Journal: BMC Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on somatosensory-evoked and motor-evoked potential monitoring during neurosurgery: a randomized controlled trial

doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01463-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Baseline biological parameters

Article Snippet: General anesthesia was maintained by intravenous pumping of propofol (75 to 125 μg/kg/min), and remifentanil (0.1 to 0.2 μg/kg/min) and volatile anesthetic either sevoflurane (0202, Marushi Pharmaceutical Company, Japan) or desflurane (4,474,432, Astra Zeneca Company, England) depending on anesthetic allocation.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on somatosensory-evoked and motor-evoked potential monitoring during neurosurgery: a randomized controlled trial

doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01463-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEP latency and amplitude

Article Snippet: General anesthesia was maintained by intravenous pumping of propofol (75 to 125 μg/kg/min), and remifentanil (0.1 to 0.2 μg/kg/min) and volatile anesthetic either sevoflurane (0202, Marushi Pharmaceutical Company, Japan) or desflurane (4,474,432, Astra Zeneca Company, England) depending on anesthetic allocation.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on somatosensory-evoked and motor-evoked potential monitoring during neurosurgery: a randomized controlled trial

doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01463-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: MEP latency and amplitude

Article Snippet: General anesthesia was maintained by intravenous pumping of propofol (75 to 125 μg/kg/min), and remifentanil (0.1 to 0.2 μg/kg/min) and volatile anesthetic either sevoflurane (0202, Marushi Pharmaceutical Company, Japan) or desflurane (4,474,432, Astra Zeneca Company, England) depending on anesthetic allocation.

Techniques:

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Mechanism of gastrodin in cell apoptosis in rat hippocampus tissue induced by desflurane

doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5770

Figure Lengend Snippet: Novel object recognition capability of rats in each group. The recognition capacities of novel objects in desflurane anesthesia (DF) group and gastrodin treatment (GT) group are significantly higher than that in C group, and the differences are statistically significant (**P<0.01); the recognition capacity of novel objects in GT group is higher than that in DF group ( ## P<0.01).

Article Snippet: Desflurane (Shenzhen RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., Shenzhen China); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); TRIzol kit; reverse transcription kit (both from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA); rabbit anti-rat p38, IL-1 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) polyclonalantibodies; anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit secondary polyclonal antibody (cat. nos.

Techniques:

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Mechanism of gastrodin in cell apoptosis in rat hippocampus tissue induced by desflurane

doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5770

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exploration of learning-memory ability of rats via water maze test. T1 in desflurane anesthesia (DF) group and gastrodin treatment (GT) group from the 2nd day to the 5th day of training is significantly longer than that in C group (*P<0.05 and **P<0.01). T1 in GT group is significantly shorter than that in DF group from the 3rd day to the 5th day of training ( ## P<0.01).

Article Snippet: Desflurane (Shenzhen RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., Shenzhen China); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); TRIzol kit; reverse transcription kit (both from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA); rabbit anti-rat p38, IL-1 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) polyclonalantibodies; anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit secondary polyclonal antibody (cat. nos.

Techniques:

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Mechanism of gastrodin in cell apoptosis in rat hippocampus tissue induced by desflurane

doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5770

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exploration of learning-memory ability of rats via water maze test. The residence time in the target quadrant of rats in desflurane anesthesia (DF) group and gastrodin treatment (GT) group is significantly shorter than that in C group (**P<0.01), and the residence time in the target quadrant of rats in DF group is shorter than that in GT group ( ## P<0.01).

Article Snippet: Desflurane (Shenzhen RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., Shenzhen China); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); TRIzol kit; reverse transcription kit (both from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA); rabbit anti-rat p38, IL-1 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) polyclonalantibodies; anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit secondary polyclonal antibody (cat. nos.

Techniques:

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Mechanism of gastrodin in cell apoptosis in rat hippocampus tissue induced by desflurane

doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5770

Figure Lengend Snippet: Detection of hippocampus cell apoptosis via TUNEL. The hippocampus cell apoptosis in desflurane anesthesia (DF) group and gastrodin treatment (GT) group is significantly higher than that in C group (**P<0.01), and the number of apoptotic cells in DF group is more than that in GT group ( ## P<0.01).

