Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: STAT1 and m 6 A-mediated IL15RA upregulation promotes metastasis via ZEB1/NF-κΒ axis in ccRCC

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21947-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL15RA acts as a promising clinical biomarker for cancers. (A). The correlation between IL15RA expression and IL15, IL2, IL2RA, IL2RG. (B). Paired expression of IL15RA in 33 types of tumors. (C). Univariate Cox analysis of IL15RA and OS, DSS, DFI, PFI at pan-cancer level. (D). Kaplan-Meier analysis of the relationship between IL15RA expression and survival features of tumors in TCGA database, OS Survival Map. (E). OS KMplot analysis of BRCA, KIRP, LAML, LIHC, MESO, PAAD, SKCM, UVM. (F). RFS Survival Map. (G). Diagnosis analysis of IL15RA.ROC analysis of the relationship between IL15RA and clinical diagnosis of tumors in TCGA. IL15RA can better predict cancer diagnosis in KICH, KIRC, CHOL, HNSC, GBM, READ, STAD, and UCEC. (H). Analysis of the expression difference of the IL15RA gene in samples of different clinical stages in each tumor. (I). Analysis of the expression difference of the IL15RA gene in samples of different clinical grades in each tumor. (J). Analysis of the expression difference of the IL15RA gene in samples of different clinical T stages in each tumor. (K). Analysis of the expression difference of the IL15RA gene in samples of different clinical N stages in each tumor. (L). Analysis of the expression difference of the IL15RA gene in samples of different clinical M stages in each tumor. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For IL15RA silencing, cells were transfected with IL15RA Human shRNA Plasmid Kit (Locus ID 3601, OriGene, USA).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: STAT1 and m 6 A-mediated IL15RA upregulation promotes metastasis via ZEB1/NF-κΒ axis in ccRCC

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21947-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL15RA is associated with cancer-related pathways, biological processes and immunity potency. (A). Heatmap showing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to IL15RA based on GSEA Color ranging from blue to red represents the NES value. (B). Heatmap showing the biological processes related to IL15RA based on GSEA. Color ranging from blue to red represents the NES value. (C). Heatmap showing the correlation between IL15RA expression and 14 kinds of phenotypes based on the CancerSEA database. (D). Immune-related analysis of IL15RA at pan-cancer level. IL15RA expression with immunescore. (E). IL15RA expression with immuinhibitor. (F). IL15RA expression with immustimulator. (G). IL15RA expression with checkpoint. (H). IL15RA expression with chemokine. (I). IL15RA expression with immune-cells. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For IL15RA silencing, cells were transfected with IL15RA Human shRNA Plasmid Kit (Locus ID 3601, OriGene, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: STAT1 and m 6 A-mediated IL15RA upregulation promotes metastasis via ZEB1/NF-κΒ axis in ccRCC

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21947-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunotherapy prediction, mutation and other modification analysis of IL15RA. (A). Immunotherapy response of IL15RA in vivo tumor model in murine ICB therapy cohorts. (B). Immunotherapy response of IL15RA in vitro cell lines. (C). The association between IL15RA and IPS scores using the TCIA database. (D). Biomarker relevance of IL15RA compared to standardized biomarkers on tumor immune evasion in ICB therapy cohorts. (E). Mutation and other modification analysis of IL15RA.Genetic alteration frequency of IL15RA. (F). Correlation between methylation and IL15RA expression. (G). Expression correlation of DNA methyltransferase genes with IL15RA. (H). Correlation of CNV with IL15RA expression. (I). Correlation between mismatch repair genes and IL15RA expression. (J). Correlation analysis of IL15RA and m1A genes. (K). Correlation analysis of IL15RA and m6A genes. (L). Correlation analysis of IL15RA and m5C genes. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For IL15RA silencing, cells were transfected with IL15RA Human shRNA Plasmid Kit (Locus ID 3601, OriGene, USA).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Modification, In Vivo, In Vitro, Biomarker Discovery, Methylation, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: STAT1 and m 6 A-mediated IL15RA upregulation promotes metastasis via ZEB1/NF-κΒ axis in ccRCC

