Journal: Neurobiology of aging

Article Title: GSPE interferes with tau aggregation in vivo : implication for treating tauopathy

doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Body weight in untreated (n=9) and GSPE-treated (n=7) JNPL3 mice following 6 months of treatment. Arrow indicates the initiation of GSPE treatment in JNPL3mice at approximately 9 months of age. Mean values ± SEM. One-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups. (B) Wire hang test assessed in untreated (n=9) and 6-months GSPE treated (n=7) animals at 15 months of age. Results presented as scatter plots and means. GSPE-treatment improved the test scores from 6 sec to 26 sec at p= 0.0368 using one-tailed Mann Whitney t-test for non-parametric data distribution.

Article Snippet: Composition of GSPE GSPE was obtained from Polyphenolics Inc. (Madera, CA).

Techniques: One-tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Neurobiology of aging

Article Title: GSPE interferes with tau aggregation in vivo : implication for treating tauopathy

doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Quantitative analysis of samples from Sarcosyl-soluble and Sarcosyl-insoluble fractions examined by western blotting using HT7, PHF-1 and pSer214tau antibodies. Inset: representative western blotting images. Results presented as scatter plots and means (n=5). **P<0.01 for HT7, PHF-1 and pSer214 or NS (P>0.05) using Student's t-test. (B) Immunogold electron microscopy of sarcosyl-insoluble fractions using 10-nm immunogold labeling with HT7, PHF-1, AT100, pSer214 tau and AT8 antibodies. Note well-defined PHF-like fibrils in untreated JNPL3 mice and smaller tau aggregates in GSPE treated mice. Scale bar = 100 nm.

Article Snippet: Composition of GSPE GSPE was obtained from Polyphenolics Inc. (Madera, CA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Electron Microscopy, Labeling

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Grape seed proanthocyanidins improve lymphatic drainage and blood perfusion in secondary lymphedema models

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1553090

Figure Lengend Snippet: The tail diameter ratio of the control and medication group during the follow-up period, and photos of tails in the 8th week. From the 1st week, daily injections of saline (control group) and GSPE solution (medication group) were administered for 2 weeks. Significance was assessed by using Student’s t-test with p-value. Adjusted significance levels are denoted as p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.005 (***), and p < 0.001 (****).

Article Snippet: In the experimental group (medication group), GSPE compound powder (HL189) provided by Hanlim Pharmaceutical company in the Republic of Korea was mixed in saline and administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg, adjusted to each animal’s weight, with a total volume of 1 ml per injection.

Techniques: Control, Saline

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12597-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biometric, plasma parameters and energy intake of dams fed with chow and supplemented with vehicle or GSPE during lactation.

Article Snippet: The gross composition of the GSPE extract was also analyzed by a reference analytical laboratory (Agrolab Ibérica S.L.U., Tarragona, Spain).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12597-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Respiratory quotient (RQ) ( A ), fat oxidation ( B ) carbohydrate oxidation ( C ) and energy expenditure (EE) ( D ) of dams that were fed with STD and supplemented with either GSPE (100 mg.kg −1 .day −1 ) (GSPE group) or vehicle (VEH group) during lactation. For indirect calorimetric measurements, at day 19 of lactation, the rats received the corresponding treatment at 09:00 am. Four hours after (at 01.00 pm) the nursing rats were separated from their pups and were transferred from their cages to an acrylic box with free access to water but no access to food. After an initial acclimatisation period of 1 hour, the indirect calorimetric analyses were carried out for 3 hours (from 02:00 pm to 5:00 pm). The mRNA levels of genes involved in adiponectin metabolism in OWAT ( E ), mammary gland ( F ) and liver ( H ) as well as the concentration of lipids in the mammary gland ( G ) are also depicted. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 8–9). *Effect of GSPE treatment (Student’s t test, p < 0.05). Acc1 , acetyl CoA carboxylase 1; Adipoq , adiponectin; Adipor1 , adiponectin receptor 1; Adipor2 , adiponectin receptor 2; Atgl , adipose triglyceride lipase; Cd36 , fatty acid translocase, homologue of CD36; Cpt1α , carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 alpha; Dgat1 , diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1; DsbA-L , disulfide-bond-A oxidoreductase-like protein; Ero1-Lα , endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-like protein alpha; Fas , fatty acid synthase; Gpat , glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; Had , hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; Hsl , hormone-sensitive lipase; Pparα , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.

