Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) This diagram depicts the dual‐targeting strategy of biHSNPs in facilitating tumor cell elimination. Each biHSNP features two functional arms: one specifically binds to a tumor‐associated antigen on lymphoma cells (CD19/CD20), while the other engages and activates immune effector cells (CD3/CD16). By bridging tumor cells and immune cells, this approach enhances immune‐mediated tumor cell lysis, leveraging the immune system's inherent ability to identify and eliminate abnormal cells for precise and efficient cancer cell killing. B) Schematic illustration of the T cell activation and tumor cell death mechanism mediated by biHSNPs.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Lysis, Activation Assay

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the chemical synthesis and characterization of antibody‐conjugated hollow silica nanoparticles. A) Synthetic pathway of PEGylated hollow silica nanoparticles. B) Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) characterization of HSNP@PEG (2). C) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) characterization of HSNP@PEG. D) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG. E) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 (3). F) Fluorescence spectrum of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 @FITC (9.62 µ m ), confirming successful FITC conjugation. G) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 @FITC (4). H–K) DLS and TEM results for monospecific nanoparticles (HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , HSNP αCD20 ). L–O) DLS and TEM results for bispecific nanoparticles (HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 ). All scale bars in the TEM images represent 100 nm. HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 and HSNP αCD20 : Monospecific HSNPs conjugated with a single type of antibody (anti‐CD3, anti‐CD16, anti‐CD19, or anti‐CD20, respectively). HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 and HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 : Bispecific HSNPs conjugated with two different types of antibodies (e.g., anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD19). Antibody types are indicated using lowercase Greek letters (e.g., αCD3).

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fluorescence, Conjugation Assay

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding specificity and cell–cell linkage induced by biHSNPs. Target cells were incubated with FITC‐labeled, antibody‐coated HSNPs at 4 °C for 30 min, followed by flow cytometry analysis to confirm binding specificity. A–C) Depict cell–cell linkage induced by biHSNPs: A) Schematic illustration of cell‐cell complex formation mediated by biHSNPs. B) Confocal microscopy images showing stable junctional complexes between immune effector cells and tumor cells facilitated by HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . C) Flow cytometry analysis of cell–cell complexes between pre‐stained Jurkat (green, CellTracker Green CMFDA) and Raji cells (red, CellTracker Red CMTPX), demonstrating effective linkage by biHSNPs. D) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD3 + cells using PBMCs as the CD3 + cell line. E) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD19 + /CD20 + cells using Raji cells as the target. F) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD16 + cells using PBMCs as the CD16 + cell line. G) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD19 + /CD20 + cells using Raji cells as the target.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Incubation, Labeling, Flow Cytometry, Confocal Microscopy, Staining

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Cytotoxicity and cytokine release assays of biHSNPs in luciferase‐transfected Raji cells. B) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD19 , and bispecific HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 . C) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD20 , and bispecific HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . D,E) Cytokine secretion levels (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α) for HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 ; and HSNP αCD20 and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . F) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , and bispecific HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 . G) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD20 , and bispecific HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . H,I) Cytokine secretion levels (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α) for HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD20 , and HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . J) Cytotoxicity of combined bispecific nanoparticle treatments: HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 with HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 with HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . K) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 combined with HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 combined with HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n ≥ 3), Statistical differences in B–I) were analyzed by One‐way ANOVA and K) were analyzed by Student's t‐test and the statistical significance is indicated as ** P ≤ 0.01 and *** P ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Luciferase, Transfection, In Vitro

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) This diagram depicts the dual‐targeting strategy of biHSNPs in facilitating tumor cell elimination. Each biHSNP features two functional arms: one specifically binds to a tumor‐associated antigen on lymphoma cells (CD19/CD20), while the other engages and activates immune effector cells (CD3/CD16). By bridging tumor cells and immune cells, this approach enhances immune‐mediated tumor cell lysis, leveraging the immune system's inherent ability to identify and eliminate abnormal cells for precise and efficient cancer cell killing. B) Schematic illustration of the T cell activation and tumor cell death mechanism mediated by biHSNPs.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Lysis, Activation Assay

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the chemical synthesis and characterization of antibody‐conjugated hollow silica nanoparticles. A) Synthetic pathway of PEGylated hollow silica nanoparticles. B) Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) characterization of HSNP@PEG (2). C) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) characterization of HSNP@PEG. D) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG. E) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 (3). F) Fluorescence spectrum of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 @FITC (9.62 µ m ), confirming successful FITC conjugation. G) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 @FITC (4). H–K) DLS and TEM results for monospecific nanoparticles (HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , HSNP αCD20 ). L–O) DLS and TEM results for bispecific nanoparticles (HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 ). All scale bars in the TEM images represent 100 nm. HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 and HSNP αCD20 : Monospecific HSNPs conjugated with a single type of antibody (anti‐CD3, anti‐CD16, anti‐CD19, or anti‐CD20, respectively). HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 and HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 : Bispecific HSNPs conjugated with two different types of antibodies (e.g., anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD19). Antibody types are indicated using lowercase Greek letters (e.g., αCD3).