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21947-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression, prognosis and single-cell analysis of IL15RA in ccRCC. (A). IL15RA expression between normal and tumor in TCGA and GTEx datasets from GEPIA2. (B). OS analysis of IL15RA in KIRC in UALCAN. (C). OS analysis of IL15RA in KIRP in UALCAN. (D). Expression analysis of IL15RA between normal and tumor from GSE16441 , GSE16449 , GSE36895 , GSE66270 , GSE66271 , GSE66272 , GSE71963 and GSE76351 . (E). Single-cell analysis of IL15RA.Single-cell analysis of IL15RA in kidney cancer. (F-G). Single-cell analysis of IL15RA in ccRCC datasets GSE159115 . (H). Expression analysis of IL15RA in GSE159115 between normal and tumor tissues. (I). Expression analysis of IL15RA in GSE159115 between IL15RA- and IL15RA + cells. (J). GSEA analysis of IL15RA- and IL15RA + cells in GSE159115 based on different cell types. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01., *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For IL15RA silencing, cells were transfected with IL15RA Human shRNA Plasmid Kit (Locus ID 3601, OriGene, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Single-cell Analysis

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: STAT1 and m 6 A-mediated IL15RA upregulation promotes metastasis via ZEB1/NF-κΒ axis in ccRCC

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21947-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: The role of IL15RA in genetic and epigenetic regulation, cell migration of ccRCC. (A-B). Western blotting results of IL15RA in cell lines and quantification statistical bar graph. (C). Dual luciferase assay indicated that STAT1 modulates IL15RA transcription activity in ACHN cell line. (D). Overexpression of METTL3 upregulates IL15RA expression in OSRC-2 and ACHN cell lines. (E-F). qRT-PCR results of IL15RA mRNA in OSRC-2 and ACHN cell lines with METTL3 overexpression. (G-H). MeRIP-PCR results of IL15RA mRNA in OSRC-2 and ACHN cell lines with METTL3 overexpression. (I). SRAMP online tool predicted m 6 A binding sites. (J). Dual luciferase assay indicated that site 1219 is the m6A binding site of IL15RA mRNA that modulates IL15RA transcription activity in HEK 293 T cell line. (K). RNA decay assay results of IL15RA mRNA in ACHN cell line with METTL3 overexpression. (L-M). Wound closure test results of IL15RA overexpression and silencing in cell lines and quantification statistical bar graph. (N-O). Transwell migration assay results of IL15RA overexpression and silencing in cell lines and quantification statistical bar graph. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For IL15RA silencing, cells were transfected with IL15RA Human shRNA Plasmid Kit (Locus ID 3601, OriGene, USA).

Techniques: Migration, Western Blot, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Over Expression, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Binding Assay, Transwell Migration Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: STAT1 and m 6 A-mediated IL15RA upregulation promotes metastasis via ZEB1/NF-κΒ axis in ccRCC

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21947-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL15RA potentiates ccRCC Metastasis in vivo. (A). OSRC-2 cells with IL15RA overexpression or IL15RA knockdown. (B). Tumor grafts got in vivo. (C). The weight comparison of tumor grafts in B. (D). The tumor volumes measured each week for tumor proliferation. (E). Representative samples for metastasis comparison. (F). Comparison of metastatic foci by naked eye in different groups. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For IL15RA silencing, cells were transfected with IL15RA Human shRNA Plasmid Kit (Locus ID 3601, OriGene, USA).

Techniques: In Vivo, Over Expression, Knockdown, Comparison

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: STAT1 and m 6 A-mediated IL15RA upregulation promotes metastasis via ZEB1/NF-κΒ axis in ccRCC

