Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of IgY Antibodies Targeting the Full-Length Spike Protein in an Animal Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

doi: 10.3390/ph14060511

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Viral titers in lung homogenates of MERS-CoV infected mice at 1-, 3-, and 5-days after inoculation ( n = 4 per group). Mice were treated with anti-S IgY antibodies or adjuvant only. The detection limit was 10^1.5 TCID 50 /g of tissue. ( B ) Body weight changes between mice with anti-S IgY antibodies and the adjuvant-only controls after MERS-CoV infection. ( C – F ) Histopathology of the lungs from human dipeptidyl peptidase 4-transgenic mice on day 8 after infection with MERS-CoV. ( C ) Representative histopathological findings of mice with highest cellular infiltration in the alveoli, identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Massive mononuclear cell infiltrations, including macrophages and lymphocytes with regenerated type II pneumocytes, were observed in the control group (right column) but slightly less in the group treated with anti-S IgY (left column). Scale bars: 200 μm (upper row) and 20 μm (lower row). Al, alveoli; Br, bronchi; V, vessel. ( D ) Quantification of inflammation areas. Pulmonary lesion areas were determined based on the mean percentage of affected areas in each section of the collected lobes from six animals. Circles indicate averages from three observation lobes in each mouse ( p = 0.041 by Mann-Whitney test). ( E ) Detection of viral antigen in the lung tissues of mice, determined by immunohistochemistry. Antigen-positive cells were observed less frequently in the lungs of the group treated with anti-S-IgY, compared to the adjuvant-only controls. Scale bars: 20 μm. ( F ) Numbers of viral-antigen-positive cells in the alveoli from six mice. Circles indicate averages of five observation fields in each mouse ( p = 0.258 by Mann-Whitney test). The asterisk indicates statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Briefly, transgenic (Tg) mice on a C57BL/6NCr (SLC, Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan) background were developed to express human CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4), a functional receptor for MERS-CoV under the control of an endogenous hDPP4 promoter.

Techniques: Infection, Adjuvant, Histopathology, Transgenic Assay, Staining, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of IgY Antibodies Targeting the Full-Length Spike Protein in an Animal Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

doi: 10.3390/ph14060511

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Viral titers in lung homogenates of MERS-CoV infected mice at 1-, 3-, and 5-days after inoculation ( n = 4 per group). Mice were treated with anti-S IgY antibodies or adjuvant only. The detection limit was 10^1.5 TCID 50 /g of tissue. ( B ) Body weight changes between mice with anti-S IgY antibodies and the adjuvant-only controls after MERS-CoV infection. ( C – F ) Histopathology of the lungs from human dipeptidyl peptidase 4-transgenic mice on day 8 after infection with MERS-CoV. ( C ) Representative histopathological findings of mice with highest cellular infiltration in the alveoli, identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Massive mononuclear cell infiltrations, including macrophages and lymphocytes with regenerated type II pneumocytes, were observed in the control group (right column) but slightly less in the group treated with anti-S IgY (left column). Scale bars: 200 μm (upper row) and 20 μm (lower row). Al, alveoli; Br, bronchi; V, vessel. ( D ) Quantification of inflammation areas. Pulmonary lesion areas were determined based on the mean percentage of affected areas in each section of the collected lobes from six animals. Circles indicate averages from three observation lobes in each mouse ( p = 0.041 by Mann-Whitney test). ( E ) Detection of viral antigen in the lung tissues of mice, determined by immunohistochemistry. Antigen-positive cells were observed less frequently in the lungs of the group treated with anti-S-IgY, compared to the adjuvant-only controls. Scale bars: 20 μm. ( F ) Numbers of viral-antigen-positive cells in the alveoli from six mice. Circles indicate averages of five observation fields in each mouse ( p = 0.258 by Mann-Whitney test). The asterisk indicates statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Briefly, transgenic (Tg) mice on a C57BL/6NCr (SLC, Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan) background were developed to express human CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4), a functional receptor for MERS-CoV under the control of an endogenous hDPP4 promoter.

Techniques: Infection, Adjuvant, Histopathology, Transgenic Assay, Staining, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Immunohistochemistry