Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Characterization of Anti-Cancer Activities of Violacein: Actions on Tumor Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872223

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophage activation by violacein-killed tumor cell supernatant. HCT116, Huh7, and PANC-1 cells were treated with 50 µM violacein or oxaliplatin for 4 h before the media was changed. Then, 24 h after treatment, supernatants from untreated (co) and compound-treated cells were collected, and dead cells were removed. (A-C) RAW-Blue™, (D-F) THP1-XBlue™, (G, H) HEK-Blue™ hTLR4, and (J-L) HEK-Blue™ Null2 reporter cells were incubated with the respective dead tumor cell-conditioned medium (dTCM, 50% v/v) or LPS (100 ng/ml for RAW-Blue™ and 10 ng/ml for THP1X-Blue™, HEK-Blue™ hTLR4, and HEK-Blue™ Null2) for 24 h. The activation of the reporter cells was determined by colorimetric QUANTI-Blue™.

Article Snippet: HEK-BlueTM hTLR4 cells and HEK-BlueTM Null2 cells (In vivoGen) were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FCS (30 min at 56°C), 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine, 100 μg/ml Normocin, and 1x HEK-BlueTM Selection.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Incubation