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21947-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL15RA potentiates metastasis via NF-κΒ/ZEB1 Axis in ccRCC. (A). Western blotting result of p-p65 protein expression in IL15RA overexpression with or without JSH-23. (B). Quantification analysis of IL15RA protein expression in different groups of A. (C). Quantification analysis of p-p65 protein expression in different groups of A. (D). Western blotting result of p-p65 protein expression in IL15RA knockdown with or without NF-κΒ activator-1. (E). Quantification analysis of IL15RA protein expression in different groups of D. (F). Quantification analysis of p-p65 protein expression in different groups of D. (G). Expression of EMT associated genes in IL15RA overexpression condition in OSRC-2 and ACHN cell lines. (H). Vectors including possible binding sites of p-p65 for ZEB1 promoter region were constructed for dual luciferase assays. (I). Results of luciferase assay performed with ZEB1 full promoter region vector and JSH-23 or NF-κΒ activator-1 in both cell lines. (J). Results of luciferase assay performed with different ZEB1 promoter region vector and IL15RA overexpression in both cell lines. (K). The schematic map for IL15RA regulation in ccRCC. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For IL15RA silencing, cells were transfected with IL15RA Human shRNA Plasmid Kit (Locus ID 3601, OriGene, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Over Expression, Knockdown, Binding Assay, Construct, Luciferase, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: STAT1 and m 6 A-mediated IL15RA upregulation promotes metastasis via ZEB1/NF-κΒ axis in ccRCC

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21947-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug sensitivity analysis of the low-IL15RAand high-IL15RA groups in TCGA-KIRC. The drug sensitivity showed significant differences between the low-IL15RA and high-IL15RA groups for sunitinib, pyrimethamine, cisplatin, bosutinib, imatinib, cytarabine, paclitaxel gefitinib, lenalidomide.

Article Snippet: For IL15RA silencing, cells were transfected with IL15RA Human shRNA Plasmid Kit (Locus ID 3601, OriGene, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Femur length at different ages (n=4–6/timepoint); (B) representative rendered microCT scans of femur trabeculae from control and Il15ra−/− mice at 11 and 33 weeks of age; trabeculae number (C) and trabecular bone volume/total volume (Tb.BV/TV) ratio (D) (n=5). (E) Representative rendered microCT scans of femur cortical bone; cortical tissue mineral density (F), thickness (G) and area (H) (n=5). (I) Maximal load as calculated with 3-points bending analysis (n=5). G: effect of genotype; A: effect of age; I: interaction between genotype and age.

Article Snippet: MC3T3 cells were transfected with Il15ra shRNA vectors (OriGene) and differentiated for 5 days.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: μCT and 3-point bending test

Article Snippet: MC3T3 cells were transfected with Il15ra shRNA vectors (OriGene) and differentiated for 5 days.

Techniques:

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative double labeling (scalebar 40μm) of control and il15ra−/− femurs and Mineral Apposition Rate quantification for the cortical (B) and trabecular (C) regions (n=3). (D) Goldner’s trichromic of femur trabecular bone sections (scalebar 500μm) and quantification of osteoblast per bone surface (E) and osteoclast surface per bone surface (F) (n=3). (G) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of femur cortical bone (scalebar 50μm) and quantification of osteocytes/are (H) (n = 3). (I) TRAP staining of femur trabecular bone sections (scalebar 100μm) and quantification of osteoclast per bone surface (L) and osteoclast surface per bone surface (M) (n=3).

Article Snippet: MC3T3 cells were transfected with Il15ra shRNA vectors (OriGene) and differentiated for 5 days.

Techniques: Labeling, Control, Staining

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Venn diagram of genes with FDR<5% in the two datasets. (B) scatterplot representation of the 442 genes shared between the two datasets, with il15ra−/− vs Ctrl log2 fold changes on the y-axis and undifferentiated Vs T5-differentiated MC3T3 log2 fold changes on x-axis. The number of differentially expressed genes with fold change >1.5 or <−1.5 (red dots) is reported within brackets. (C, D, E, F) Heatmap representations of genes contained in each quadrant.

Article Snippet: MC3T3 cells were transfected with Il15ra shRNA vectors (OriGene) and differentiated for 5 days.

Techniques:

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) IL15RA protein levels after treatment with two different Il15ra shRNAs. (B) ALP and NTPPPH activity (indicative of ENPP1 activity) following Il15ra silencing. Data are shown as fraction of the activity of scramble-transfected cells (mean±SEM of three separate experiments).

