ino1001 Search Results


parp inhibitor 3 ab  (MedChemExpress)
94
MedChemExpress parp inhibitor 3 ab
Parp Inhibitor 3 Ab, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/parp inhibitor 3 ab/product/MedChemExpress
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
parp inhibitor 3 ab - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
94/100 stars
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ino1001  (MedChemExpress)
94
MedChemExpress ino1001
A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using <t>INO1001,</t> JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.
Ino1001, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/ino1001/product/MedChemExpress
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
ino1001 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
94/100 stars
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ino-1001  (Inotek Pharmaceuticals)
90
Inotek Pharmaceuticals ino-1001
A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using <t>INO1001,</t> JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.
Ino 1001, supplied by Inotek Pharmaceuticals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/ino-1001/product/Inotek Pharmaceuticals
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
ino-1001 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
90/100 stars
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ino-1001  (Genentech inc)
90
Genentech inc ino-1001
A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using <t>INO1001,</t> JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.
Ino 1001, supplied by Genentech inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/ino-1001/product/Genentech inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
ino-1001 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
90/100 stars
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vehicle for ino-1001 5% dextrose  (Abbott Laboratories)
90
Abbott Laboratories vehicle for ino-1001 5% dextrose
A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using <t>INO1001,</t> JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.
Vehicle For Ino 1001 5% Dextrose, supplied by Abbott Laboratories, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/vehicle for ino-1001 5% dextrose/product/Abbott Laboratories
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
vehicle for ino-1001 5% dextrose - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
90/100 stars
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parp inhibitor ino-1001  (Millar Inc)
90
Millar Inc parp inhibitor ino-1001
A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using <t>INO1001,</t> JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.
Parp Inhibitor Ino 1001, supplied by Millar Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/parp inhibitor ino-1001/product/Millar Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
parp inhibitor ino-1001 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
90/100 stars
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parp-1 inhibitor ino1001  (ApexBio)
90
ApexBio parp-1 inhibitor ino1001
A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using <t>INO1001,</t> JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.
Parp 1 Inhibitor Ino1001, supplied by ApexBio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/parp-1 inhibitor ino1001/product/ApexBio
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
parp-1 inhibitor ino1001 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
90/100 stars
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ino-1001  (Dawley Inc)
90
Dawley Inc ino-1001
A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using <t>INO1001,</t> JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.
Ino 1001, supplied by Dawley Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/ino-1001/product/Dawley Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
ino-1001 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

Image Search Results


A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using INO1001, JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inherited retinal degenerations: PARP regulates calpain activation via TRPM2 channels in rd1 mouse photoreceptors

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.13.688383

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) Diagram illustrating how PARP-signalling may influence Ca 2+ -influx and calpain-2 activity. PARP, PARG, and TRPM2 were inhibited using INO1001, JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, respectively. B ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. C ) Scatter plot showing percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 9; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 5. D ) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. E ) Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 13; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 8; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test comparing rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Cultures were treated with 0.1 μM INO1001 (IC 50 : ≈ 3 nM [ , ], A20680; AdooQ, Irvine, USA), 5 μM JA2131 (IC 50 : 0.4 μM [ ], HY-137924; MedChemExpress, Sollentuna, Sweden), 50 μM 8-Br-ADPR (IC 50 : 5 μM [ ], No.: B 051; BIOLOG, Bremen, Germany), and 1 μM Olaparib (IC 50 : 5 nM [ ], T3015; TargetMol; Boston; USA) for monotherapies and 0.1 μM INO1001 and 5 μM JA2131 or 1 μM Olaparib and 5 μM JA2131 for combined therapies (The details of compounds were presented in ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Staining, Comparison