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fluorescence, Conjugation Assay

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding specificity and cell–cell linkage induced by biHSNPs. Target cells were incubated with FITC‐labeled, antibody‐coated HSNPs at 4 °C for 30 min, followed by flow cytometry analysis to confirm binding specificity. A–C) Depict cell–cell linkage induced by biHSNPs: A) Schematic illustration of cell‐cell complex formation mediated by biHSNPs. B) Confocal microscopy images showing stable junctional complexes between immune effector cells and tumor cells facilitated by HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . C) Flow cytometry analysis of cell–cell complexes between pre‐stained Jurkat (green, CellTracker Green CMFDA) and Raji cells (red, CellTracker Red CMTPX), demonstrating effective linkage by biHSNPs. D) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD3 + cells using PBMCs as the CD3 + cell line. E) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD19 + /CD20 + cells using Raji cells as the target. F) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD16 + cells using PBMCs as the CD16 + cell line. G) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD19 + /CD20 + cells using Raji cells as the target.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Incubation, Labeling, Flow Cytometry, Confocal Microscopy, Staining

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Cytotoxicity and cytokine release assays of biHSNPs in luciferase‐transfected Raji cells. B) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD19 , and bispecific HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 . C) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD20 , and bispecific HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . D,E) Cytokine secretion levels (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α) for HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 ; and HSNP αCD20 and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . F) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , and bispecific HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 . G) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD20 , and bispecific HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . H,I) Cytokine secretion levels (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α) for HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD20 , and HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . J) Cytotoxicity of combined bispecific nanoparticle treatments: HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 with HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 with HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . K) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 combined with HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 combined with HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n ≥ 3), Statistical differences in B–I) were analyzed by One‐way ANOVA and K) were analyzed by Student's t‐test and the statistical significance is indicated as ** P ≤ 0.01 and *** P ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Luciferase, Transfection, In Vitro

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) This diagram depicts the dual‐targeting strategy of biHSNPs in facilitating tumor cell elimination. Each biHSNP features two functional arms: one specifically binds to a tumor‐associated antigen on lymphoma cells (CD19/CD20), while the other engages and activates immune effector cells (CD3/CD16). By bridging tumor cells and immune cells, this approach enhances immune‐mediated tumor cell lysis, leveraging the immune system's inherent ability to identify and eliminate abnormal cells for precise and efficient cancer cell killing. B) Schematic illustration of the T cell activation and tumor cell death mechanism mediated by biHSNPs.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Lysis, Activation Assay

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the chemical synthesis and characterization of antibody‐conjugated hollow silica nanoparticles. A) Synthetic pathway of PEGylated hollow silica nanoparticles. B) Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) characterization of HSNP@PEG (2). C) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) characterization of HSNP@PEG. D) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG. E) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 (3). F) Fluorescence spectrum of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 @FITC (9.62 µ m ), confirming successful FITC conjugation. G) DLS and TEM images of HSNP@PEG@NH 2 @FITC (4). H–K) DLS and TEM results for monospecific nanoparticles (HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , HSNP αCD20 ). L–O) DLS and TEM results for bispecific nanoparticles (HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 ). All scale bars in the TEM images represent 100 nm. HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 and HSNP αCD20 : Monospecific HSNPs conjugated with a single type of antibody (anti‐CD3, anti‐CD16, anti‐CD19, or anti‐CD20, respectively). HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 and HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 : Bispecific HSNPs conjugated with two different types of antibodies (e.g., anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD19). Antibody types are indicated using lowercase Greek letters (e.g., αCD3).

