flx Search Results


95
Eppendorf AG magnum flx magnet adapter
Magnum Flx Magnet Adapter, supplied by Eppendorf AG, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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95
Chem Impex International sodium fluoride
Sodium Fluoride, supplied by Chem Impex International, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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86
Boston Scientific Corporation device
Device, supplied by Boston Scientific Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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90
Voigt Global Distribution fluoxetine hydrochloride usp flx
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride Usp Flx, supplied by Voigt Global Distribution, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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90
KLA Tencor laser reflection type warp measuring machine flx-2320-s
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
Laser Reflection Type Warp Measuring Machine Flx 2320 S, supplied by KLA Tencor, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
laser reflection type warp measuring machine flx-2320-s - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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90
GATC Biotech gs-flx system
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
Gs Flx System, supplied by GATC Biotech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/flx/gs+flx/10__1128_slash_aac__01068___10-53-11-13
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
gs-flx system - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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90
MOgene Inc 454 gs flx sequencer
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
454 Gs Flx Sequencer, supplied by MOgene Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
454 gs flx sequencer - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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90
Alpaqua Engineering magnum flx universal magnet
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
Magnum Flx Universal Magnet, supplied by Alpaqua Engineering, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/flx/magnum+flx+magnet/pmc09719149-92-11-10
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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90
GATC Biotech 454 flx genome sequencer
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
454 Flx Genome Sequencer, supplied by GATC Biotech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/flx/flx+genome+sequencer+titanium+chemistry/pmc07143418-73-5-14
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
454 flx genome sequencer - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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90
Inqaba biotec gs flx sequencing
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
Gs Flx Sequencing, supplied by Inqaba biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/flx/gs+flx+sequencing/10__1128_slash_jvi__00841___11-77-10-14
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
gs flx sequencing - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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90
Vilber Lourmat fluo_link
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
Fluo Link, supplied by Vilber Lourmat, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/flx/fluo+link+flx/pm24178005-111-30-33
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
fluo_link - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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90
Thermage Inc thermage mrf
WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to <t>fluoxetine</t> the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.
Thermage Mrf, supplied by Thermage Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Image Search Results


WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to fluoxetine the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.

Journal: Nature medicine

Article Title: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors act centrally to cause bone loss in mice by counteracting a local antiresorptive effect

doi: 10.1038/nm.4166

Figure Lengend Snippet: WT females treated for 6 w with vehicle (veh), Flx, Prop or a combination of both drugs (Flx/Prop). ( a ) Vertebrae analysis, with representative images ( n = 4 images/mouse; scale bars, 400 μm) and quantification of BV/TV (veh n = 8, Flx, Prop and Flx/Prop n = 9) (top) and bone histomorphometric analyses ( n = 6 or 8) (bottom). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( b ) Plasma concentration of OCN. ( c ) Urine concentration of Dpd crosslinks. Cr, creatinine. ( d ) Analysis of femurs by microcomputed tomography. Tb.N, trabecular number. Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing. BMD, bone mineral density (veh and Prop n = 10, Flx and Flx/Prop n = 9). Scale bars, 400 μm. ( e ) Tnfrsf11b and Tnfsf11 expression and Tnfrsf11b / Tnfsf11 ratio in long bones. ( f ) Urine E and ( g ) NE concentration. ( h ) Marble burying test. Values are mean ± SEM. In all panels, ( † ) represents Flx vs. Flx/Prop groups, (*) represents veh vs. Flx groups. † /* P ≤ 0.05, †† /** P ≤ 0.01, †††† /**** P ≤ 0.0001 using Student’s tests. ( i ) Schematic diagram of Flx mechanism of action on bone remodeling. Flx directly acts on osteoclasts to limit the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of the c-Fos-Nfatc1 cascade causing a decrease in bone resorption ➀, independently of 5HTT. Also, through its inhibition of serotonin reuptake by 5HTT, Flx increases brain serotonin post-synaptic signaling causing the desensitization of Htr2c ➁. As a result, sympathetic output increases, bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Upon a short exposure to fluoxetine the direct effect ➀ is predominant causing an increase in bone mass by decreasing bone resorption. Following a longer treatment, direct ➀ and central ➁ effects counteract each other in term of bone resorption while bone formation decreases, causing bone loss. The deleterious central effect of fluoxetine ➁ on bone remodeling can be prevented by a co-treatment with propranolol, which blocks the increase in Adrb2 signaling in osteoblasts caused by the higher sympathetic tone.

Article Snippet: We added fluoxetine hydrochloride USP (Flx, 20mg/kg/day, Voigt Global Distribution Inc., Lawrence, Kansas) and propranolol (Prop, 0.5mg/day, Sigma, St. Louis, Missouri) aseptically to the drinking water of virgin female or male mice.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay, Tomography, Expressing, Activation Assay, Inhibition