Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Influence of iron binding in the structural stability and cellular internalization of bovine lactoferrin

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08087

Figure Lengend Snippet: Internalization of bLf in Vero cells. BLf in its apo (A) or holo (B) forms were conjugated to FITC and synchronously incubated with Vero cells for 0, 30 or 60 min. BLf internalization was observed by laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. The selected groups of cells are representative of their respective open fields. White bars: 20 μm.

Article Snippet: Apo- and holo-bLf were incubated with FITC (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) at a molar ratio of 1:10 in basic phosphate buffer (2.5% Na 2 HPO 4 .7H 2 O and 0.082% NaH 2 PO 4 at pH 8.0) for 1 h at 4 °C.

Techniques: Incubation, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: The European respiratory journal

Article Title: Classical protein kinase C and its hypoxic stimulus-induced translocation in the cat and rat carotid body.

doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.016003459.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. ± Confocal fluorescence microscopy of double immunolabelling of a section of a normoxic cat carotid body tissue stained with mouse anti- protein kinase C (PKC)c and rabbit anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The localization of PKCc is visualized in green with fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) (A), whereas that of TH in red with Texas red-labelled antirabbit IgG (B). An overlapping image is shown in C; the yellow spots indicate colocalization of the two fluorescent probes. The near-perfect colocalization identifies the PKCc as being in the chemoreceptor cell. (Internal scale bars=10 mm.)

Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence staining, sections were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG; dilution 1:200; Jackson Immunoresearch West Grove, PA, USA) for 1 h. To confirm the chemoreceptor cell localization of the PKC antigens, other sections were double-labelled by simultaneous incubation with a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; dilution 1:500; Chemicon International, Inc., Temecula, CA, USA) and visualization with Texas red-labelled antirabbit IgG (dilution 1:200; Jackson Immunoresearch).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Staining

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Baculovirus PTP2 Functions as a Pro-Apoptotic Protein

doi: 10.3390/v10040181

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transient expression of the Spodoptera exigua protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SePTP2) induced mild apoptosis in Sf21 cells. ( A ) Overview of the expression cassette in the pIB-DEST vector: egfp and the gene of interest were separated by the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A region and expression of the cassette was driven by the OpIE2 promoter; ( B ) EGFP expression in Sf21 cells at 48 h post-transfection (hpt) with pIB-EGFP + ActD (ActD + EGFP), pIB-EGFP (EGFP), pIB-SePTP2 (SePTP2), or pIB-SePTP2mut (SePTP2mut), respectively. Apoptotic bodies are indicated by white circles and arrows, scale bar = 200 µm; ( C ) caspase activity levels in Sf21 cells transfected with pIB-EGFP + ActD (ActD + EGFP), pIB-SePTP2 (SePTP2), pIB-SePTP2mut (SePTP2mut), pIB-AcPTP (AcPTP), pIB-EGFP (EGFP), pIB-DESTmod (DESTmod) and mock. Caspase 3/7 activity in transfected Sf21 cells was measured as relative luminescent units (RLUs) at 48 hpt, relative to a blank containing cell medium. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Treatment groups marked with a different letter (a, b, c or d) are significantly different .

Article Snippet: Next, 5 µL of Annexin V-EGFP (Annexin V-EGFP Apoptosis Detection Kit, BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA) was added to stain any apoptotic cells, while Hoechst dye was added at a concentration of 10 µM to stain the nuclei of all cells.

Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Activity Assay

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Baculovirus PTP2 Functions as a Pro-Apoptotic Protein

doi: 10.3390/v10040181

Figure Lengend Snippet: Caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-(O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) blocked induction of apoptosis in Sf21 cells expressing SePTP2. EGFP expression in Sf21 cells at 48 h post transfection with pIB-SePTP2 ( A ) or with pIB-SePTP2 + Z-VAD-FMK ( B ). Apoptotic bodies are indicated by white circles and arrows, scale bar = 200 µm.

Article Snippet: Next, 5 µL of Annexin V-EGFP (Annexin V-EGFP Apoptosis Detection Kit, BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA) was added to stain any apoptotic cells, while Hoechst dye was added at a concentration of 10 µM to stain the nuclei of all cells.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Baculovirus PTP2 Functions as a Pro-Apoptotic Protein

doi: 10.3390/v10040181

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence microscopy analysis of cells in S. exigua hemocytes at 48 h post transfection. Cells were stained with Hoechst (left panel) and Annexin V-EGFP (middle panel). Cells were obtained from larvae infected with wild-type (WT) Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), ∆ ptp2 SeMNPV or no virus (mock), scale bar = 200 µm.

