated cells was quantified and reported as a proportion of transmigrated cells to measure monocyte migration. The mean standard deviation of three separate experiments is reported. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, with **** p ≤ 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Migration, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Genes most significantly differentially up- and downregulated by IFN-γ + kaempferol treatment vs. control).

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Immunopeptidomics, Binding Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Most associated, activated, and inhibited canonical pathways canonical pathways identified in the “IFN-γ + kaempferol” treatment group.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Immunopeptidomics, Activation Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: In cells treated with IFN-γ + kaempferol, canonical pathways indicating Cardiac Hypertrophy signaling (enhanced) were found using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Upregulated genes are shown in red, whereas downregulated genes are shown in green.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biological processes derived from functional enrichment networks associated with genes affected by IFN-γ + kaempferol treatement.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Functional Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of IFN-γ and IFN-γ + kaempferol treatments on the mRNA expression of important genes involved in atherosclerosis.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Coagulation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap displaying the levels of differentially expressed genes in the presence of 130 nM IFN-γ and 130 nM IFN-γ + 10 µM kaempferol. Color code: red for upregulated, green for downregulated genes, and black for non-significant expression difference.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antiatherogenic Actions of Kaempferol in Human THP-1 Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/ijms23137461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein–protein interaction networks constructed for the IFN-γ + kaempferol group, predicted by the STRING database.

Article Snippet: For the preparation of a stock solution, 8 mg of kaempferol (purity ≥97% HPLC) was dissolved in 2.79 mL of DMSO (Catalogue No: D12345) (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Construct

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Inhibition of ANO1 by luteolin and its cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174935

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Immunoblot of ANO1 protein in FRT, FRT-ANO1 and PC-3 cells expressing high and low levels of ANO1. Representatives of three sets of studies are shown. B, C) ANO1 activity was measured in PC-3 cells expressing high and low levels of ANO1. ANO1 activity was inhibited by the indicated concentrations of luteolin and Ani9 (1 μM), a specific ANO1 inhibitor. D) Effect of kaempferol on ANO1 channel activity was observed in FRT-ANO1 cells. Indicated concentration of kaempferol was pretreated for 20 min and then 100 μM ATP was applied to activate ANO1. E) Effect of kaempferol on ANO1 activity in PC-3 cells expressing high levels of ANO1. F) Effect of luteolin and kaempferol on calcium signaling was measured using Fluo-4 in PC-3 cells.

Article Snippet: Luteolin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) and kaempferol was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Inhibition of ANO1 by luteolin and its cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174935

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, B) PC-3 cells expressing high and low levels of ANO1 were treated with luteolin and kaempferol at the indicated concentration, and cell proliferation was measured after 24 hour incubation using MTS assay (mean ± S.E., n = 6). C, D) Wound healing assay was performed on PC-3 cells expressing high and low levels of ANO1. The cells were treated with 10 and 30 μM luteolin, and representative images were taken at 0 h and 48 h post wounding (× 10). (right) The wound closure was quantified at 48 h post-wound (mean ± S.E., n = 5). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Luteolin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) and kaempferol was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO).

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay, Incubation, MTS Assay, Wound Healing Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Inhibition of ANO1 by luteolin and its cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174935

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Immunoblot analysis of ANO1 in PC-3 cells expressing high levels of ANO1. Cells were incubated with indicated concentration of luteolin and kaempferol for 24 hour. B) The ANO1 band intensity was normalized to β-actin (mean ± S.E., n = 3–4). C) Effect of luteolin and kaempferol on gene expression levels of ANO1 in the PC-3 cells (mean ± S.E., n = 3). D) Luteolin-induced time-dependent changes of ANO1 protein levels in the PC-3 cells. E) The ANO1 band intensity was normalized to β-actin (mean ± S.E., n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Luteolin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) and kaempferol was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Gene Expression