Article Snippet: MC3T3 cells were transfected with Il15ra shRNA vectors (OriGene) and differentiated for 5 days.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Transfection

Journal: Immunology

Article Title: Interleukin-15 receptor α expression in inflammatory bowel disease patients before and after normalization of inflammation with infliximab.

doi: 10.1111/imm.12014

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Concentrations of soluble interleukin-15 receptor-a (sIL-15Ra) were measured by ELISA in serum of 14 healthy volunteers, 36 ulcera- tive colitis (UC) patients (R: n = 25 and NR: n = 11) (a) and 73 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients (R: n = 58 and NR: n = 15) (b) before and after infliximab (IFX) therapy.

Article Snippet: After a second washing step, sections were incubated with an anti-human IL-15Ra rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech Group, IL, USA, dilution 1 : 75) for 30 min at room temperature.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Immunology

Article Title: Interleukin-15 receptor α expression in inflammatory bowel disease patients before and after normalization of inflammation with infliximab.

doi: 10.1111/imm.12014

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Immunofluorescence staining of mucosal tissues. Staining of interleukin-15 receptor-a (IL-15Ra) (red, a) together with CD19 (green, b) show clear co-localization with yellow staining (c), whereas staining of IL-15Ra (red, d) together with CD38 (green, e) show distinct pattern of expression with almost no co-localization (f).

Article Snippet: After a second washing step, sections were incubated with an anti-human IL-15Ra rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech Group, IL, USA, dilution 1 : 75) for 30 min at room temperature.

Techniques: Staining, Expressing

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization.

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Absence of IL15RA preserves trabecular bone structure but decreases cortical bone quality. (A) Femur length at different ages (n = 4–6/timepoint); (B) representative rendered microCT scans of femur trabeculae from control and Il15ra−/−mice at 11 and 33 weeks of age; trabeculae number (C) and trabecular bone volume/total volume (Tb.BV/TV) ratio (D) (n = 5). (E) Representative rendered microCT scans of femur cortical bone; cortical tissue mineral density (F), thickness (G) and area (H) (n = 5). (I) Maximal load as calculated with 3-points bending analysis (n = 5). G: effect of genotype; A: effect of age; I: interaction between genotype and age.

Article Snippet: After SDS gel electrophoresis and western blotting, IL15RA was detected using a goat anti-IL15RA antibody (R&D clone af551) and a trueblot anti-goat secondary antibody (Rockland).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization.

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Lack of IL15RA associates with low mineral apposition rates, decreased osteoclast and osteocyte number. (A) Representative double labeling (scalebar 40 μm) of control and il15ra−/−femurs and Mineral Apposition Rate quantification for the cortical (B) and trabecular (C) regions (n = 3). (D) Goldner's trichromic of femur trabecular bone sections (scalebar 500 μm) and quantification of osteoblast per bone surface (E) and osteoclast surface per bone surface (F) (n = 3). (G) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of femur cortical bone (scalebar 50 μm) and quantification of osteocytes/are (H) (n = 3). (I) TRAP staining of femur trabecular bone sections (scalebar 100 μm) and quantification of osteoclast per bone surface (L) and osteoclast surface per bone surface (M) (n = 3).

Article Snippet: After SDS gel electrophoresis and western blotting, IL15RA was detected using a goat anti-IL15RA antibody (R&D clone af551) and a trueblot anti-goat secondary antibody (Rockland).

Techniques: Labeling, Control, Staining

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization.

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Il15ra−/−osteoblasts have defective mineralization and lower rankl/opg ratio. qPCR analysis of collagen 1a (A), osteocalcin (B) and alkaline phosphatase (C) at 0, 5 and 12 days of osteoblast differentiation (n = 7–5). (D) Alizarin mineralization assay and (E) quantification (n = 7–5). (F, G) Rankl/Opg mRNA ratio at 5 (C) and 12 (D) days of differentiation (n = 5).

Article Snippet: After SDS gel electrophoresis and western blotting, IL15RA was detected using a goat anti-IL15RA antibody (R&D clone af551) and a trueblot anti-goat secondary antibody (Rockland).

Techniques: Mineralization Assay

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization.