Article Snippet: Desflurane (Shenzhen RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., Shenzhen China); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); TRIzol kit; reverse transcription kit (both from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA); rabbit anti-rat p38, IL-1 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) polyclonalantibodies; anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit secondary polyclonal antibody (cat. nos.

Techniques: TUNEL Assay

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Mechanism of gastrodin in cell apoptosis in rat hippocampus tissue induced by desflurane

doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5770

Figure Lengend Snippet: Detection of mRNA expression of p38 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) via semi-quantitative PCR. The mRNA expression levels of p38 and IL-1β in hippocampus tissues in desflurane anesthesia (DF) group and gastrodin treatment (GT) group are significantly increased compared with those in C group (*P<0.05 and **P<0.01). Compared with those in DF group, the mRNA expression level of p38 and IL-1β in hippocampus tissues in GT group are decreased ( ## P<0.01).

Article Snippet: Desflurane (Shenzhen RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., Shenzhen China); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); TRIzol kit; reverse transcription kit (both from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA); rabbit anti-rat p38, IL-1 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) polyclonalantibodies; anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit secondary polyclonal antibody (cat. nos.

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Mechanism of gastrodin in cell apoptosis in rat hippocampus tissue induced by desflurane

doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5770

Figure Lengend Snippet: Detection of protein expression of p38 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) via western blotting. The protein expression levels of p38 and IL-1β in hippocampus tissues in desflurane anesthesia (DF) group and gastrodin treatment (GT) group are significantly higher than those in C group (*P<0.05 and **P<0.01). Compared with those in DF group, the protein expression levels of p38 and IL-1β in hippocampus tissues in GT group are decreased ( ## P<0.01).

Article Snippet: Desflurane (Shenzhen RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., Shenzhen China); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); TRIzol kit; reverse transcription kit (both from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA); rabbit anti-rat p38, IL-1 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) polyclonalantibodies; anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit secondary polyclonal antibody (cat. nos.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: BMC Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on somatosensory-evoked and motor-evoked potential monitoring during neurosurgery: a randomized controlled trial

doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01463-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Baseline biological parameters

Article Snippet: General anesthesia was maintained by intravenous pumping of propofol (75 to 125 μg/kg/min), and remifentanil (0.1 to 0.2 μg/kg/min) and volatile anesthetic either sevoflurane (0202, Marushi Pharmaceutical Company, Japan) or desflurane (4,474,432, Astra Zeneca Company, England) depending on anesthetic allocation.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on somatosensory-evoked and motor-evoked potential monitoring during neurosurgery: a randomized controlled trial

doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01463-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEP latency and amplitude

Article Snippet: General anesthesia was maintained by intravenous pumping of propofol (75 to 125 μg/kg/min), and remifentanil (0.1 to 0.2 μg/kg/min) and volatile anesthetic either sevoflurane (0202, Marushi Pharmaceutical Company, Japan) or desflurane (4,474,432, Astra Zeneca Company, England) depending on anesthetic allocation.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on somatosensory-evoked and motor-evoked potential monitoring during neurosurgery: a randomized controlled trial

doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01463-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: MEP latency and amplitude

Article Snippet: General anesthesia was maintained by intravenous pumping of propofol (75 to 125 μg/kg/min), and remifentanil (0.1 to 0.2 μg/kg/min) and volatile anesthetic either sevoflurane (0202, Marushi Pharmaceutical Company, Japan) or desflurane (4,474,432, Astra Zeneca Company, England) depending on anesthetic allocation.