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fluorescence, Conjugation Assay

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding specificity and cell–cell linkage induced by biHSNPs. Target cells were incubated with FITC‐labeled, antibody‐coated HSNPs at 4 °C for 30 min, followed by flow cytometry analysis to confirm binding specificity. A–C) Depict cell–cell linkage induced by biHSNPs: A) Schematic illustration of cell‐cell complex formation mediated by biHSNPs. B) Confocal microscopy images showing stable junctional complexes between immune effector cells and tumor cells facilitated by HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . C) Flow cytometry analysis of cell–cell complexes between pre‐stained Jurkat (green, CellTracker Green CMFDA) and Raji cells (red, CellTracker Red CMTPX), demonstrating effective linkage by biHSNPs. D) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD3 + cells using PBMCs as the CD3 + cell line. E) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD19 + /CD20 + cells using Raji cells as the target. F) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD16 + cells using PBMCs as the CD16 + cell line. G) Verification of biHSNPs binding to CD19 + /CD20 + cells using Raji cells as the target.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Incubation, Labeling, Flow Cytometry, Confocal Microscopy, Staining

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Cytotoxicity and cytokine release assays of biHSNPs in luciferase‐transfected Raji cells. B) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD19 , and bispecific HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 . C) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD20 , and bispecific HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . D,E) Cytokine secretion levels (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α) for HSNP αCD3 , HSNP αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 ; and HSNP αCD20 and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 . F) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , and bispecific HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 . G) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP@PEG, HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD20 , and bispecific HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . H,I) Cytokine secretion levels (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α) for HSNP αCD16 , HSNP αCD19 , HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , HSNP αCD20 , and HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . J) Cytotoxicity of combined bispecific nanoparticle treatments: HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 with HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 with HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . K) In vitro cytotoxicity of HSNP αCD3 + αCD19 combined with HSNP αCD16 + αCD19 , and HSNP αCD3 + αCD20 combined with HSNP αCD16 + αCD20 . Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n ≥ 3), Statistical differences in B–I) were analyzed by One‐way ANOVA and K) were analyzed by Student's t‐test and the statistical significance is indicated as ** P ≤ 0.01 and *** P ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Luciferase, Transfection, In Vitro

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.202509103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enhanced T‐cell activation mediated by biHSNPs. A) Representative Quantitative analysis of CD19 + and CD8 + cell populations based on IHC. D,F) Representative immunofluorescence (IF) images showing the distribution of CD19 + Raji cells and CD8 + T cells. E–G) Quantitative analysis of CD19 + and CD8 + cells based on IF staining. H–J) Representative flow cytometry plots illustrating; I) Ki67 + expression in Raji cells and K) CD107a expression in CD8 + T cells across treatment groups. Statistical differences are analyzed by using One‐way ANOV and statistical significance is indicated as * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01 and **** P ≤ 0.0001.

Article Snippet: FITC anti‐human CD19 antibody[CB19] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1004C, species reactivity: human), FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody[BCA/B20] (Catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1045C, species reactivity: human) and FITC anti‐human CD3 antibody[OKT‐3] (catalog No.: E‐AB‐F1001C, species reactivity: human) were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (China, Wuhan).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO High Priority Pathogens—Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils: A Systematic Review

doi: 10.3390/ijms24119727

Figure Lengend Snippet: Studies assessing the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against methicillin resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant S. aureus (a non-exhaustive list).

Article Snippet: Marino A et al., 2020 , S. aureus ATCC 6538 S. aureus ATCC 43300 S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932 B. subtilis ATCC 6633 S. aureus 7786 MRSA ( S. aureus 815) S. aureus 74CCH-MRSA P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 Candida sp. , Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Reichenb. fil. Hydrolate alone or in association with tetracycline/itraconazole , Checkerboard method Broth microdilution Propidium iodide and MitoTracker staining , Spanish oregano (also known as Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. and Link) EO obtained from flowers was used. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared hydrolates (alone or in combination with tetracyline and itraconazole) was assessed. The hydrolate exhibited good antimicrobial activity, as well as a synergistic action (alteration of mitochondrial function) with itraconazole against C. krusei and an additive effect (alteration of membrane permeability) with tetracycline against MRSA strains. , [ ] .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition, Cytotoxicity Assay, Electron Microscopy, In Vitro, Dilution Assay, Preserving, Quantitative Proteomics, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Membrane, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Concentration Assay, Titration, Bacteria, Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Microdilution Assay, Produced, Modification, Clinical Proteomics, Blocking Assay, Staining, Cell Culture, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Crystal Violet Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, In Vivo, Liposomes, Time-Kill Assay, Formulation, MTT Assay, Incubation, Thin Layer Chromatography, Bioassay, Antibiofilm Assay, Resazurin Assay, Biofilm Production Assay, Control, Infection, Cream, Antioxidant Activity Assay, Permeability, Virus, Extraction, Isolation

Journal: Journal of Functional Foods

Article Title: Novel dandelion mannan-lipid nanoparticle: Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the potent anticancer effect against non-small lung carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry in A549 and H460 cells. A: Representative histogram of the G0/G1, S and G2/M phases of the gated cells for control, F4 (nTOPL) and CIS. B: The percentage of cell cycle distribution for A549 and H460 cells: At least 10,000 cells per sample were examined quantitatively for the distribution or proportion of the cells for each Sample. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for triplicates within an individual experiment. Statistical significance was performed using one-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05 vs Control, #p < 0.05 vs CIS.