A ) Different concentrations of INO1001 were tested in rd1 mouse retinal explant cultures. In the outer nuclear layer (ONL), at concentrations of 0.1 µM and 1 µM, INO1001 significantly decreased the numbers of ONL cells displaying calpain activity, PARP activity, and cell death (TUNEL assay). B ) Different concentrations of JA2131 tested in rd1 explant cultures. In the ONL, at concentrations of 0.5 µM, 5 µM, and 25 µM, JA2131 significantly reduced ONL calpain activity, and cell death, as assessed by the TUNEL assay. C ) Dose-response for 8-Br-ADPR in rd1 explant cultures. 50 µM and 100 µM 8-Br-ADPR significantly reduced calpain activity, PARP activity, and cell death (TUNEL) in the ONL. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test; significance levels: * = p < 0.05 error bars represent SD.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inherited retinal degenerations: PARP regulates calpain activation via TRPM2 channels in rd1 mouse photoreceptors

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.13.688383

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) Different concentrations of INO1001 were tested in rd1 mouse retinal explant cultures. In the outer nuclear layer (ONL), at concentrations of 0.1 µM and 1 µM, INO1001 significantly decreased the numbers of ONL cells displaying calpain activity, PARP activity, and cell death (TUNEL assay). B ) Different concentrations of JA2131 tested in rd1 explant cultures. In the ONL, at concentrations of 0.5 µM, 5 µM, and 25 µM, JA2131 significantly reduced ONL calpain activity, and cell death, as assessed by the TUNEL assay. C ) Dose-response for 8-Br-ADPR in rd1 explant cultures. 50 µM and 100 µM 8-Br-ADPR significantly reduced calpain activity, PARP activity, and cell death (TUNEL) in the ONL. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test; significance levels: * = p < 0.05 error bars represent SD.

Article Snippet: Cultures were treated with 0.1 μM INO1001 (IC 50 : ≈ 3 nM [ , ], A20680; AdooQ, Irvine, USA), 5 μM JA2131 (IC 50 : 0.4 μM [ ], HY-137924; MedChemExpress, Sollentuna, Sweden), 50 μM 8-Br-ADPR (IC 50 : 5 μM [ ], No.: B 051; BIOLOG, Bremen, Germany), and 1 μM Olaparib (IC 50 : 5 nM [ ], T3015; TargetMol; Boston; USA) for monotherapies and 0.1 μM INO1001 and 5 μM JA2131 or 1 μM Olaparib and 5 μM JA2131 for combined therapies (The details of compounds were presented in ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, TUNEL Assay, Comparison

A ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1*Cngb1 -/- and wt retina were compared to rd1*Cngb1 -/- retina treated with either INO1001 or Olaparib. B ) Scatter plot showing the percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 7; Untr. rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 11; INO1001 rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 7; Olaparib rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 9. C) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1*Cngb1 -/- and wt retinal explant cultures. D ) Untreated wt and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 9; Untr. rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 20; INO1001 rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 7; Olaparib rd1*Cngb1 -/- :14. Statistical testing: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test performed between rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inherited retinal degenerations: PARP regulates calpain activation via TRPM2 channels in rd1 mouse photoreceptors

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.13.688383

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) PARP activity assay (cyan) was performed in rd1 and wild-type ( wt ) retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) rd1*Cngb1 -/- and wt retina were compared to rd1*Cngb1 -/- retina treated with either INO1001 or Olaparib. B ) Scatter plot showing the percentage of PARP activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 7; Untr. rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 11; INO1001 rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 7; Olaparib rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 9. C) PAR staining (black) was performed in rd1*Cngb1 -/- and wt retinal explant cultures. D ) Untreated wt and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retina were compared to drug-treated retina as in A. Untr. wt : 9; Untr. rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 20; INO1001 rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 7; Olaparib rd1*Cngb1 -/- :14. Statistical testing: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test performed between rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Cultures were treated with 0.1 μM INO1001 (IC 50 : ≈ 3 nM [ , ], A20680; AdooQ, Irvine, USA), 5 μM JA2131 (IC 50 : 0.4 μM [ ], HY-137924; MedChemExpress, Sollentuna, Sweden), 50 μM 8-Br-ADPR (IC 50 : 5 μM [ ], No.: B 051; BIOLOG, Bremen, Germany), and 1 μM Olaparib (IC 50 : 5 nM [ ], T3015; TargetMol; Boston; USA) for monotherapies and 0.1 μM INO1001 and 5 μM JA2131 or 1 μM Olaparib and 5 μM JA2131 for combined therapies (The details of compounds were presented in ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Staining, Comparison

