Journal: Brain research

Article Title: Controlled cortical impact before or after fear conditioning does not affect fear extinction in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: Controlled cortical impact (CCI) prior to conditioning does not affect fear conditioning or extinction. (A) Experimental timeline: mice were subjected to CCI or sham injury. After a two-week recovery period, all mice underwent fear conditioning (Cond), extinction training (Ext), and test for extinction memory (Test). (B) Sham controls (n=12) and CCI (n=12) display comparable levels of freezing 30 s immediately prior to the first tone of extinction (Ext; shaded region) and prior to the first tone of test (Test; shaded region), which is an index of context fear. Sham controls and CCI display comparable levels of freezing during Cond, Ext, and Test. (C) Total distance traveled in the open field between sham and CCI was similar, suggesting CCI does not affect locomotor activity.

Article Snippet: Fear conditioning and extinction Delay fear conditioning, which is largely hippocampal independent ( Phillips and LeDoux, 1992 ), was performed in operant chambers (17 ×17 ×25 cm 3 ; Ugo Basile, Model 46003, Varese, Italy) within sound-attenuating cubicles (Ugo Basile, Model 46000-595).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Brain research

Article Title: Controlled cortical impact before or after fear conditioning does not affect fear extinction in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: Controlled cortical impact (CCI) administered post-fear conditioning (p.c.) does not affect fear expression or extinction. (A) Experimental timeline: sham injury and CCI occurred 24 h after conditioning (Cond). Following a two-week recovery period, all mice underwent extinction training (Ext) and test for extinction memory (Test). (B) Sham controls (n=14) and p.c. CCI (n=14) displayed comparable levels of freezing 30 s immediately prior to the first tone of extinction (Ext; shaded region) and prior to the first tone of test (Test; shaded region). Sham controls and CCI had similar levels of freezing during Cond, Ext, and Test. (C) Total distance traveled in the open field between sham (n=10) and CCI (n=10) was also similar, suggesting that CCI does not affect locomotor activity.

Article Snippet: Fear conditioning and extinction Delay fear conditioning, which is largely hippocampal independent ( Phillips and LeDoux, 1992 ), was performed in operant chambers (17 ×17 ×25 cm 3 ; Ugo Basile, Model 46003, Varese, Italy) within sound-attenuating cubicles (Ugo Basile, Model 46000-595).

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Dorsal peduncular cortex activity modulates affective behaviors in mice

doi: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538301

Figure Lengend Snippet: A-B. Experimental timeline. C57BL/6J mice were injected with AAV5-hSyn-mCherry, AAV5-hSyn-hM3D-mCherry or AAV5-hSyn-hM4D-mCherry into the DP/DTT. Following 2 weeks, mice underwent a battery of behavioral tests comprised of the open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST) and auditory fear conditioning (Fear) with a washout period of three days between each test. C. Representative images of an mCherry control virus-infused brain stained for mCherry (red) and the nuclear dye Hoechst (blue). D-F. Diagrams depicting overlaid viral spread for all mCherry ( D ), hM4D ( E ) and hM3D-injected ( F ) mice. Scale bar = 500µm.

Article Snippet: The fear conditioning apparatus was located within a sound-attenuated chamber (63.5cm wide, 36.8cm, high, 74.9cm deep; catalog #NIR-022MD, Med Associates).

Techniques: Injection, Battery, Suspension, Control, Virus, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Dorsal peduncular cortex activity modulates affective behaviors in mice

doi: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538301

Figure Lengend Snippet: A.-B. Experimental timeline. Mice previously injected with hM3D, hM4D or control mCherry constructs in the DP/DTT were injected with the DREADD agonist C21 one hour prior to undergoing auditory fear conditioning. During acquisition, mice were placed in a sound-attenuated fear conditioning chamber and received 6 tone-shock pairings (0.5mA). Twenty-four hours later, auditory fear memory was evaluated in a different context in the absence of shocks. B. During fear acquisition, DP/DTT manipulations did not affect average tone freezing. C. hM4D mice displayed significantly more freezing than hM3D mice at tone presentations 4 and 6 during acquisition. D-E. DP/DTT manipulations did not affect average or individual post shock freezing episodes. F-I. During fear retrieval, DP/DTT manipulations did not affect freezing during average tone ( F ), individual tone ( G ), average post tone ( H ) or individual post tone ( I ) periods. indicates a significant difference between hM3D and hM4D groups ( p <0.05). Male (square) and female (circle) individual datapoints are displayed for transparency (see text for details).

Article Snippet: The fear conditioning apparatus was located within a sound-attenuated chamber (63.5cm wide, 36.8cm, high, 74.9cm deep; catalog #NIR-022MD, Med Associates).

Techniques: Injection, Control, Construct

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Dopamine in the basal amygdala signals salient somatosensory events during fear learning

doi: 10.1101/716589

Figure Lengend Snippet: VTA neurons, and amongst them dopamine neurons, respond to footshocks and acquire CS - responsiveness. ( A ) Schematic showing an optrode with 16 recording channels implanted in the VTA of a DAT Cre × ChR2-eYFP mouse. ( B ) Post-hoc histological image showing the placement of an optrode (dashed line) in the VTA in the example mouse of panels B – H (FT7612). The tracks of two tetrodes are visible (arrows). Bottom, scheme of the design of four tetrodes (T1 - T4) around the optical fiber. ( C ) Illustration of optogenetic identification of putative DAT + units. Raster plot for four electrodes (E1-E4) of one tetrode, showing unsorted spikes aligned to the onsets of n = 100, 2 ms – long laser light pulses (blue shading). Spikes at 2-8 ms after the light pulse were collected and subjected to spike clustering (see Materials and Methods). ( D ) Time course of freezing of the example mouse during the three days of the fear learning protocol. ( E ) Spiking activity of a single opto-tagged putative DAT + unit during day 2 (training day). AP frequency (top) and z-score (bottom) are shown in response to the CS (averages over the n = 30 tone presentations for each tone block), as well as in response to footshocks (averages over the n = 6 footshock presentations; right). ( F ) Spiking activity of the same unit as (E), but for responses to CS presentations on day 3 (threat memory retrieval). Right, AP-waveforms for the unit shown in E, F. ( G, H ) Responses of all units in this mouse (FT7612) to tone presentations during day1 - day 3 (G), and to footshocks on day 2 (H). Z-scores were analyzed and plotted as a function of time (number of tone block). Units classified as CS - entrained are shown in pink, and the others in gray. Thick red and black lines show average ± S.E.M. across these groups, respectively. Square symbols connected by lines represent DAT + units identified by optotagging. ( I, J, K ) Venn-type diagrams showing the number of units in the different response classes and their overlap. The data in (I) is from the example mouse shown in panels B-H. Note the overall similar distribution and overlap of response types across n = 3 mice. Two US responsive units in mouse FT6963 showed a reduction in firing upon the footshock (J, dashed areas).

Article Snippet: A classical auditory cued threat memory paradigm was performed in a conditioning chamber of a NIR Video Fear Conditioning Optogenetics Package for Mouse (MED-VFC-OPTO-M, Med Associates Inc., VT, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Blocking Assay