Article Snippet: Currently, there is an increasing optimism of nanomedicine as it Abbreviations: A549 cell line, The human squamous cell lung cancer cell line; AO, acridine orange; ATCC, American type culture collection; Bax, BCL2-Associated X Protein; Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma protein 2; Beclin-1, BECN1 gene encoded protein; involved in autophagy, apoptosis and host defense; C13 NMR, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance; CIS, Cisplatin (positive control); CT, Understanding cycle threshold; DDS, drug-delivery systems; Delta Ct, corresponds to the difference between CtSOI and Ct of reference sequence (RS); EE, Entrapment efficiency; FT-IR analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, resting phase is a period in the cell cycle/the first growth period of the cell cycle during interphase; G2/M phase, The arrest in G2 is mediated by the inhibition of M-phase promoting factor (MPF); GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GC–MS, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; GMS, glyceryl monostearate; H460 cell line, large cell lung cancer cell line; HPGPC, high-performance gel permeation chromatography; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; Mn, The number average molecular weight; MTT assay, colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity; NFI, net fluorescent intensities; NSCLC, non-small lung cancer; nTOPL, nano- Taraxacum officinale polysaccharide; one-way ANOVA, Analysis of variance; PDI,PI, polydispersity index; qRT-PCR, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR; S-phase, synthesis phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles; TEM, Transmission electron microscopy; TOPL, Taraxacum officinale leaves derived polysaccharides; UV spectrum, Ultraviolet spectrum; WI-38 cell line, normal human lung cell line; ZP, zeta potential.

Techniques: Cell Cycle Assay, Flow Cytometry, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Journal of Functional Foods

Article Title: Novel dandelion mannan-lipid nanoparticle: Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the potent anticancer effect against non-small lung carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. An Annexin-V/PI stain for studying apoptosis by flow cytometry. A: Representative histogram of different cell populations; Viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cells for control, F4 (nTOPL) and CIS. B: The percent of cell population in A549 and H460 cells. The cell death mode was measured using at least 10,000 cells per sample. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for triplicates within an individual experiment. Statistical significance was performed using one-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05 vs Control, #p < 0.05 vs CIS.

Article Snippet: Currently, there is an increasing optimism of nanomedicine as it Abbreviations: A549 cell line, The human squamous cell lung cancer cell line; AO, acridine orange; ATCC, American type culture collection; Bax, BCL2-Associated X Protein; Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma protein 2; Beclin-1, BECN1 gene encoded protein; involved in autophagy, apoptosis and host defense; C13 NMR, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance; CIS, Cisplatin (positive control); CT, Understanding cycle threshold; DDS, drug-delivery systems; Delta Ct, corresponds to the difference between CtSOI and Ct of reference sequence (RS); EE, Entrapment efficiency; FT-IR analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, resting phase is a period in the cell cycle/the first growth period of the cell cycle during interphase; G2/M phase, The arrest in G2 is mediated by the inhibition of M-phase promoting factor (MPF); GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GC–MS, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; GMS, glyceryl monostearate; H460 cell line, large cell lung cancer cell line; HPGPC, high-performance gel permeation chromatography; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; Mn, The number average molecular weight; MTT assay, colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity; NFI, net fluorescent intensities; NSCLC, non-small lung cancer; nTOPL, nano- Taraxacum officinale polysaccharide; one-way ANOVA, Analysis of variance; PDI,PI, polydispersity index; qRT-PCR, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR; S-phase, synthesis phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles; TEM, Transmission electron microscopy; TOPL, Taraxacum officinale leaves derived polysaccharides; UV spectrum, Ultraviolet spectrum; WI-38 cell line, normal human lung cell line; ZP, zeta potential.

