Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genistein ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27783-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: GEN ameliorated body weight gain, glucose tolerance, and lipids profiles. ( A ) Body weight; ( B ) OGTT; ( C ) AUC; ( D ) Serum TC level; ( E ) Serum TG level; ( F ) Serum LDL-C level; ( G ) Serum HDL-C level; ( H ) Liver TC level; ( I ) Liver TG level. Values are mean ± SD ( n = 8). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 versus NOR group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus HFD group.

Article Snippet: After the acclimatization period of 7 days, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 mice per group (4 mice in each cage): normal diet (standard laboratory rodent diet) group (NOR), HFD (60% of energy from fat, Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China) group, HFD + 30 mg/kg GEN (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) group (LGE), HFD + 60 mg/kg GEN group (MGE), HFD + 120 mg/kg GEN group (HGE), HFD + 100 mg/kg simvastatin group (SIM).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genistein ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27783-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: GEN ameliorated liver function. ( A ) The B-mode liver and kidney photograph. To measure the average gray-level intensities for the hepatic and renal parenchyma, the areas of interest ROI-L and ROI-K (blue contour) were meticulously selected; ( B ) SHRI; ( C ) Serum ALT; ( D ) Serum AST. Values are mean ± SD ( n = 8). ** P < 0.01 versus NOR group; ## P < 0.01 versus HFD group.

Article Snippet: After the acclimatization period of 7 days, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 mice per group (4 mice in each cage): normal diet (standard laboratory rodent diet) group (NOR), HFD (60% of energy from fat, Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China) group, HFD + 30 mg/kg GEN (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) group (LGE), HFD + 60 mg/kg GEN group (MGE), HFD + 120 mg/kg GEN group (HGE), HFD + 100 mg/kg simvastatin group (SIM).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genistein ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27783-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: GEN ameliorated liver histopathological alterations. ( A ) H&E. Scale bar = 50 μm. ( B ) Steatosis score; ( C ) Lobular inflammation score; ( D ) Hepatocyte ballooning score; ( E ) NAFLD activity score. Values are mean ± SD ( n = 8). ** P < 0.01 versus NOR group; # P < 0.05 versus HFD group; ## P < 0.01 versus HFD group. ( F ) Oil red O. Scale bar = 20 μm.

Article Snippet: After the acclimatization period of 7 days, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 mice per group (4 mice in each cage): normal diet (standard laboratory rodent diet) group (NOR), HFD (60% of energy from fat, Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China) group, HFD + 30 mg/kg GEN (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) group (LGE), HFD + 60 mg/kg GEN group (MGE), HFD + 120 mg/kg GEN group (HGE), HFD + 100 mg/kg simvastatin group (SIM).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genistein ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27783-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: GEN ameliorated eWAT weight gain and histomorphologic changes. ( A ) eWAT weight. Values are mean ± SD ( n = 8). ** P < 0.01 versus NOR group; ## P < 0.01 versus HFD group. ( B ) The morphology of adipose tissue. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Article Snippet: After the acclimatization period of 7 days, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 mice per group (4 mice in each cage): normal diet (standard laboratory rodent diet) group (NOR), HFD (60% of energy from fat, Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China) group, HFD + 30 mg/kg GEN (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) group (LGE), HFD + 60 mg/kg GEN group (MGE), HFD + 120 mg/kg GEN group (HGE), HFD + 100 mg/kg simvastatin group (SIM).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genistein ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27783-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: GEN regulated macrophage polarization balance in liver tissue. ( A ) Western blot results of Arg1 and TNF-α; ( B ) Quantification of Arg1; ( C ) Quantification of TNF-α; ( D ) Western blot results of IL-10 and iNOS; ( E ) Quantification of IL-10; ( F ) Quantification of iNOS; Full-length blots are included in the Supplementary Information document. Values are mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01 versus NOR group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus HFD group.