Article Snippet: Next, 5 µL of Annexin V-EGFP (Annexin V-EGFP Apoptosis Detection Kit, BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA) was added to stain any apoptotic cells, while Hoechst dye was added at a concentration of 10 µM to stain the nuclei of all cells.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Transfection, Staining, Infection

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: Unraveling the anti-cancer potential of procyanidin B2 from grape seeds in gastric cancer through a multi-omics approach with emphasis on ROS and ferroptosis

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102642

Figure Lengend Snippet: Procyanidin B2 triggers apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via the mitochondrial pathway. (A) Scheme of PB2 triggers apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. (B) Flow cytometric analysis of cell apoptosis using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining in gastric cancer cells following treatment with different concentrations of PB2 for 24 h. (C) Quantification of apoptosis detected by flow cytometric analysis. (D) Immunofluorescence analysis of Cleaved-Caspase-3 (×400). (E) Quantification of the relative fluorescence intensity of Cleaved-Caspase-3. (F-H) Mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by JC-10 staining using flow cytometry (F) and fluorescence microscopy (×400) (G), followed by quantitative analysis (H). (I-J) Immunoblot analysis and quantitation of AKT, p-AKT, BAX, BCL-2 protein. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 indicate comparisons vs. “CTRL” group.

Article Snippet: The Annexin V-FITC/PI Detection Kit (Solarbio, China) was used to measure cell apoptosis.

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Membrane, Flow Cytometry, Microscopy, Western Blot, Quantitation Assay, Comparison

Journal: Cell Death Discovery

Article Title: Quantitative chemical proteomics reveals that phenethyl isothiocyanate covalently targets BID to promote apoptosis

doi: 10.1038/s41420-024-02225-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Western blotting analysis of endogenous BID cleavage induced by ITCs. HeLa cells were incubated with ITCs (20 µM) for 4 h in the absence or presence of Z-VAD-FMK (20 µM) or Z-IETD-FMK (20 µM). b Western blotting analysis of exogenous BID cleavage induced by ITCs. HeLa cells expressing GFP-tagged BID were incubated with ITCs (20 µM) for 4 h in the absence or presence of Z-VAD-FMK (20 µM) or Z-IETD-FMK (20 µM). Red asterisks indicate the cleaved proteins. c Confocal fluorescence imaging of BID. HeLa cells expressing GFP-tagged C -BID or full-length BID (FL-BID) and TOMM-mCherry were treated with ITCs (20 µM) as indicated for 4 h and imaged by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Scale bars = 10 µm. d Western blotting analysis of caspases after treatment with ITCs. HeLa cells were treated with ITCs (20 µM) as indicated for 4 h. Red asterisks indicate the cleaved proteins. e Caspase-3/7 activity measured by a caspase-3 substrate and flow cytometry. HeLa cells were treated with ITCs (20 µM) for 4 h. Data are shown as mean ± sd ( n = 4). f Fluorescence imaging of mitochondrial membrane potential using TMRE in HeLa cells treated with ITCs (20 µM) for 4 h. Scale bars = 20 µm. g Quantification of fluorescence imaging data shown in ( f ). Data are shown as mean ± sd ( n = 50 cells per condition). h Percentages of apoptotic cells measured by Annexin V staining and flow cytometry. HeLa cells were treated with ITCs (20 µM) for 4 h. Data are shown as mean ± sd ( n = 4). Statistical analyses in ( e , g , h ) were performed with one-way ANOVA test (* p < 0.05, **** p < 0.0001, and ns p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: Apoptotic cells were measured with the Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit (Beyotime, C1062S).

