Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Effect of Flavonoids on MCP-1 Expression in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells and Impact on MCP-1-Dependent Migration of Human Monocytes.

doi: 10.3390/ijms242216047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Effect of recombinant MCP-1 (A) and a neutralizing antibody (nab) directed against MCP-1 (B) on monocyte migration. Migration of THP-1 cells was determined with Boyden chamber assay toward increasing MCP-1 concentrations (A) or toward CM from HCAEC (B). In (A), medium containing recombinant MCP-1 added to the lower chamber was used to induce monocyte migration. In (B), CM from HCAEC previously treated with IL-1β or vehicle for 24 h was incubated with MCP-1 antibody (1 µg/mL) or the appropriate isotype control IgG2B (1 µg/mL) for 1 h after removal from the cells. Thereafter, migration of THP-1 monocytes toward CM was initiated. In both settings (A,B), migration was run for 6 h. Monocyte migration toward vehicle-containing medium (A) or toward CM of IL-1β-treated HCAEC containing IgG2B (B) were set to 100%. Data are presented as means ± SEM of n = 5–6 (A) or n = 6 (B) of three independent experiments each. ** p ≤0.01, *** p ≤0.001 vs. vehicle control; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test (A). *** p ≤0.001 vs. vehicle control (leftmost white bar); ### p ≤0.001 vs. IL-1β-stimulated cells; one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (B).

Article Snippet: IgG2B Isotype Control (#MAB004; RRID:AB_357346) and CCL2/JE/MCP-1 Antibody (#MAB679; RRID:AB_2071559) were obtained from R&D Systems (Wiesbaden, Germany).

Techniques: Recombinant, Migration, Boyden Chamber Assay, Incubation, Control

Journal: Cell Research

Article Title: Targeting ATAD3A-PINK1-mitophagy axis overcomes chemoimmunotherapy resistance by redirecting PD-L1 to mitochondria

doi: 10.1038/s41422-022-00766-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Left, immunostaining of PD-L1 (green) and TOM20-labeled mitochondria (red) in BT549 human TNBC cells with or without ATAD3A-knockdown (shATAD3A#1 and shATAD3A#2). Scale bars, 20 μm and 2 μm (inset). Right, the percentage of PD-L1 co-localized with TOM20 ( n = 5 fields, t -test). b Immunoblot of PD-L1 in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of control and ATAD3A-knockdown BT549 cells. TOM20 and Tubulin were used as mitochondria and cytoplasm protein controls, respectively. Cyto, cytoplasm; mito, mitochondria. c Flow cytometry (left) and quantification (right) of surface PD-L1 in control and ATAD3A-knockdown BT549 cells ( n = 3, one-way ANOVA). d Venn diagram depicting overlapped genes for the interaction protein of ATAD3A set (BioGRID, RP5-832C2.1), the protein localization to mitochondrion set (GOBP 0070585) and the intrinsic component of mitochondrial membrane (GOCC 0098573). e Immunoblot of PINK1 in control and ATAD3A-knockdown BT549 cells. f Immunoblot of PD-L1 and PINK1 in HEK293T cells overexpressing PD-L1 (OE-PD-L1) and control cells (OE-Control), assessed after immunoprecipitation with immunoglobulin G (IgG) or antibody to PINK1. g Protein direct interaction analysis of the intracellular domain of PD-L1 (ICD) and PINK1 in vitro. Purified Flag-labeled full-length PINK1 was incubated with Biotin-labeled PD-L1 ICD domain, followed by streptavidin pull-down and immunoblot. h Schematic diagram of Flag-labeled full-length (FL) and truncated mutants with indicated domains (amino acids 1–155, amino acids 156–320, amino acids 321–509, amino acids 510–581) of PINK1. MTS, mitochondrial targeting sequence; N-lobe, kinase domain N; C-lobe, kinase domain C; CTD, C-terminal domain. i Protein direct interaction analysis of the intracellular domain of PD-L1 (ICD) and truncated PINK1 mutants in vitro. Purified Flag-labeled full-length and truncated PINK1 were incubated with Biotin-labeled PD-L1 ICD domain, followed by streptavidin pull-down and immunoblot. The estimated size of PINK1-4 (amino acids 510–581) which did not express in HEK293T cells was labeled with asterisk. j Immunoblot of PD-L1 in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of MDA-MB-231 cells with or without PINK1-knockdown (shPINK1#1 and shPINK1#2). TOM20 and Tubulin were used as mitochondria and cytoplasm protein controls. Cyto, cytoplasm; mito, mitochondria. k Left, co-localization of PD-L1 (green) and TOM20 (red) in control, ATAD3A knockdown, PINK1 knockdown or ATAD3A and PINK1 double knockdown BT549 cells. Scale bars, 20 μm and 2 μm (inset). Right, the percentage of PD-L1 co-localized with TOM20 ( n = 5 fields, one-way ANOVA). l Immunoblot of PD-L1 in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of control, ATAD3A-knockdown, PINK1-knockdown or ATAD3A and PINK1 double knockdown BT549 cells. m Immunoblot of indicated proteins in PD-L1-transfected HEK293T cells with or without PINK1 overexpression. n Immunoblot of PD-L1 in control and PINK1-knockdown (shPINK1#1 and shPINK1#2) BT549 cells. o Immunoblot of PD-L1 in BT549 cells transfected with control shRNA or shATAD3A (shATAD3A#1 and shATAD3A#2). p Immunoblot of total PD-L1 in control, ATAD3A-knockdown, PINK1-knockdown or ATAD3A and PINK1 double knockdown BT549 cells. q Immunoblot of PD-L1 in control and ATAD3A-knockdown BT549 cells treated with 20 μM CHX for indicated times. h, hours. r Quantification of PD-L1 intensity in immunoblot in control and ATAD3A-knockdown BT549 cells. s Immunoblot of PD-L1 in control and ATAD3A-knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with 20 nM BafA1 for indicated times. h, hours. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments and are shown as means ± SD. See also Supplementary information, Figs. and .