Article Snippet: After the acclimatization period of 7 days, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 mice per group (4 mice in each cage): normal diet (standard laboratory rodent diet) group (NOR), HFD (60% of energy from fat, Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China) group, HFD + 30 mg/kg GEN (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) group (LGE), HFD + 60 mg/kg GEN group (MGE), HFD + 120 mg/kg GEN group (HGE), HFD + 100 mg/kg simvastatin group (SIM).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genistein ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27783-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GEN on colonic histomorphologic changes, serum LPS and colonic mucosa barrier junction. ( A ) H&E; ( B ) LPS; ( C ) IHC staining for Claudin-1; ( D ) IHC staining for Occludin. Values are mean ± SD ( n = 8). ** P < 0.01 versus NOR group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus HFD group. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Article Snippet: After the acclimatization period of 7 days, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 mice per group (4 mice in each cage): normal diet (standard laboratory rodent diet) group (NOR), HFD (60% of energy from fat, Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China) group, HFD + 30 mg/kg GEN (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) group (LGE), HFD + 60 mg/kg GEN group (MGE), HFD + 120 mg/kg GEN group (HGE), HFD + 100 mg/kg simvastatin group (SIM).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genistein ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27783-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GEN on the alpha and beta diversity and the relative abundance of gut microbiota. ( A ) Chao1; ( B ) Shannon; ( C ) observed-OTUS; ( D ) PCoA; ( E ) the Venn diagram of NOR-vs-HFD-vs-HGE; ( F ) The abundance of gut micro-biota at the phylum level; ( G ) Firmicutes; ( H ) Proteobacteria; ( I ) Bacteroidota. Values are mean ± SD ( n = 5), ** P < 0.01 versus NOR group; ## P < 0.01 versus HFD group.

Article Snippet: After the acclimatization period of 7 days, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 mice per group (4 mice in each cage): normal diet (standard laboratory rodent diet) group (NOR), HFD (60% of energy from fat, Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China) group, HFD + 30 mg/kg GEN (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) group (LGE), HFD + 60 mg/kg GEN group (MGE), HFD + 120 mg/kg GEN group (HGE), HFD + 100 mg/kg simvastatin group (SIM).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genistein ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27783-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GEN on the abundance of gut microbiota at the genus level. ( A ) The genus heatmap of gut microbiota; ( B ) Ruminococcus ; ( C ) Allobaculum ; ( D ) Helicobacter; ( E ) Lactobacillus ; ( F ) Muribaculum ; ( G ) Muribaculum-unclassified . Values are mean ± SD ( n = 5). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 versus NOR group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus HFD group.

Article Snippet: After the acclimatization period of 7 days, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 mice per group (4 mice in each cage): normal diet (standard laboratory rodent diet) group (NOR), HFD (60% of energy from fat, Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China) group, HFD + 30 mg/kg GEN (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) group (LGE), HFD + 60 mg/kg GEN group (MGE), HFD + 120 mg/kg GEN group (HGE), HFD + 100 mg/kg simvastatin group (SIM).

Techniques:

Journal: Current opinion in behavioral sciences

Article Title: Early life exposure to obesogenic diets and learning and memory dysfunction

doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of perinatal obesogenic diet consumption on hippocampal-dependent learning and memory Only articles containing hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks were included. M: male, F: female, SD: Sprague Dawley, RD: Research Diets, PND: post-natal day, MWM: Morris Water Maze, HFD: high-fat diet, TFD: trans-fat diet, CD: control diet, TBI: traumatic brain injury

Article Snippet: Tozuka et al., 2010 [ 21 ] , M C57BL/6N mice , HFD Clea Japan (57% kcal from fat) vs CE-2 Clea Japan chow (control) , Gestation-lactation d16 , Behavioral testing at PND 28 and PND 77 , Barnes Maze , Impaired spatial learning in adolescent but not adult mice..

Techniques: Control, Fat

Journal: Current opinion in behavioral sciences

Article Title: Early life exposure to obesogenic diets and learning and memory dysfunction

doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of juvenile/adolescent obesogenic diet consumption on hippocampal-dependent learning and memory Only articles containing hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks were included. M: male, F: female, SD: Sprague Dawley, RD: Research Diets, PND: post-natal day, MWM: Morris Water Maze, HFD: high-fat diet, TFD: trans-fat diet, CD: control diet, HFCS-55: High Fructose Corn Syrup 55, SFA: high saturated fatty acid diet.

Article Snippet: Tozuka et al., 2010 [ 21 ] , M C57BL/6N mice , HFD Clea Japan (57% kcal from fat) vs CE-2 Clea Japan chow (control) , Gestation-lactation d16 , Behavioral testing at PND 28 and PND 77 , Barnes Maze , Impaired spatial learning in adolescent but not adult mice..

Techniques: Control, Western Blot