Techniques:

Journal: Medical Gas Research

Article Title: Desflurane impairs outcome of organotypic hippocampal slices in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury

doi: 10.4103/2045-9912.179338

Figure Lengend Snippet: Trauma intensity of TBI organotypic hippocampal slice cultures incubated with various concentrations of desflurane for 2 hours. Note: After 2-hour incubation, cell death was stained as shown on fluorescence images. Trauma intensity of the different groups is shown in relation to trauma intensity of mechanical traumatized slices (the trauma no desflurane group was set as 1 or 100%) after an incubation with 5% CO 2 , 21% O 2 ,74% N 2 for 2 hours. Significant differences to the trauma no desflurane group are marked with * . There was no significant reduction in trauma intensity at the groups with mechanical trauma ( P > 0.05). In the group without TBI, a concentration of 2% desflurane ( * P = 0.033) and 4% desflurane ( * P =0.004) reduced the trauma intensity significantly in comparison to the group without desflurane and trauma. For each group an average of 80 with a minimum of 56 slices were analyzed.

Article Snippet: The carrier gas for desflurane (5% CO 2 , 21%O 2 , 74% N 2 containing 2 vol%, 4 vol% or 6 vol% desflurane) was mixed by Linde Gas Therapeutics, Unterschleissheim, Germany.

Techniques: Incubation, Staining, Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Comparison

Journal: Medical Gas Research

Article Title: Desflurane impairs outcome of organotypic hippocampal slices in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury

doi: 10.4103/2045-9912.179338

Figure Lengend Snippet: Trauma intensity of TBI organotypic hippocampal slice cultures incubated with various concentrations of desflurane for 24 hours. Note: After 24-hour incubation, cell death was stained as shown fluorescence images. Trauma intensity of different groups is shown in relation to trauma intensity of traumatized slices (the trauma no desflurane group after 2 hours of incubation was set as 1) after an incubation with 5% CO 2 , 21% O 2 ,74% N 2 for 2 hours. Significant differences compared with the positive control group after two hours of incubation (Trauma without desflurane) are marked with * . Important significant differences between the groups after 24 hour incubation are also marked with * on the top of the figure. After 24 hours of incubation the trauma intensity tripled as compared to the trauma intensity after 2 hours of incubation. In the group without TBI the increase of trauma intensity rises also from 2% desflurane ( * P = 0.000) to 6% desflurane ( * P = 0.000). For the trauma group a significant increase of trauma intensity was observed at 4% desflurane ( * P = 0.006) and 6% desflurane ( * P = 0.000). For each group an average of 73 with a minimum of 62 slices were analyzed.

Article Snippet: The carrier gas for desflurane (5% CO 2 , 21%O 2 , 74% N 2 containing 2 vol%, 4 vol% or 6 vol% desflurane) was mixed by Linde Gas Therapeutics, Unterschleissheim, Germany.

Techniques: Incubation, Staining, Fluorescence, Positive Control

Journal: Medical Gas Research

Article Title: Desflurane impairs outcome of organotypic hippocampal slices in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury

doi: 10.4103/2045-9912.179338

Figure Lengend Snippet: Trauma intensity of TBI organotypic hippocampal slice cultures incubated with concentration of 4% desflurane for 2, 24 and 72 hours. Note: In summary on this figure slices were exposed to a concentration of 4% desflurane and to 5% CO 2 , 21% O 2 , 74% N 2 (trauma no desflurane) for 2–72 hours. Trauma intensity of the different groups is shown in relation to trauma intensity of traumatized slices after an incubation without desflurane for 2 hours. Significant differences compared with the trauma no desflurane after two hours of incubation are marked with * . After 2 hours of incubation, there was no significant difference between the trauma no desflurane group and the trauma group with 4% desflurane ( P = 0.273). After 24 hours, an increase to the double trauma intensity at the trauma group without desflurane was observed. Incubating with 4% desflurane after trauma led to an increase of trauma intensity to the four-fold. Finally after 72 hours the trauma intensity represents without desflurane and with 4% desflurane in the trauma group. For each group an average of 94 with a minimum of 73 slices were analyzed.

Article Snippet: The carrier gas for desflurane (5% CO 2 , 21%O 2 , 74% N 2 containing 2 vol%, 4 vol% or 6 vol% desflurane) was mixed by Linde Gas Therapeutics, Unterschleissheim, Germany.

Techniques: Incubation, Concentration Assay