Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Titration of supplemental Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis American Type Culture Collection PTA-125135 to broiler chickens fed diets of 2 different metabolizable energy concentrations

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enumeration of Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium in mixed feed, CFU/g. 1

Article Snippet: In US patent 6,524,574, demonstrated that a commensal strain of E. faecium (strain NCIMB 10415) improved the competitive exclusion of pathogens by S. cerevisiae.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: The Many Faces of Enterococcus spp.—Commensal, Probiotic and Opportunistic Pathogen

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091900

Figure Lengend Snippet: Required features of Enterococcus spp. in relation to probiotics.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain E. faecium M-74 (Aberdeen, UK; the National Collections of Industrial Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) registered no 11181) was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Swedish children and exhibits immunomodulatory, antimutagenic [ , , ], and hypocholesterolemic properties [ ].

Techniques: Probiotics

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: The Many Faces of Enterococcus spp.—Commensal, Probiotic and Opportunistic Pathogen

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091900

Figure Lengend Snippet: The relationships between enterococci in the transition towards pathogenicity. Legend: HGT—horizontal gene transfer; Vfs—virulence factors, ARG—antibiotic resistance gene. Antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, and diet can alter the composition of the gut microbiota. The overgrowth of Enterococcus causes dysbiosis and often disorders homeostasis. Biofilm is a key process in horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Transfer antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors are facilitated. Commensal strains and probiotic strains can convert into pathogenic strains. For oncological patients and people with a weakened immune system, the translocation of pathogenic strains into the circulatory system is highly likely.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain E. faecium M-74 (Aberdeen, UK; the National Collections of Industrial Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) registered no 11181) was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Swedish children and exhibits immunomodulatory, antimutagenic [ , , ], and hypocholesterolemic properties [ ].

Techniques: Translocation Assay

Journal: BMC Biology

Article Title: The quorum sensing peptide EntF* promotes colorectal cancer metastasis in mice: a new factor in the host-microbiome interaction

doi: 10.1186/s12915-022-01317-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro formation and in vivo presence of the EntF* metabolite. a Sequences of the enterocin induction factor pro-peptide, mature quorum sensing peptide EntF, and its metabolite EntF*. b In vitro formation rate of EntF* from EntF in colon ( n = 7) and feces ( n = 4) homogenates. Bars represent the mean formation rate ± SEM from independent experiments. Statistically significant differences were determined by a Mann-Whitney U test with indicated p -values. c Apparent permeability coefficients ( P app ) of PapRIV, EntF*, and EDF-analog in Caco-2 cells. Bars represent mean P app values ± SEM ( n = 6 independent experiments); the shaded area represents the limit of detection. d Flow chart displaying the experimental design stages, from serum sampling to peptide detection and further confirmation of EntF* presence in vivo. Different LC-MS methods: LC 1 -MS 1 , reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) using triple quadrupole (TQ) in MRM mode; LC 1 -MS 2 , high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight; LC 1 -MS 3 , high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap; LC 2 -MS 1 , HILIC-amide UPLC using TQ in MRM mode. qPCR was performed on feces sample of mice from the same set to demonstrate the presence of EntF-encoding DNA sequences from E. faecium . e Chromatographic profiles of (1) negative serum sample, (2) positive serum sample, (3) serum sample from EntF*-treated mice. Chromatographic profiles were obtained using RP-UPLC with detection by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) using TQ in MRM mode ( m/z = 865 ➔ 202.08 + 315.17). f Chromatographic profiles of (1) negative serum sample, (2) positive serum sample, (3) serum sample from EntF*-treated mice. Chromatographic profiles were obtained using HILIC amide UPLC with detection by ESI-MS using TQ in MRM mode ( m/z = 865 ➔ 202.08 + 315.17). g Isotopic distribution of the double charged EntF* measured in a positive serum sample using RP-UPLC with detection by ESI-MS using quadrupole-orbitrap. h High-resolution tandem mass spectrum of EntF* with characteristic fragments, using RP-UPLC with detection by Q-TOF. i In vivo presence of EntF* in gnotobiotic mice treated with EntF-producing bacterial strains. Number of EntF DNA copies per gram of feces measured four days after treatment with placebo (300 μL BHI medium) (limit of detection: 10 5 copies/g) (left). EntF* concentration in colon content. No EntF* was detected in the placebo group (the red line indicates the limit of detection) (middle). EntF* concentration in serum content. No EntF* was detected in the placebo group (the red line indicates the limit of detection) (right)

Article Snippet: At day 0, the placebo group was treated with the cell medium (BHI), the control group received a mixture of 3 EntF-negative E. faecium strains (NCIMB 10415; W54 and LMG S-28935 each 10 8 CFU per strain) suspended in 300 μL of BHI, while the test group received a mixture of 3 EntF-producing E. faecium strains (LMG 23236; T-110 and ATCC 8459 each 10 8 CFU/strain) suspended in 300 μL of BHI.

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, MANN-WHITNEY, Permeability, Sampling, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Targeted Proteomics, Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Concentration Assay