Techniques: Western Blot, Incubation, Expressing, Fluorescence, Imaging, Microscopy, Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry, Membrane, Staining

Journal: Cell Death Discovery

Article Title: Quantitative chemical proteomics reveals that phenethyl isothiocyanate covalently targets BID to promote apoptosis

doi: 10.1038/s41420-024-02225-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the effects of PEITC and cysteine mutations on the interaction between N -BID and C -BID. HEK293T cells expressing the indicated proteins were treated with PEITC (20 µM) for 4 h and lysed for anti-GFP immunoprecipitation and Western blotting detection of co-immunoprecipitated HA-tagged N -BID. b Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the effects of cysteine mutations on the interaction between N -BID and C -BID. HEK293T cells expressing the indicated proteins were lysed for anti-GFP immunoprecipitation and Western blotting detection of co-immunoprecipitated HA-tagged N -BID. c Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the effects of cysteine mutations on the interaction between N -BID and FL-BID. HEK293T cells expressing the indicated proteins were lysed for anti-GFP immunoprecipitation and Western blotting detection of co-immunoprecipitated HA-tagged N -BID. d Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the effects of cysteine mutations on the interaction between Bcl-xL and FL-BID. HEK293T cells expressing the indicated proteins were lysed for anti-FLAG immunoprecipitation and Western blotting detection of co-immunoprecipitated GFP-tagged FL-BID. e Western blotting analysis of cytochrome c release from mitochondria induced by BID proteins. Recombinant BID proteins were cleaved by caspase-8, treated with or without PEITC at indicated concentrations, incubated with purified mitochondria, and centrifuged. The pellet and supernatant were analyzed for cytochrome c release. f N -terminal cysteine mutations enhance the apoptotic activity of BID. HeLa cells were transfected to express the indicated proteins and assayed for apoptotic cells using Annexin V staining and flow cytometry. Data are shown as mean ± sd ( n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA test (*** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Apoptotic cells were measured with the Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit (Beyotime, C1062S).

Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Expressing, Western Blot, Recombinant, Incubation, Purification, Activity Assay, Transfection, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cell Death Discovery

Article Title: Quantitative chemical proteomics reveals that phenethyl isothiocyanate covalently targets BID to promote apoptosis

doi: 10.1038/s41420-024-02225-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: PEITC covalently modifies the N -terminal cysteines of BID, disrupting the interaction between the N - and C -terminal fragments of BID. This releases the pro-apoptotic C -terminal fragment from the autoinhibitory noncovalent complex to induce cytochrome c release and promote apoptosis. Simultaneously, PEITC modification exposes the BH3 domain in the C -terminal region, enabling BID to bind with Bcl-xL to suppress its anti-apoptotic activity.

Article Snippet: Apoptotic cells were measured with the Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit (Beyotime, C1062S).

Techniques: Modification, Activity Assay

Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

Article Title: Profiles of Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Cholangiocarcinomas

doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.02.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of Antibodies Used for IHC and IF

Article Snippet: For all immunoreactions, negative controls (the primary antibody was replaced with preimmune serum) were also included. shows the details of antibodies used in the study. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Name Host/isotype Source Catalog# Dilution CD326/EpCAM Mouse IgG1 Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) sc-59782 1:50 K7 (cytokeratin 7) Mouse IgG1 Dako M7018 1:100 K19 (cytokeratin 19) Mouse IgG1 Abcam (Cambridge, UK) ab87014 1:50 K19 (cytokeratin 19) Mouse IgG1 Dako M0888 1:100 HepPar-1 Mouse IgG1 Dako M7158 1:50 CD133/Prominin 1 Rabbit IgG Abnova (Taipei, Taiwan) {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"PAB12663","term_id":"1236625334","term_text":"PAB12663"}} PAB12663 1:100 CD133/PROM1 Mouse IgG1 OriGene (Unimed Scientifica, Rome, Italy) TA309943 1:50 CD90/Thy1 Rabbit IgG Abcam ab92574 1:100 CD13 Mouse IgG1 Novacastra Reagents (Leica Biosystems, Buffalo Grove, IL) NCL-CD13-304 1:100 LGR5 Goat IgG Santa Cruz Biotechnology SC-68580 1:50 Desmin Mouse IgG1 Dako M0760 1:100 Vimentin Mouse IgG1 Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-32322 1:100 Nestin Mouse IgG1 Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-23927 1:100 α-SMA Mouse IgG1 Dako M0851 1:50 S100A4 Rabbit IgG Dako A5114 1:100 SNAIL Rabbit IgG Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-28199 1:50 TWIST Rabbit IgG Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-15393 1:50 LGR5 Rabbit IgG OriGene TA301323 1:50 NCAM-PE Mouse IgG1 BD Pharmingen (Milan, Italy) 555.516 1:50 E-cadherin Mouse IgG1 Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-21791 1:50 P-cadherin Rabbit IgG Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-7893 1:50 GFAP Mouse IgG1 Dako M0761 1:50 CD163 Mouse IgG1 OriGene TA506382 1:50 CD31 Mouse IgG1 Dako M0823 1:50 CD13 Mouse IgG1 Abcam Ab7417 1:100 SDF1 Rabbit IgG Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-28876 1:50 FAP Mouse IgG1 Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-65398 1:50 Periostin Goat IgG Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-49480 1:50 Periostin Rabbit IgG Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-67233 1:50 CD90-FITC Human Miltenyi Biotec (Cologne, Germany) 130-095-403 1:10 CD326 (EPCAM)-FITC Human Miltenyi Biotec 130-080-301 1:10 Goat anti-rabbit FITC IgG Abcam ab-6717 1:400 Goat anti-rabbit TRITC IgG Abcam ab-6718 1:400 Goat anti-mouse FITC IgG Abcam ab-6785 1:400 Goat anti-mouse TRITC IgG Abcam ab-6786 1:400 Open in a separate window List of Antibodies Used for IHC and IF Sections were examined in a coded fashion by Leica Microsystems DM 4500 B Light and Fluorescence Microscopy (Leica Microsystems, Weltzlar, Germany) equipped with a Jenoptik ProgRes C10 Plus Videocam (Jenoptik, Jena, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Integration of T helper and BCR signals governs enhanced plasma cell differentiation of memory B cells by regulation of CD45 phosphatase activity