Techniques: Staining, Flow Cytometry, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Journal of Functional Foods

Article Title: Novel dandelion mannan-lipid nanoparticle: Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the potent anticancer effect against non-small lung carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Evaluation of Bax and Bcl2 expression upon F4 (nTOPL) treatment in A549 and H460 cells. A: The folds of Bax expression. B: The folds of Bcl2 expression. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for triplicates within an individual experiment. Statistical significance was performed using one-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05 vs Control, #p < 0.05 vs CIS.

Article Snippet: Currently, there is an increasing optimism of nanomedicine as it Abbreviations: A549 cell line, The human squamous cell lung cancer cell line; AO, acridine orange; ATCC, American type culture collection; Bax, BCL2-Associated X Protein; Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma protein 2; Beclin-1, BECN1 gene encoded protein; involved in autophagy, apoptosis and host defense; C13 NMR, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance; CIS, Cisplatin (positive control); CT, Understanding cycle threshold; DDS, drug-delivery systems; Delta Ct, corresponds to the difference between CtSOI and Ct of reference sequence (RS); EE, Entrapment efficiency; FT-IR analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, resting phase is a period in the cell cycle/the first growth period of the cell cycle during interphase; G2/M phase, The arrest in G2 is mediated by the inhibition of M-phase promoting factor (MPF); GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GC–MS, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; GMS, glyceryl monostearate; H460 cell line, large cell lung cancer cell line; HPGPC, high-performance gel permeation chromatography; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; Mn, The number average molecular weight; MTT assay, colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity; NFI, net fluorescent intensities; NSCLC, non-small lung cancer; nTOPL, nano- Taraxacum officinale polysaccharide; one-way ANOVA, Analysis of variance; PDI,PI, polydispersity index; qRT-PCR, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR; S-phase, synthesis phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles; TEM, Transmission electron microscopy; TOPL, Taraxacum officinale leaves derived polysaccharides; UV spectrum, Ultraviolet spectrum; WI-38 cell line, normal human lung cell line; ZP, zeta potential.

Techniques: Expressing, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Journal of Functional Foods

Article Title: Novel dandelion mannan-lipid nanoparticle: Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the potent anticancer effect against non-small lung carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104781

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Autophagic cell death evaluation. A: Representative histograms for quantifying autophagy by flow cytometry using AO stain. B: Folds of autophagy increase in relation to control in A549 and H460 cell-lines. C: The level of mRNA Beclin-1 expression in A549 and H460 cell lines. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for triplicates within an individual experiment. Statistical significance was performed using one-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05 vs Control, #p < 0.05 vs CIS.

Article Snippet: Currently, there is an increasing optimism of nanomedicine as it Abbreviations: A549 cell line, The human squamous cell lung cancer cell line; AO, acridine orange; ATCC, American type culture collection; Bax, BCL2-Associated X Protein; Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma protein 2; Beclin-1, BECN1 gene encoded protein; involved in autophagy, apoptosis and host defense; C13 NMR, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance; CIS, Cisplatin (positive control); CT, Understanding cycle threshold; DDS, drug-delivery systems; Delta Ct, corresponds to the difference between CtSOI and Ct of reference sequence (RS); EE, Entrapment efficiency; FT-IR analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, resting phase is a period in the cell cycle/the first growth period of the cell cycle during interphase; G2/M phase, The arrest in G2 is mediated by the inhibition of M-phase promoting factor (MPF); GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GC–MS, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; GMS, glyceryl monostearate; H460 cell line, large cell lung cancer cell line; HPGPC, high-performance gel permeation chromatography; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; Mn, The number average molecular weight; MTT assay, colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity; NFI, net fluorescent intensities; NSCLC, non-small lung cancer; nTOPL, nano- Taraxacum officinale polysaccharide; one-way ANOVA, Analysis of variance; PDI,PI, polydispersity index; qRT-PCR, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR; S-phase, synthesis phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles; TEM, Transmission electron microscopy; TOPL, Taraxacum officinale leaves derived polysaccharides; UV spectrum, Ultraviolet spectrum; WI-38 cell line, normal human lung cell line; ZP, zeta potential.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Control, Expressing, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Capsaicin-loaded-NLCs observed by TEM. ( B ) Size distribution of the capsaicin-loaded-NLCs. ( C ) Characterization of the capsaicin-loaded-NLCs. ( D ) FTIR profile for capsaicin-based formulations. ( E ) XRD profile for capsaicin-based formulations. ( F ) In vitro drug release profile of capsaicin-based formulations. The release medium used in vitro drug release study is 30 mL PBS (pH=7.4) contained 0.5% Tween 80. Data presented here is the mean ± SD (n=3). Abbreviations: NLCs, nanolipoidal carriers; PDI, polydispersity index; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; XRD, X-ray diffraction; PBS, phosphate buffer saline; SD, standard deviation; GMS, Glycerol monostearate; T%, transmittance%.

