Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: Biological and molecular characterisation of in vitro selected miltefosine-resistant Leishmania amazonensis lines

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2025.100617

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug susceptibilities of L. amazonensis wild type (LaWT) and miltefosine-resistant (LaR-40) promastigote lines. Promastigotes of LaWT and La40-R (Lines 1 and 2) were treated for 72 h with MTF (a), pentamidine isethionate (PMD) (b), ketoconazole (KTZ) (c), and amphotericin B (AMB) (d). The results in panel (a) are from triplicates of one representative experiment, while panels (b–d) are from two independent experiments. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance between groups was determined using a Student's t-test ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Miltefosine (MTF) (molecular weight: 407.6 g/mol) was obtained from Gold Biotechnology (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Praziquantel–lipid nanocapsules: an oral nanotherapeutic with potential Schistosoma mansoni tegumental targeting

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S167285

Figure Lengend Snippet: Release of PZQ from PZQ–LNC and PZQ–OA–MFS–LNC formulations containing 5 or 25 mg/mL of PZQ in comparison to PZQ in PBS (pH 7.4) at 37°C. Note: Data represent mean ± SD (n=3). Abbreviations: LNC, lipid nanocapsules; MFS, miltefosine; OA, oleic acid; PZQ, praziquantel.

Article Snippet: Miltefosine (MFS) (1-hexadecylphosphocholine) was obtained from Chem-Impex International (New York, NY, USA).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Praziquantel–lipid nanocapsules: an oral nanotherapeutic with potential Schistosoma mansoni tegumental targeting

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S167285

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathological study of H&E-stained liver sections of different groups of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni . Notes: Infected untreated group showing: ( A ) multiple granulomas of variable sizes and shapes with preserved hepatic architecture (×100); ( B ) cellular granuloma composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes, epithelioid cells, and eosinophil cells, surrounding the bilharzial egg (×400); ( C ) Kupffer cell hyperplasia and bilharzial pigment (×400); ( D ) fatty changes in hepatocytes (×400); ( E ) hepatic sinusoids with lymphocytic infiltration (×400); and ( F ) infected PZQ suspension-treated mice (×100); ( G ) infected PZQ–LNC-25-treated mice (×100), and ( H ) infected PZQ–OA–MFS–LNC-25-treated mice (×100) showing small cellular granulomas with mild amelioration of liver pathology. Abbreviations: LNC, lipid nanocapsules; MFS, miltefosine; OA, oleic acid; PZQ, praziquantel.

Article Snippet: Miltefosine (MFS) (1-hexadecylphosphocholine) was obtained from Chem-Impex International (New York, NY, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Infection, Suspension

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Praziquantel–lipid nanocapsules: an oral nanotherapeutic with potential Schistosoma mansoni tegumental targeting

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S167285

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEM images of male worms recovered from the hepatic and mesenteric veins of mice of the four study groups. Notes: SEM of a male Schistosoma mansoni worm recovered from infected untreated mice (Group 1) showing ( A ) normal OS and VS (×1,000), ( B ) dorsal tegument surface with uniform size, regularly distributed T, and visible S (×5,000), and ( C ) apically situated S (×15,000); infected PZQ suspension-treated mice (Group 2) showing ( A ) distorted OS (×3,500), ( B ) flattening of some T with loss of S (×5,000), and ( C ) distorted S (×15,000); infected PZQ–LNC-25-treated mice (Group 3) showing ( A ) distorted OS (×3,500), ( B ) severe tegumental damage with erosion of the surface and appearance of subtegumental tissue (×5,000), and ( C ) distorted S (×15,000); and infected PZQ–OA–MFS–LNC-25-treated mice (Group 4) showing ( A ) distorted OS (×1,500), ( B ) severe tegumental damage with erosion of the surface and appearance of subtegumental tissue (×5,000), and ( C ) distorted S (×15,000). Abbreviations: LNC, lipid nanocapsules; MFS, miltefosine; OA, oleic acid; OS, oral sucker; PZQ, praziquantel; S, spines; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; T, tubercles; VS, ventral sucker.

Article Snippet: Miltefosine (MFS) (1-hexadecylphosphocholine) was obtained from Chem-Impex International (New York, NY, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Suspension, Electron Microscopy

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Praziquantel–lipid nanocapsules: an oral nanotherapeutic with potential Schistosoma mansoni tegumental targeting

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S167285

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean plasma levels of PZQ following oral administration of 250 mg/kg dose of PZQ as suspension and LNC formulations to rats (n=5). Note: Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Abbreviations: LNC, lipid nanocapsules; MFS, miltefosine; OA, oleic acid; PZQ, praziquantel.

Article Snippet: Miltefosine (MFS) (1-hexadecylphosphocholine) was obtained from Chem-Impex International (New York, NY, USA).

Techniques: Suspension

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Praziquantel–lipid nanocapsules: an oral nanotherapeutic with potential Schistosoma mansoni tegumental targeting

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S167285

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic effect of PZQ-loaded LNCs in comparison to PZQ solution on PBMCs using MTT assay and expressed as IC 50 values after 24 h of incubation. Abbreviations: LNCs, lipid nanocapsules; MFS, miltefosine; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethiazol-zyl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; OA, oleic acid; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PZQ, praziquantel.

Article Snippet: Miltefosine (MFS) (1-hexadecylphosphocholine) was obtained from Chem-Impex International (New York, NY, USA).

Techniques: Comparison, MTT Assay, Incubation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Praziquantel–lipid nanocapsules: an oral nanotherapeutic with potential Schistosoma mansoni tegumental targeting

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S167285

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEM of a male Schistosoma mansoni worm (×35,000) recovered from a mouse treated with ( A ) PZQ suspension, ( B ) PZQ–LNC-25 or ( C ) PZQ–OA–MFS–LNC-25 showing nanostructures of similar size to LNCs in between spines and on damaged schistosomal surface (indicated by arrows), only in worms recovered from mice treated with PZQ–LNC formulations ( B and C ). Abbreviations: LNCs, lipid nanocapsules; MFS, miltefosine; OA, oleic acid; PZQ, praziquantel; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Article Snippet: Miltefosine (MFS) (1-hexadecylphosphocholine) was obtained from Chem-Impex International (New York, NY, USA).

Techniques: Suspension, Electron Microscopy