Journal: Journal of Innate Immunity

Article Title: The Novel Inducer of Innate Immunity HO53 Stimulates Autophagy in Human Airway Epithelial Cells

doi: 10.1159/000521602

Figure Lengend Snippet: HO53 treatment induces autophagy in human airway epithelial cells. BCi cells were stimulated for 24 h with different doses of HO53, and 250 nM Rapa was used as a positive control for autophagy induction, and DMSO (final concentration of 0.3%) was used as a solv, all in combination with (+Baf.A1) or without (−Baf.A1) Bafilomycin A1 (100 nM). Treatment of differentiated BCi cells was performed by addition of the compound to the lower chamber of the trans-well insert. Induction of autophagy in the ALI culture ( a ) and undifferentiated BCi ( b ) was evaluated by analysis of LC3B processing on Western blotting. The processing of LC3B-I to LC3B-II was quantified by measurement of the LC3B-II band intensity versus GAPDH loading control and presented as the LC3B-II/GAPDH ratio. Data present average ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Sidak post hoc test, where * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and ns versus solvent control, & p < 0.05 versus 50 μM HO53, && p < 0.01 versus 12.5 μM HO53. Samples were run in one experiment on separate gels/blots processed in parallel, and full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure S7. c Analysis of the autophagy induction by HO53 (75 μM) in ALI-cultured BCi cells by immunostaining of LC3B puncta (green), nuclei (blue), and occludin (red), a tight-junction protein characteristic for the differentiated BCi cells in the ALI culture. The scale bar is 10 μm. Autophagy flux in ALI-cultured BCi was calculated based on number of LC3B+ (positive) puncta using the formula: ( sample + Baf.A1 )/ sample presented as autophagy flux LC3B + puncta. Data present average ± SEM from n = 5 independent experiments analyzed by an unpaired t -test, where * p < 0.05. d TEM analysis of differentiated BCi cells treated with HO53 (75 μM) and Bafilomycin A1 (100 nm) for 24 h. Autophagosomes are indicated by red arrows. TF indicates the trans-well filter/insert; red squares indicate a magnified area with scale bars for images as indicated (from left to right) 2 μm, 1 μm and 200 nm. Representative images of n = 4 trans-well inserts from 2 independent experiments. ns, nonsignificant; solv, solvent control; Rapa, rapamycin; SEM, standard error of mean.

Article Snippet: UltroserG (15950-017) was obtained from Pall Life Sciences and DMSO (sc-358801), Bafilomycin A1 (sc-201550), and rapamycin (sc-3504) from Santa Cruz.

Techniques: Positive Control, Concentration Assay, Western Blot, Control, Solvent, Cell Culture, Immunostaining

Journal: Powder Diffraction

Article Title: Crystal structure of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, C₂₆H₂₃FIN₅O₄(C₂H₆OS)

doi: 10.1017/s0885715625000168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. The Rietveld plot for trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide. The blue crosses represent the observed data points, and the green line is the calculated pattern. The cyan curve is the normalized error plot, and the red line is the background curve. The vertical scale has been changed to 40,000 full scale for 2θ > 30.0.

Article Snippet: Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide was a commercial reagent, purchased from TargetMol (Batch #T5857) and was used as received.

Techniques:

Journal: Powder Diffraction

Article Title: Crystal structure of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, C₂₆H₂₃FIN₅O₄(C₂H₆OS)

doi: 10.1017/s0885715625000168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. The two-dimensional structure of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide.

Article Snippet: Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide was a commercial reagent, purchased from TargetMol (Batch #T5857) and was used as received.

Techniques:

Journal: Powder Diffraction

Article Title: Crystal structure of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, C₂₆H₂₃FIN₅O₄(C₂H₆OS)

doi: 10.1017/s0885715625000168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Comparison of the Rietveld-refined (red) and VASP-optimized (blue) structures of the trametinib molecule. The root-mean-square Cartesian displacement is 0.097 Å. Image generated using Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020).

Article Snippet: Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide was a commercial reagent, purchased from TargetMol (Batch #T5857) and was used as received.

Techniques: Comparison, Generated

Journal: Powder Diffraction

Article Title: Crystal structure of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, C₂₆H₂₃FIN₅O₄(C₂H₆OS)

doi: 10.1017/s0885715625000168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. The asymmetric unit of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, with the atom numbering. The atoms are represented by 50% probability spheroids. Image generated using Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020).

Article Snippet: Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide was a commercial reagent, purchased from TargetMol (Batch #T5857) and was used as received.

Techniques: Spheroids, Generated

Journal: Powder Diffraction

Article Title: Crystal structure of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, C₂₆H₂₃FIN₅O₄(C₂H₆OS)

doi: 10.1017/s0885715625000168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. The crystal structure of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, viewed down the b-axis. Image generated using Diamond (Crystal Impact, 2023).

Article Snippet: Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide was a commercial reagent, purchased from TargetMol (Batch #T5857) and was used as received.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Powder Diffraction

Article Title: Crystal structure of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, C₂₆H₂₃FIN₅O₄(C₂H₆OS)

doi: 10.1017/s0885715625000168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. The Hirshfeld surface of trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide. Inter- molecular contacts longer than the sums of the van der Waals radii are colored blue, and contacts shorter than the sums of the radii are colored red. Contacts equal to the sums of radii are white. Image generated using CrystalExplorer (Spackman et al., 2021).

Article Snippet: Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide was a commercial reagent, purchased from TargetMol (Batch #T5857) and was used as received.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

Article Title: Comparison of PAC and MOAH for understanding the carcinogenic and developmental toxicity potential of mineral oils.

doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105193

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Toxicity of a mineral oil is directly proportional to its PAC content by DMSO extract, which is inversely proportional to viscosity and MOAH alkylation degree.

Article Snippet: Thus, to make this distinction, the pharmacopeia UV method uses a DMSO extraction step which concentrates the 3–7 ring PAC (EDQM 2019), so that the measurement reflects the toxicologically relevant aromatic fraction and independent of MOAH molecular weight.

Techniques: Viscosity