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques: In Vitro, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Saline, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxicity of capsaicin-loaded-NLCs. ( A ) Relative cell viability of HaCaT cells and HSF cells on incubation with different concentrations of capsaicin-loaded-NLCs after 24 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n=6). ( B ) Quantitative analysis of relative cell viability of HaCaT cells and HSF cells using flow cytometry. Data represent mean ± SD (n=3). ( C ) Apoptosis experiments of capsaicin-loaded-NLCs in HaCaT cells and HSF cells. (I) Relative cell viability rate of HaCaT cells. (II) Relative cell viability rate of HSF cells. In MTT assay, all the cells were incubated with different concentrations of capsaicin-loaded-NLCs for 24 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n=6). In Apoptosis experiments, all the cells were incubated with different concentrations of capsaicin-loaded-NLCs for 24 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n=3). Abbreviations: HSF, human skin fibroblast; PI, propidium iodide; NLCs, nanolipoidal carriers; SD, standard deviation; HaCaT, human immortal keratinocyte line; FL, fluorescence.

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques: Incubation, Flow Cytometry, MTT Assay, Standard Deviation, Fluorescence

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) In vitro drug permeation profile of capsaicin-based formulations. ( B ) In vitro skin retention profiles of capsaicin-based formulations. The In vitro drug permeation study and the skin retention study were performed using Franz diffusion cells with Sprague Dawley rat dorsal skin for 24 h. The data represent % dose permeated from capsaicin-based formulations. Data presented here is the mean ± SD (n=6); *significant capsaicin-based formulations against capsaicin-Cream, ** P <0.01; # significant capsaicin-based formulations against capsaicin-Solution, ## P <0.01. Abbreviations: NLCs, nanolipoidal carriers; SD, standard deviation; SC, stratum corneum; Epi, epidermis.

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques: In Vitro, Diffusion-based Assay, Cream, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percutaneous permeation coefficient of capsaicin release from the capsaicin-based formulations

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques: Cream

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A – C ) CLSM images of Dio-based formulations. The skin imaging study was performed using Franz diffusion cells with Sprague Dawley rat dorsal skin for 24 h. The surplus drug was wiped off by cotton and the skin was directly observed under CLSM. Furtherly, vertical skin sections of Dio-based different formulations were observed for skin associated fluorescence. Notes: ( A ) White triangles indicate the Dio solution can penetrate up to a skin depth of 150 μm. ( B ) White triangles indicate the Dio-NLCs gel can deliver Dio up to 210 μm. ( C ) White triangles indicate the Dio-NLCs solution can deliver Dio up to 260 μm. Abbreviations: Dio, 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate; NLCs, nanolipoidal carriers; SD, standard deviation; CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscope.

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques: Imaging, Diffusion-based Assay, Fluorescence, Standard Deviation, Laser-Scanning Microscopy

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The analgesic effect of capsaicin on the pain which is induced by hot-plate. ( B ) The volume of the inflammatory action induced hind paw edema in rats after different treatments at different times. ( C ) The PGE2 levels in the homogenates of the inflammatory injury paws of rats. The hot-plate test were conducted after 14 days of administration. Data presented here is the mean ± SD (n=8). *significant pain threshold after administration against basal pain threshold, P <0.05. In anti-inflammation study, data presented here is the mean ± SD (n=10); *significant other formulations against control, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01. In PGE2 level determination, it was determined after 24 h treatment by different formulations. Data presented here is the mean ± SD (n=10); *significant other formulations against the Blank group, * P <0.05; ** P <0.01. Abbreviations: NLCs, nanolipoidal carriers; CAP, capsaicin; SD, standard deviation; PGE2, prostaglandin E2.

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques: Hot Plate Test, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: HE staining of the dorsal skin of rabbits treated with different capsaicin-based formulations and different concentrations. Abbreviations: HE, hematoxylin and eosin; NLCs, nanolipoidal carriers; CAP, capsaicin.

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: Score for skin irritation study on normal rabbit skin calculated after 3 days of administration and 3 days of observation

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131901

Figure Lengend Snippet: Score for skin irritation study on injured rabbit skin calculated after 3 days of administration and 3 days of observation

Article Snippet: Particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs were analyzed by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments Inc., Malvern, UK).

Techniques: