Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Glucose, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism and L-Theanine in the Metabolism-Regulatory Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate

doi: 10.3390/nu13114120

Figure Lengend Snippet: LTA cooperated with EGCG to promote glycogen synthesis. Blood glucose ( A ), hepatic glycogen ( B ), and muscle glycogen ( C ) contents in different groups. Activities of liver GPa ( D ), PFK ( E ), and PEPCK ( F ) among the three groups. Relative protein expression of PFKL ( G ) and phosphorylation level of GYS2 ( H ) and GSK-3β ( I ) in rat livers ( J ). Values are expressed as the mean ± SE. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. ns: no significant difference.

Article Snippet: Secondary antibody for horseradish peroxidase (HRP, goat anti-rabbit) and primary antibodies against β-actin, GYS2, p-GSK-3β, GSK-3β, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), ACC1, FA synthase (FAS), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), ribosomal protein S6 (S6), mammalian rapamycin (mTOR), LKB1, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate3-kinase (PI3K), activated protein kinase B (AKT), and insulin receptor (INSR) were purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: High-fat diet mouse model receiving L-glucose supplementations propagates liver injury

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1469952

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose flux balance regulation and hepatic survival: (A) phosphor-glycogen synthase (p-GYS2) to Glycogen degradation (PYGL) ratio was assessed by western blot. A decrease in the ratio indicates a decrease in glycogen degradation. (B) Hepatic phosphorylated Akt was quantitated through western blot analysis. Paired and unpaired Student’s t -test and ANOVA were used for statistically significant differences. The p value was compared between the RD and HFD control groups or within the RD or HFD groups. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-Human/Mouse GYS2 (Proteintech, 22371-1-AP), Rabbit anti-Human/Mouse Glycogen synthase [p Ser641] (Novus bio, NBP2-67315), rabbit anti-human/mouse PYGL antibody (Proteintech, 15851-1-AP), rabbit anti-human/mouse Glut2 polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, 20436-1-AP), rabbit anti-human/mouse ADRP/Perilipin 2 Polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, 15294-1-AP), rabbit anti-human/mouse Alpha Smooth Muscle antibody (Novus, NBP1-30894), mice anti-human/mouse AKT antibody (R&D, MAB 2055), mice anti-human/mouse phospho-AKT antibody (R&D, MAB 887), rabbit anti-human/mouse Insulin Receptor-beta antibody (Proteintech, 20433-1-AP), and rabbit anti-human/mouse beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, 20536-1-AP).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control

Journal: Human molecular genetics

Article Title: Generation of a novel mouse model that recapitulates early and adult onset glycogenosis type IV.

doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr371

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Lack of GBE does not affect embryonic development. (A) Embryos at E17.5. Gbe12/2, Gbe1+/2 and Gbe1+/+, indicated by 2/2, +/2 and +/+. Note no evidence of hydrops fetalis. (B) Stillborn Gbe12/2 and Gbe1+/+ neo- nates from the same litter are shown after being genotyped and fixed in 10% for- malin. (C) Western blot analysis of GBE and GYS1 in muscle extracts obtained from Gbe12/2. Gbe1+/2 and Gbe1+/+ embryos shown in (A). (D) Western blot analysis of GBE in adult muscle and liver tissue of Gbe1+/+, Gbe1+/Neo and Gbe1neo/neo. (E) Kaplan–Meier plot illustrates the incidence of death in Gbe1neo/neo versus Gbe1+/+ mice. P , 0.0001, n ¼ 17.

Article Snippet: Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and incubated with monoclonal antibodies raised against human GBE and GYS1 (Origene, Rockville, MD, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Cell metabolism

Article Title: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is a nonenzymatic safety valve that curtails AKT activation to prevent insulin hyperresponsiveness

doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.021

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal anti-P-GYS2 , Cell Signaling , Cat# 47043; RRID:AB_2799317.

Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Extraction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, ATP Assay, Colorimetric Assay, Activity Assay, Glucose Assay, In Situ, cDNA Synthesis, Recombinant, Sequencing, Construct, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Screening of key genes related to disulfidptosis in psoriasis based on the analysis of WGCNA

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-28457-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: A-F:Box plot of target gene expression differences.The p values of all genes were less than 0.05, but the expression levels of SLC7A11 ( A ), S100A12 ( B ), GYS1 ( C ) and FRK ( D ) genes in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group; and the expression levels of MYH10 ( E ) and HECW2 ( F ) genes in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used included GYS1 polyclonal antibody (1:100, Cat. 10,566–1-AP, Proteintech), S100A12 polyclonal antibody (1:100, Cat. 16,630–1-AP, Proteintech), and SLC7A11 polyclonal antibody (1:200, Cat. 26,864–1-AP, Proteintech).

Techniques: Targeted Gene Expression, Expressing, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Screening of key genes related to disulfidptosis in psoriasis based on the analysis of WGCNA

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-28457-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: F:Gene ROC curve. SLC7A11 ( A ) and S100A12 ( B ) are potential ideal biomarkers, followed by GYS1 ( C ) and FRK ( D ), and MYH10 ( E ) and HECW2 ( F ) can be used as complementary indicators.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used included GYS1 polyclonal antibody (1:100, Cat. 10,566–1-AP, Proteintech), S100A12 polyclonal antibody (1:100, Cat. 16,630–1-AP, Proteintech), and SLC7A11 polyclonal antibody (1:200, Cat. 26,864–1-AP, Proteintech).

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Ginsenoside Rf improves glucose metabolism via the IRS/PI3K/Akt and PPARα/PGC1α signaling pathways in insulin-resistant AML12 cells

doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05091-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of ginsenoside Rf (G-Rf) on Akt/GSK-3β signaling in insulin-resistant (IR) AML12 cells. AML12 cells were cultured under IR conditions as described in the Materials and Methods section. A The protein expression levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt, Ser473), total Akt (t-Akt), phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β, Ser9), total GSK-3β (t-GSK-3β), phosphorylated GYS (p-GYS, Ser641), total GYS (t-GYS), and GAPDH were analyzed by Western blot analysis. B , C and D Quantification of the relative protein expression levels of p-Akt (Ser473)/t-Akt, p-GSK-3β/t-GSK-3β, and p-GYS/t-GYS, presented as bar graphs. E The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of Gys2 were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. F Representative images of PAS staining. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( n ≥ 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences ( p < 0.05)

Article Snippet: Antibodies against phospho-IRS-1 (Ser1101) (#2385, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), IRS-1 (#sc-8038, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), PI3K p110α (#4249, Cell Signaling), phospho-Akt (Ser473) (#4060, Cell Signaling), Akt (#9272, Cell Signaling), phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (#5558, Cell Signaling), GSK-3β (#12456, Cell Signaling), phospho-GYS (Ser641) (#3891, Cell Signaling), GYS (#sc-81173, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC1α, #66369-1-Ig, Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα, #ab3484, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), α/β-tubulin (#2148, Cell Signaling), and GAPDH (#2118, Cell Signaling) were used for Western blot analysis.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Expressing, Western Blot, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staining, Standard Deviation