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109525

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Flow cytometry dot plot showing CD45 phosphatase activity versus CD27 expression on gated CD19 + human peripheral B cells. (B and C) CD45 phosphatase activity (B) and CD45 surface expression (C) of CD27 − (blue) and CD27 + B cells (red). Numbers in histograms represent CD45 activity (pCAP-SP1) (B) or CD45 surface expression (C) as the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ratio of CD27 + /CD27 − B cells. Bottom graphs: pCAP-SP1 or CD45 surface expression (MFI) in CD27 + relative to CD27 − B cells. (D) CD45 expression versus CD45 phosphatase activity in gated CD27 + MBCs; CD45 hi and CD45 lo expression gates are shown. (E) CD45 phosphatase activity and (F) CD45 expression in CD27 + MBCs expressing low (blue open histogram) or high (red open histogram) levels of surface CD45 compared to CD27 − B cells (filled blue histogram). Graphs show pCAP-SP1 or CD45 MFI relative to CD27 − B cells. n = 12. Related to . ****p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: FITC Mouse monoclonal anti human CD27 (clone MT271) , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130–093-184; RRID:AB_1036205.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Activity Assay, Expressing, Fluorescence

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Integration of T helper and BCR signals governs enhanced plasma cell differentiation of memory B cells by regulation of CD45 phosphatase activity

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109525

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: FITC Mouse monoclonal anti human CD27 (clone MT271) , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130–093-184; RRID:AB_1036205.

Techniques: Negative Control, Recombinant, Purification, Staining, Gene Expression, Lysis, Immunoprecipitation, Plasmid Preparation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Blocking Assay, Cell Isolation, Software, Microscopy

Journal:

Article Title: v-SNARE-dependent secretion is required for phagocytosis

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in macrophage surface area after phagocytosis of OPZ. (A–C) J774 cells were allowed to interact with biotinylated, Texas red-labeled OPZ. Extracellular particles were identified by treatment with avidin-FITC. (A) Bright field (Nomarski) image. Bar, 10 μm. (B) Red fluorescence (Texas red emission) of cells in A as analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, indicating the location of OPZ. (C) Green fluorescence (avidin-FITC emission) of cells in A, identifying extracellular OPZ. (D–F) J774 cells were allowed to internalize Texas red-labeled OPZ as in A, treated with the dye FM-143 at 4°C (which provides a measure of the surface membrane), and then examined by confocal microscopy. (D) Bright field image; inset shows an extracellular particle (arrow) and an intracellular particle (arrowhead). (E) Red (Texas red) fluorescence of cells in D indicating the location of OPZ. (F) Green (FM-143) fluorescence indicating surface labeling of cell only. (G) Analysis of association of OPZ with J774 cells by flow cytometry. The arbitrarily designated quadrants define the following populations: i, extracellular OPZ; ii, macrophages with associated OPZ; iii, debris; and iv, macrophages not associated with OPZ. (H) Frequency histogram of the fluorescence intensity of cell-associated FM-143, a measure of cell surface area. The lighter line (a) corresponds to cells in quadrant iv in G, which had no associated OPZ. The heavy line (b) corresponds to cells in quadrant ii in G, which had internalized OPZ. (I) Correlation between Texas red fluorescence (abscissa), which is proportional to the number of OPZ particles (fluorescence equivalent to one internalized particle shown by arrow) and the uptake of FM-143 (left ordinate), which is proportional to surface area (calculated from the volume of cells, assuming a smooth spherical surface; right ordinate). Data from five separate experiments.

Article Snippet: Texas red-labeled zymosan, NHS-biotin, avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate, FM-143, Lucifer yellow, FITC, rhodamine-labeled human holo-transferrin, tetramethylrhodamine B isothiocyanate, and Texas red-dextran were obtained from Molecular Probes.

Techniques: Labeling, Avidin-Biotin Assay, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Flow Cytometry

Journal:

Article Title: v-SNARE-dependent secretion is required for phagocytosis

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impaired phagocytosis after degradation of VAMP-2 in J774 cells. (A–C) J774 cells were injected with TeTx-LC in a solution containing fixable FITC-dextran as a marker of injection. After 5 h of incubation at 37°C, the cells were stained with antibody to VAMP-2. (A) Bright field micrograph. Bar, 10 μm. (B) Green fluorescence (Lucifer yellow emission) of the field shown in A identifying two injected cells. (C) VAMP-2 immunostaining in the cells shown in A. (D–F) J774 cells were injected with tetanus toxin and FITC-dextran as above, then assessed for their ability to perform phagocytosis of opsonized SRBCs. (D) Bright field micrograph. Inset (D′) shows cell injected with dextran alone. Arrow indicates location of representative internalized SRBCs. (E and E′) Green fluorescence emission of the cells shown in D. Arrowhead demonstrates the displacement of FITC-dextran by internalized the SRBCs. (F) Effect of toxin injection on phagocytosis. Data are means ± SE of 250 noninjected control (Ctl) cells, 175 buffer- (Buf) injected controls, 244 TeTx-LC- (Tet) injected cells, and 75 botulinum- (Bot) injected cells (asterisks indicate P < 0.05 vs. Ctl). (G–I) J774 cells were injected with TeTx-LC as above and then assessed for their ability to bind opsonized SRBCs. (G) Bright field micrograph. (H) Fluorescence emission of the cells shown in G identifying injected cells. (I) Effect of toxin injection on SRBC adherence to J774 cells. Data are means ± SE of 165 noninjected control (Ctl) cells, 64 buffer- (Buf) injected controls, 75 TeTx-LC- (Tet) injected cells, and 57 botulinum- (Bot) injected cells. Images are representative of five separate experiments.

Article Snippet: Texas red-labeled zymosan, NHS-biotin, avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate, FM-143, Lucifer yellow, FITC, rhodamine-labeled human holo-transferrin, tetramethylrhodamine B isothiocyanate, and Texas red-dextran were obtained from Molecular Probes.

Techniques: Injection, Marker, Incubation, Staining, Fluorescence, Immunostaining

Journal:

Article Title: v-SNARE-dependent secretion is required for phagocytosis

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of tetanus toxin on endocytosis. (A and B) J774 cells were injected with TeTx-LC and fluorescein-dextran as an injection marker, incubated for 5 h at 37°C, and then allowed to internalize Texas red-dextran for 2 h at 37°C. (A) Typical confocal micrograph demonstrating Texas red fluorescence. (B) Fluorescein-dextran emission identifying injected cell. (C–F) FcγRIIA-expressing CHO cells were transiently transfected with cDNA for TeTx-LC and GFP and allowed to internalize either rhodamine-labeled transferrin (C and D) or tetramethylrhodamine B isothiocyanate-labeled aggregated human IgG (E and F) for 1 h at 37°C. (C and E) Confocal fluorescence micrograph illustrating the distribution of transferrin (C) or aggregated IgG (E). (D and F) GFP emission identifying transfected cells. Representative of three experiments, with at least 50 injected or transfected cells per experiment. Bar, 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Texas red-labeled zymosan, NHS-biotin, avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate, FM-143, Lucifer yellow, FITC, rhodamine-labeled human holo-transferrin, tetramethylrhodamine B isothiocyanate, and Texas red-dextran were obtained from Molecular Probes.

Techniques: Injection, Marker, Incubation, Fluorescence, Expressing, Transfection, Labeling