A ) Calpain activity assay (blue) was performed on wild-type ( wt ) and rd1 retinal explant cultures. ToPro (red) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) wt and rd1 retina were compared to retina treated with INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, and 8-Br-ADPR. Note the high number of cells displaying calpain activity in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). B ) Scatter plot showing percent calpain activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 18; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 8; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 6. C ) Immunostaining for activated calpain-2 (yellow) was performed using wild-type ( wt ) and rd1 retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to retina treated with INO1001, JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, or a combination of INO1001 and JA2131. D ) Scatter plot showing the percentage of ONL cells displaying calpain-2 activation. Untr. wt : n=6; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 10; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test; significance levels: ** = p < 0.01; **** = p < 0.0001; error bars represent SD; INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inherited retinal degenerations: PARP regulates calpain activation via TRPM2 channels in rd1 mouse photoreceptors

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.13.688383

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) Calpain activity assay (blue) was performed on wild-type ( wt ) and rd1 retinal explant cultures. ToPro (red) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) wt and rd1 retina were compared to retina treated with INO1001, JA2131, INO1001 combined with JA2131, and 8-Br-ADPR. Note the high number of cells displaying calpain activity in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). B ) Scatter plot showing percent calpain activity positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1 : 18; INO1001 rd1 : 8; JA2131 rd1 : 13; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 8; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 6. C ) Immunostaining for activated calpain-2 (yellow) was performed using wild-type ( wt ) and rd1 retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated wt and rd1 retina were compared to retina treated with INO1001, JA2131, 8-Br-ADPR, or a combination of INO1001 and JA2131. D ) Scatter plot showing the percentage of ONL cells displaying calpain-2 activation. Untr. wt : n=6; Untr. rd1 : 17; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 10; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test; significance levels: ** = p < 0.01; **** = p < 0.0001; error bars represent SD; INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Cultures were treated with 0.1 μM INO1001 (IC 50 : ≈ 3 nM [ , ], A20680; AdooQ, Irvine, USA), 5 μM JA2131 (IC 50 : 0.4 μM [ ], HY-137924; MedChemExpress, Sollentuna, Sweden), 50 μM 8-Br-ADPR (IC 50 : 5 μM [ ], No.: B 051; BIOLOG, Bremen, Germany), and 1 μM Olaparib (IC 50 : 5 nM [ ], T3015; TargetMol; Boston; USA) for monotherapies and 0.1 μM INO1001 and 5 μM JA2131 or 1 μM Olaparib and 5 μM JA2131 for combined therapies (The details of compounds were presented in ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Immunostaining, Activation Assay, Comparison

A ) Calpain activity assay (blue) was performed on wild-type ( wt ) and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retinal explant cultures. ToPro (red) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) wt and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retina were compared to retina treated with INO1001 and Olaparib. B ) Scatter plot showing percent calpain activity positive cells in the ONL. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 11; INO1001 rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 6; Olaparib rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 9. C ) Immunostaining for activated calpain-2 (yellow) was performed using wild-type ( wt ) and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated wt and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retina were compared to retina treated with INO1001 and Olaparib. D ) Scatter plot showing the percentage of ONL cells displaying calpain-2 activation. Untr. wt : 9; Untr. rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 18; INO1001 rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 7; Olaparib rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 10. Statistical testing: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test performed between rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inherited retinal degenerations: PARP regulates calpain activation via TRPM2 channels in rd1 mouse photoreceptors