Article Snippet: The gross composition of the GSPE extract was also analyzed by a reference analytical laboratory (Agrolab Ibérica S.L.U., Tarragona, Spain).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12597-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: The evolution of body weight ( A ) and the cumulative energy intake ( B ) in male offspring of rats supplemented with GSPE or vehicle during lactation. Body weight was recorded twice weekly and energy intake was documented every 10 days. Both parameters were analysed by a repeated measures (RM-) ANOVA with time as a within-subject factor and diet (STD or CAF) and metabolic programming effect (vehicle or GSPE) as between-subject factors. When the interaction between diet and time was statistically significant according to RM-ANOVA, another RM-ANOVA was also used to analyse the effects of time and metabolic programming within the STD and the CAF groups. When a significant interaction between metabolic programming effect and time was found within the STD groups under the RM-ANOVA, Student’s t test was used to compute pairwise comparisons between these groups. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 10–13). t : effect of time; D: effect of the type of diet; D x t : the interaction between diet and time; P : metabolic programming effect of GSPE; txP : the interaction between time and metabolic programming effect of GSPE (p < 0.05, RM-ANOVA). The arrow indicates the day from which significant differences in body weight between the CAF and STD groups were found, i.e., the effect of diet type (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). *Metabolic programming effect of GSPE within STD groups (Student’s t test, p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The gross composition of the GSPE extract was also analyzed by a reference analytical laboratory (Agrolab Ibérica S.L.U., Tarragona, Spain).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12597-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Circulating levels of glucose ( A ) and insulin ( B ) after an OGTT (2 g of glucose kg −1 of body weight) performed on postnatal day 80 in male offspring of rats supplemented with GSPE or vehicle during lactation. The plasma levels of glucose ( C ) and insulin ( D ), as well the HOMA-IR ( E ) and the R-QUICKI ( F ) indexes obtained at the end point are also depicted. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 10–13). The evolution of the circulating levels of glucose during the OGTT was analysed by a repeated measures (RM-) ANOVA with time as a within-subject factor and diet (STD or CAF) and metabolic programming effect (vehicle or GSPE) as between-subject factors. At each study point, differences among groups for these parameters were assessed using a two-way ANOVA analysis (2 × 2 factorial designs: diet (STD or CAF) × metabolic programming effect (vehicle or GSPE)). When the interaction between diet and metabolic programming effect was statistically significant according to two-way ANOVA, Student’s t test was used to compute pairwise comparisons between groups (i.e., the effect of metabolic programming effect within diet groups and the effect of diet within VEH and GSPE groups). Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in the circulating levels of insulin at each point of the OGTT and in the serum levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and R-QUICKI at the end point. D : effect of the type of diet; t : effect of time; P : metabolic programming effect of GSPE (repeated measures ANOVA or two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). $ The effect of diet within vehicle groups; * metabolic programming effect of GSPE within STD groups (Student’s t test, p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The gross composition of the GSPE extract was also analyzed by a reference analytical laboratory (Agrolab Ibérica S.L.U., Tarragona, Spain).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12597-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma levels of total adiponectin ( A ), HMW-adiponectin ( B ), plasma adiponectin/WAT weight ratio ( C ) and adiponectin content in EWAT and IWAT depots ( D ) in male offspring of rats supplemented with GSPE or vehicle during lactation. The mRNA levels of genes involved in adiponectin metabolism in IWAT, soleus muscle and liver ( G ) as well as the protein levels of T-cadherin in gastrocnemius ( G ) muscle ( E ) and p-AMPK in soleus (S) muscle ( F ) are also depicted. The ratio of total adiponectin/g WAT was calculated by dividing the circulating levels of total adiponectin by the sum of the WAT depot weights (EWAT, mesenteric white adipose tissue –MWAT-, RWAT and IWAT). Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 10–13) for the total plasma adiponectin, adiponectin/WAT weight ratio and adiponectin content in white adipose tissue depots and the mean ± SEM (n = 8) for the other analyses. Two-way ANOVA analysis (2 × 2 factorial designs: diet (STD or CAF) × metabolic programming effect (vehicle or GSPE) was used to evaluate differences in these parameters. D : effect of the type of diet; P : metabolic programming effect of GSPE (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Adipoq , adiponectin; Adipor1 , adiponectin receptor 1; Adipor2 , adiponectin receptor 2; DsbA-L , disulfide-bond-A oxidoreductase-like protein; Ero1-Lα , endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-like protein alpha; EWAT: epididymal white adipose tissue; HMW-adiponectin: high-molecular weight adiponectin; IWAT: inguinal white adipose tissue; p-AMPK, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase; T-CADH: T-cadherin.

Article Snippet: The gross composition of the GSPE extract was also analyzed by a reference analytical laboratory (Agrolab Ibérica S.L.U., Tarragona, Spain).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, High Molecular Weight

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12597-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biometric and plasma parameters in 90-day-old male offspring of rats supplemented with GSPE or vehicle during lactation.

Article Snippet: The gross composition of the GSPE extract was also analyzed by a reference analytical laboratory (Agrolab Ibérica S.L.U., Tarragona, Spain).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12597-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Respiratory quotient (RQ) ( A ), energy expenditure (EE) ( B ), carbohydrate oxidation ( C ), fat oxidation ( D ), spontaneous locomotor activity ( E ) and number of rearings ( F ) in male offspring of rats supplemented with GSPE or vehicle during lactation. Indirect calorimetric measurements were performed at day 83–84 of age with free access to water, in ad libitum conditions and during 20 hours (from 12.00 pm to 08.00 am) after allowed to become acclimated to the acrylic cages for 3.5 hours (from 08:30 am to 12:00 pm). Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 10–13). Two-way ANOVA analysis (2 × 2 factorial designs: diet (STD or CAF) × metabolic programming effect (vehicle or GSPE) was used to evaluate differences in these parameters. D : effect of the type of diet; P : metabolic programming effect of GSPE (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The gross composition of the GSPE extract was also analyzed by a reference analytical laboratory (Agrolab Ibérica S.L.U., Tarragona, Spain).

Techniques: Activity Assay