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Comparison with MC3T3 gene expression after 5 days of differentiation. (A) Venn diagram of genes with FDR b 5% in the two datasets. (B) scatterplot representation of the 442 genes shared between the two datasets, with il15ra−/−vs Ctrl log2 fold changes on the y-axis and undifferentiated vs T5-differentiated MC3T3 log2 fold changes on x-axis. The number of differentially expressed genes with fold change N1.5 or b−1.5 (red dots) is reported within brackets. (C, D, E, F) Heatmap representations of genes contained in each quadrant.

Article Snippet: After SDS gel electrophoresis and western blotting, IL15RA was detected using a goat anti-IL15RA antibody (R&D clone af551) and a trueblot anti-goat secondary antibody (Rockland).

Techniques: Comparison, Gene Expression

Journal: Bone

Article Title: IL15RA is required for osteoblast function and bone mineralization.

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Silencing Il15ra in MC3T3 decreases ENPP1 activity. (A) IL15RA protein levels after treatment with two different Il15ra shRNAs. (B) ALP and NTPPPH activity (indicative of ENPP1 activity) following Il15ra silencing. Data are shown as fraction of the activity of scramble-transfected cells (mean ± SEM of three separate experiments).

Article Snippet: After SDS gel electrophoresis and western blotting, IL15RA was detected using a goat anti-IL15RA antibody (R&D clone af551) and a trueblot anti-goat secondary antibody (Rockland).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Transfection

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: Monocyte/macrophage-derived interleukin-15 mediates the pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD226 + B cells in type 1 diabetes

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105946

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-15 promotes the generation and activation of CD226 + B cells. (a) Forecasting the regulator of the CD226 gene. (b) Representative flow cytometry plots and line charts of CD226 expression on B cells isolated from T1D patients following 48-h culture with either medium control, 20 ng/ml IL-21, 20 ng/ml IL-4, or 20 ng/ml IL-15R alpha & IL-15 (n = 6). One-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by adjustments was used for multiple comparisons. Lines connect the same sample. (c–f) Representative flow cytometry plots and line charts of CD69 (c), CD86 (d), TNF-α (e), and IL-6 (f) expression in CD226 + B cells from T1D patients after 48-h indicated stimulation (n = 6). One-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by adjustments was used for multiple comparisons. Lines connect the same sample. (g) The levels of IL-15 in the serum of HC and T1D patients (n = 8). Student’s t-test was used for comparing two groups. (h) The expression of IL-15R (CD122 and CD132) was compared between CD226 + B cells and CD226 − B cells in T1D patients (n = 10). Paired t-test was used for comparing two groups. (i) The expression of IL-15R (CD122 and CD132) was compared between HC and T1D patient B cells (n = 12). Student’s t-test was used for comparing two groups. ∗P < 0.05. ∗∗P < 0.01. Abbreviations: SSC-H, side scatter height; HC, healthy controls; T1D, type 1 diabetes.

Article Snippet: We stimulated NOD mouse splenic B cells with IL-15R alpha & IL-15 (20 ng/ml; MedChemExpress, Cat#HY- P78558 ) in vitro for 2 days.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Isolation, Control

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: Monocyte/macrophage-derived interleukin-15 mediates the pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD226 + B cells in type 1 diabetes

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105946

Figure Lengend Snippet: Monocyte/macrophage-derived IL-15 promotes the generation and activation of CD226 + B cells. (a) IL-15 expression in peripheral blood cell types. The relative expression of IL-15 across immune cell types was analysed using the publicly available dataset GEO: GSE107019 as referenced ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.041 ), and visualised in a bar chart. (b) IL-15 secretion of monocytes and CD8 + T cells in T1D patients and HC, as assessed by ELISA (n = 5). Student’s t-test was used for comparing two groups. (c) Representative flow cytometry plots and bar graphs of IL-15 expression in monocytes from T1D patients and HC (n = 7). Student’s t-test was used for comparing two groups. (d) Representative flow cytometry plots and bar graphs of IL-15 expression by macrophages in PLN from NOD mice and C57BL/6 mice (n = 6). Student’s t-test was used for comparing two groups. (e) Representative flow cytometry plots and line charts of CD226 expression on B cells isolated from T1D patients following 48-h culture with either medium control, 20 ng/ml IL-15R alpha & IL-15, 20 nM QNZ, or 20 ng/ml IL-15R alpha & IL-15 and 20 nM QNZ (n = 6). One-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by adjustments was used for multiple comparisons. Lines connect the same sample. (f and g) Representative flow cytometry plots and line charts of CD69 (f) and TNF-α (g) expression in CD226 + B cells from T1D patients after 48-h indicated stimulation (n = 6). One-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by adjustments was used for multiple comparisons. Lines connect the same sample. ∗P < 0.05. ∗∗P < 0.01. ∗∗∗P < 0.001. ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001. Abbreviations: HC, healthy controls; T1D, type 1 diabetes; SSC-H, side scatter height; NOD, non-obese diabetic.