Article Snippet: Mouse IgG2b (APC, clone MPC-11, BioLegend) and rat IgG2b (APC, clone RTK4530, BioLegend) were used as controls respectively.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Labeling, Knockdown, Western Blot, Control, Flow Cytometry, Membrane, Immunoprecipitation, In Vitro, Purification, Incubation, Sequencing, Transfection, Over Expression, shRNA

Journal: Cell Research

Article Title: Targeting ATAD3A-PINK1-mitophagy axis overcomes chemoimmunotherapy resistance by redirecting PD-L1 to mitochondria

doi: 10.1038/s41422-022-00766-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: a – h BALB/c mice were inoculated orthotopically with 5 × 10 4 4T1 cells transfected with control shRNA (shControl) or shRNA for Atad3a (shAtad3a#1 and shAtad3a#2). a , b The endpoint tumor images ( a ) and volume ( b ) of tumors formed by control and Atad3a-knockdown cells in BALB/c mice ( n = 6, one-way ANOVA). c Left, IHC staining of Atad3a and PD-L1 on serial sections of tumors formed by control and Atad3a-knockdown cells. Scale bars, 50 μm. Right, IHC score of Atad3a in control and Atad3a-knockdown tumors ( n = 6 fields, t -test). d IHC score of PD-L1 in control and Atad3a-knockdown tumors ( n = 6 fields, t -test). e Quantification of the percentage of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells in tumors formed by control and Atad3a-knockdown cells by flow cytometry ( n = 5, t -test). f Quantification of the percentages of tumor-infiltrating IFNγ + CD8 + T cells and IFNγ + CD4 + T cells by flow cytometry ( n = 5, t -test). g Ratio of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes to CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T reg cells ( n = 5, t -test). h Quantification of the percentages of PD-1 + TIM-3 + CD8 + T cells (left) and PD-1 + TIM-3 + CD4 + T cells (right) by flow cytometry ( n = 5, t -test). i – m BALB/c mice were inoculated orthotopically with 5 × 10 4 4T1 cells transfected with control shRNA (shControl) or shRNA specific for Atad3a (shAtad3a), Pink1 (shPink1) or both (shAtad3a + shPink1). i , Left, the endpoint images of tumors formed by control, Atad3a-knockdown, Pink1-knockdown or Atad3a and Pink1 double knockdown 4T1 cells in BALB/c mice. Right, immunoblot of Atad3a and Pink1 in these 4T1 cells. j The volume of tumors mentioned above ( n = 6, one-way ANOVA). k Quantification of the percentage of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells by flow cytometry ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA). l Quantification of the percentage of tumor-infiltrating IFNγ + CD8 + T cells by flow cytometry ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA). m Quantification of the percentage of PD-1 + TIM-3 + CD8 + T cells by flow cytometry ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA). n – s 4T1 tumors formed by control and Atad3a-knockdown cells were established orthotopically in BALB/c mice and received vehicle, anti-PD-L1 antibody (PD-L1 mAb), paclitaxel (PTX) or combined anti-PD-L1 antibody with paclitaxel treatment (PD-L1 mAb + PTX). IgG2b and saline were used as controls. n Experimental protocol. o , p The endpoint tumor images ( o ) and the volume ( p ) of tumors ( n = 6, one-way ANOVA). q – s Quantification of the percentages of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells ( q ), IFNγ + CD8 + T cells ( r ) and PD-1 + TIM-3 + CD8 + T cells ( s ) in 4T1 tumors formed by control and Atad3a-knockdown cells received treatments as described above, determined by flow cytometry ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA). t Schematic model. Patients with PD-L1-positive TNBC could be divided into two groups based on ATAD3A expression. Patients with ATAD3A-high tumors might respond more poorly to ICIs plus paclitaxel therapy, and inhibition of ATAD3A is required to improve clinical outcome. Patients with ATAD3A-low tumors might benefit significantly from ICIs plus paclitaxel combination therapy. See also Supplementary information, Figs. – .

Article Snippet: Mouse IgG2b (APC, clone MPC-11, BioLegend) and rat IgG2b (APC, clone RTK4530, BioLegend) were used as controls respectively.

Techniques: Transfection, Control, shRNA, Knockdown, Immunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Saline, Expressing, Inhibition