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.13.688383

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) Calpain activity assay (blue) was performed on wild-type ( wt ) and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retinal explant cultures. ToPro (red) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated (Untr.) wt and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retina were compared to retina treated with INO1001 and Olaparib. B ) Scatter plot showing percent calpain activity positive cells in the ONL. Untr. wt : 8; Untr. rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 11; INO1001 rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 6; Olaparib rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 9. C ) Immunostaining for activated calpain-2 (yellow) was performed using wild-type ( wt ) and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated wt and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retina were compared to retina treated with INO1001 and Olaparib. D ) Scatter plot showing the percentage of ONL cells displaying calpain-2 activation. Untr. wt : 9; Untr. rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 18; INO1001 rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 7; Olaparib rd1*Cngb1 -/- : 10. Statistical testing: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test performed between rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Cultures were treated with 0.1 μM INO1001 (IC 50 : ≈ 3 nM [ , ], A20680; AdooQ, Irvine, USA), 5 μM JA2131 (IC 50 : 0.4 μM [ ], HY-137924; MedChemExpress, Sollentuna, Sweden), 50 μM 8-Br-ADPR (IC 50 : 5 μM [ ], No.: B 051; BIOLOG, Bremen, Germany), and 1 μM Olaparib (IC 50 : 5 nM [ ], T3015; TargetMol; Boston; USA) for monotherapies and 0.1 μM INO1001 and 5 μM JA2131 or 1 μM Olaparib and 5 μM JA2131 for combined therapies (The details of compounds were presented in ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Immunostaining, Activation Assay, Comparison

A) HDAC activity assay (white) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. Untreated rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001+JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. B ) Scatter plot showing percent displaying HDAC activity. Untr. wt : 11; Untr. rd1 : 15; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 10; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. C ) TUNEL assay labelling dying cells (magenta) in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated wt and rd1 retinas were compared to retinas treated with compounds as in A. Untr. wt : 16; Untr. rd1 : 29; INO1001 rd1 : 21; JA2131 rd1 : 23; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 18; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 18. D ) Scatter plot showing the percentage of TUNEL positive cells. Note the significant elevation of HDAC activity caused by INO1001 alone and the synergistic protective effect on TUNEL positive cells when INO1001 and JA2131 treatments were combined. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test; significance levels: ns = p > 0.05; **** = p < 0.0001; error bars represent SD; INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inherited retinal degenerations: PARP regulates calpain activation via TRPM2 channels in rd1 mouse photoreceptors

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.13.688383

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) HDAC activity assay (white) was performed in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. Untreated rd1 and wt retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with either INO1001, JA2131, INO1001+JA2131, or 8-Br-ADPR. B ) Scatter plot showing percent displaying HDAC activity. Untr. wt : 11; Untr. rd1 : 15; INO1001 rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 10; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 10; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 12. C ) TUNEL assay labelling dying cells (magenta) in rd1 and wt retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. Untreated wt and rd1 retinas were compared to retinas treated with compounds as in A. Untr. wt : 16; Untr. rd1 : 29; INO1001 rd1 : 21; JA2131 rd1 : 23; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 18; 8-Br-ADPR rd1 : 18. D ) Scatter plot showing the percentage of TUNEL positive cells. Note the significant elevation of HDAC activity caused by INO1001 alone and the synergistic protective effect on TUNEL positive cells when INO1001 and JA2131 treatments were combined. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test; significance levels: ns = p > 0.05; **** = p < 0.0001; error bars represent SD; INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer; scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Cultures were treated with 0.1 μM INO1001 (IC 50 : ≈ 3 nM [ , ], A20680; AdooQ, Irvine, USA), 5 μM JA2131 (IC 50 : 0.4 μM [ ], HY-137924; MedChemExpress, Sollentuna, Sweden), 50 μM 8-Br-ADPR (IC 50 : 5 μM [ ], No.: B 051; BIOLOG, Bremen, Germany), and 1 μM Olaparib (IC 50 : 5 nM [ ], T3015; TargetMol; Boston; USA) for monotherapies and 0.1 μM INO1001 and 5 μM JA2131 or 1 μM Olaparib and 5 μM JA2131 for combined therapies (The details of compounds were presented in ).