Article Snippet: We stimulated NOD mouse splenic B cells with IL-15R alpha & IL-15 (20 ng/ml; MedChemExpress, Cat#HY- P78558 ) in vitro for 2 days.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Activation Assay, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Isolation, Control

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: Monocyte/macrophage-derived interleukin-15 mediates the pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD226 + B cells in type 1 diabetes

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105946

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blocking IL-15 signalling pathway prevents cyclophosphamide-accelerated diabetes in NOD mice. (a) Flowchart of in vivo anti-CD132 intervention in cyclophosphamide-accelerated NOD mice. (b) Survival curves of diabetes onset in the anti-CD132 group and isotype control group in cyclophosphamide-accelerated NOD mice (n = 5). Diabetes incidence was compared by the log-rank test for survival. (c) Blood glucose levels in the anti-CD132 group and isotype control group in cyclophosphamide-accelerated NOD mice (n = 5). Blood glucose levels were compared by two-way ANOVA. (d) Histopathological H&E staining images of pancreatic islets and insulitis scores from the anti-CD132 group and isotype control group in cyclophosphamide-accelerated NOD mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. Insulitis scores were compared by the chi-square test. (e) Flowchart of in vivo anti-IL-15 intervention in cyclophosphamide-accelerated NOD mice. (f) Survival curves of diabetes onset in the anti-IL-15 group and isotype control group in cyclophosphamide-accelerated NOD mice (n = 5). Diabetes incidence was compared by the log-rank test for survival. (g) Blood glucose levels in the anti-IL-15 group and isotype control group in cyclophosphamide-accelerated NOD mice (n = 5). Blood glucose levels were compared by two-way ANOVA. (h) Histopathological H&E staining images of pancreatic islets and insulitis scores from the anti-IL-15 group and isotype control group in cyclophosphamide-accelerated NOD mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. Insulitis scores were compared by the chi-square test. ∗P < 0.05. Abbreviations: NOD, non-obese diabetic; CYC, cyclophosphamide; i.p., intraperitoneally; H&E, haematoxylin and eosin.

Article Snippet: We stimulated NOD mouse splenic B cells with IL-15R alpha & IL-15 (20 ng/ml; MedChemExpress, Cat#HY- P78558 ) in vitro for 2 days.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, In Vivo, Control, Staining

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: Monocyte/macrophage-derived interleukin-15 mediates the pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD226 + B cells in type 1 diabetes

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105946

Figure Lengend Snippet: Working model of the monocyte/macrophage-IL-15-CD226 + B cell axis in the immunopathogenesis of T1D. There is increased secretion of IL-15 by monocytes or macrophages in T1D. IL-15 secreted by monocytes or macrophages binds to IL-15Rβ/γc on B cells. This further enhances the expression of CD226 on B cell surfaces and increases their pro-inflammatory cytokine production, activation, and proliferative capacity. The NF-κB signalling pathway promotes the generation and pro-inflammatory responses of CD226 + B cells. Targeting the IL-15-IL-15R signalling pathway reverses inflammatory phenotypes, mitigating disease severity, thereby representing a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing T1D. Abbreviations: T1D, type 1 diabetes; GLUT1, glucose transporter type 1.

Article Snippet: We stimulated NOD mouse splenic B cells with IL-15R alpha & IL-15 (20 ng/ml; MedChemExpress, Cat#HY- P78558 ) in vitro for 2 days.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay