Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

Article Title: Extracts from Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

doi: 10.3390/ani9020045

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Interleukin (IL)-10 secretion by PBMCs stimulated with ConA and LPS and cultured with the unsaponified fraction (UP), the acetylated unsaponified fraction (AUP), and the total lipids fraction (TL) extracted and purified from C. sorokiniana. For each treatment, 0.4 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL were tested on PBMCs. PBMCs with ConA and LPS were stimulated cells (SC), and PBMCs without ConA and LPS were unstimulated cells (USC). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher post-hoc test and are presented as least squares mean ± SEM. Bars indicate p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: In particular, the standard curve for IL-6 was obtained using scalar dilution of recombinant ovine IL-6 (Cusabio Biotech Co., Wuhan, P.R.China), IL-1β was obtained using scalar dilution of recombinant ovine IL-1β (Kingfisher Biotech Inc., St Paul, USA), and IL-10 was obtained using scalar dilution of recombinant bovine IL-10 (Kingfisher Biotech Inc., St Paul, USA).

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Macrophage-Derived Factors with the Potential to Contribute to the Pathogenicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2: Roles of M-CSF and CXCL7.

doi: 10.3390/ijms26115028

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Differential regulation of CXCL7 (PPBP) gene expression in MDMs infected with HIV-1 or HIV-2. (A) The expression profiles of chemokine genes in MDMs infected with HIV-1 Ada or HIV-2 B5, B9, or Rod was analyzed by Affymetrix array using cell samples collected on day 15 post-infection. (B) The expression levels of CXCL7 mRNA in MDMs infected with HIV-1 Ada, 92UG024, BCF03, or Bal or HIV-2 B4, B5, B7, B8, or Rod isolates were measured by qPCR. The expression levels of CXCL7 mRNA were examined using cells harvested on day 15 post-infection, normalized by the levels of GAPDH mRNA and presented as the amount relative to uninfected cells (Cell only). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test for multiple testing corrections. The asterisks on the long bar line indicate a significant difference between the uninfected group and the nine HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected groups (**, p < 0.005, n = 3), as found using one-way ANOVA. The asterisks on the short bar lines indicate significant differences (*, p < 0.05) between the HIV infected group under the bar lines and the HIV-1 Ada control group, as assessed using Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons.

Article Snippet: CXCL7 concentrations in the supernatants collected from cultures of HIV-infected MDMs throughout the time course of infections were measured using ELISA kits (Cat# EA100464) purchased from Origene (Gaithersburg, MD, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Infection, Expressing, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Macrophage-Derived Factors with the Potential to Contribute to the Pathogenicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2: Roles of M-CSF and CXCL7.

doi: 10.3390/ijms26115028

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Differential CXCL7 production by MDMs following infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2. (A,B) Time course of virus replication and CXCL7 production following infection of MDMs with HIV-1 or HIV-2 isolates. MDMs differentiated for 10 days in DMEM containing 10% PHS were harvested, replated, and infected with the indicated HIV isolates. RT activities (A) and CXCL7 levels (B) of the culture supernatants collected from day 6 to day 36 were assessed at 6-day intervals. Data shown are results from three donors (Mean ± SEM, n = 3). (C) The concentrations of CXCL7 in the supernatants harvested from MDMs infected with the indicated HIV isolates at the peak viral- replication time points were determined by ELISA. The concentrations of CXCL7 in the supernatants of each infection group were normalized to the expression levels of CXCL7 in the supernatants harvested from uninfected MDMs and presented as relative CXCL7 levels. Each symbol represents an individual donor. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 6–8). The asterisks on the long bar line indicate a significant difference among the five HIV-infection groups (p < 0.0001, n = 6–8), as analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The asterisks on the short bar lines indicate significant differences (***, p < 0.0005, ****, p < 0.0001) between the HIV-infection groups under the bar lines and the HIV-1 Ada control group, as assessed using Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons.

Article Snippet: CXCL7 concentrations in the supernatants collected from cultures of HIV-infected MDMs throughout the time course of infections were measured using ELISA kits (Cat# EA100464) purchased from Origene (Gaithersburg, MD, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Infection, Virus, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Control