Techniques: HDAC Activity Assay, Activity Assay, TUNEL Assay, Comparison

A ) TUNEL assay labelling dying cells (magenta) in rd1 retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. rd1 untreated retina treated rd1 retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with INO1001, Olaparib, JA2131, INO1001+JA2131, and Olaparib+JA2131. Untr. rd1 : 29; INO1001 rd1 : 21; Olaparib rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 23; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 18; Olaparib+JA2131 rd1 : 8. B) Scatter plot showing percent displaying TUNEL positive cells. Note the synergistic effect of TUNEL positive cells triggered by INO1001+JA2131, but not by Olaparib+JA2131. Statistical testing: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test performed between rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inherited retinal degenerations: PARP regulates calpain activation via TRPM2 channels in rd1 mouse photoreceptors

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.13.688383

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) TUNEL assay labelling dying cells (magenta) in rd1 retinal explant cultures. DAPI (grey) was used as a nuclear counterstain. rd1 untreated retina treated rd1 retina were compared to rd1 retina treated with INO1001, Olaparib, JA2131, INO1001+JA2131, and Olaparib+JA2131. Untr. rd1 : 29; INO1001 rd1 : 21; Olaparib rd1 : 13; JA2131 rd1 : 23; INO1001+JA2131 rd1 : 18; Olaparib+JA2131 rd1 : 8. B) Scatter plot showing percent displaying TUNEL positive cells. Note the synergistic effect of TUNEL positive cells triggered by INO1001+JA2131, but not by Olaparib+JA2131. Statistical testing: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test performed between rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; *** = p < 0.001; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Cultures were treated with 0.1 μM INO1001 (IC 50 : ≈ 3 nM [ , ], A20680; AdooQ, Irvine, USA), 5 μM JA2131 (IC 50 : 0.4 μM [ ], HY-137924; MedChemExpress, Sollentuna, Sweden), 50 μM 8-Br-ADPR (IC 50 : 5 μM [ ], No.: B 051; BIOLOG, Bremen, Germany), and 1 μM Olaparib (IC 50 : 5 nM [ ], T3015; TargetMol; Boston; USA) for monotherapies and 0.1 μM INO1001 and 5 μM JA2131 or 1 μM Olaparib and 5 μM JA2131 for combined therapies (The details of compounds were presented in ).

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Comparison

A ) TUNEL positive cells (magenta) in wt and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retinal cultures. rd1 retina was left either untreated (Untr.) or treated with INO1001 or Olaparib. B ) Scatter plot showing percent displaying TUNEL positive cells. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test performed between rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inherited retinal degenerations: PARP regulates calpain activation via TRPM2 channels in rd1 mouse photoreceptors

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.13.688383

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) TUNEL positive cells (magenta) in wt and rd1*Cngb1 -/- retinal cultures. rd1 retina was left either untreated (Untr.) or treated with INO1001 or Olaparib. B ) Scatter plot showing percent displaying TUNEL positive cells. Statistical testing: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test performed between rd1 explant cultures. Error bars represent SD; ns = p > 0.05; **** = p < 0.0001. INL = inner nuclear layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Cultures were treated with 0.1 μM INO1001 (IC 50 : ≈ 3 nM [ , ], A20680; AdooQ, Irvine, USA), 5 μM JA2131 (IC 50 : 0.4 μM [ ], HY-137924; MedChemExpress, Sollentuna, Sweden), 50 μM 8-Br-ADPR (IC 50 : 5 μM [ ], No.: B 051; BIOLOG, Bremen, Germany), and 1 μM Olaparib (IC 50 : 5 nM [ ], T3015; TargetMol; Boston; USA) for monotherapies and 0.1 μM INO1001 and 5 μM JA2131 or 1 μM Olaparib and 5 μM JA2131 for combined therapies (The details of compounds were presented in ).

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Comparison